Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology: Psychopathology > Depression > Flashcards

Depression Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What is depression

A

A mental disorder characterised by low mood and energy levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 behavioural characteristics of depression

A
  1. Low activity/ energy levels
  2. Disruption to sleep and eating behaviours
  3. Aggression and self-harm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe ‘Activity levels’

A
  1. Reduced activity levels
  2. Withdrawal from work, education and social life
  3. In some cases Psychomotor agitation which has the opposite effect (struggle to relax)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Disruption to sleep and eating behaviour

A
  1. Changes in sleeping behaviour
  2. Reduced sleep: insomnia
  3. Or increased need for sleep: hypersomnia
  4. Eating behaviours also increase or decrease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Aggression and self harm

A
  1. More irritable
  2. Verbally or physically aggressive
  3. Can have knock-on effect is other areas of life
  4. Aggression can be directed as self so cutting or suicide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 3 emotional characteristics of depression

A
  1. Lowered mood
  2. Anger
  3. Lowered self-esteem
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe lowerd mood

A

Feeling of worthlessness and emptiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe anger

A
  1. More negative and fewer positive emotions

2. Anger at others or themselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe lowered self-esteem

A
  1. Self-esteem is how much we like ourselves
  2. Suffered report lowerd self esteem so don’t really like themselves
  3. Can include self loathing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is ‘cognitive characteristics’ and what 3 are there

A 
1. Concerns the way people process information, people with depression process differently 
-
1. Poor conc
2. Dwelling on the negative 
3. Absolutist thinking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe poor conc

A
  1. Poor levels of conc
  2. Unable to stick to a task
  3. Hard to make decisions
  4. Likely to interfere with someone’s work
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe dwelling on the negative

A
  1. Pay more attention to negative aspects than positive

2. Recall in the same way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Absolutist thinking

A
  1. ‘Black and white thinking’

2. See an unfortunate situation as an absolute disaster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What did Beck suggest were the 3 parts to cognitive vunrlibilty to depression

A
  1. Faulty informational processing: focus on negative aspects and ignore positive
  2. Negative self-schemas: interpret a neutral situation as negative
  3. Negative triad: view on world, future, and of self
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What did Ellis define irrational thoughts as

A

Not as illogical but anything thoughts that interfere with our happiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Explain the ABC model

A

Explains how irrational thoughts affect our behaviour

  1. Activating event: negative event that triggers irrational event (failing test)
  2. Beliefs: set of irrational beliefs such as life of always meant to be fair (Utopianism)
  3. Consequences: when activating event triggers irrational bellies there are emotional consequences
17
Q

3 evaluation points for ABC model

A
  1. Good supporting Evidence
  2. Practical application in CBT
  3. Does not explain all aspects of depression
18
Q

Good supporting evidence

A
  1. Lots of evidence associating with faulty info processing, negative self-schemas and triad of automatic thinking
  2. 65 pregnant women judged for cognitive venerability, more likely to suffer pre-natal depression
  3. Evidence to show cognitive aspects occur before depression itself develops
19
Q

CBT

A
  1. Becks cognitive explanation is basis if CBT
  2. Cognitive aspects can be identified and challenged
  3. Therapy shown to be very effective compared to any others
20
Q

Doesn’t explain all aspects of depression

A
  1. Some patients deeply angry which cannot be explained

2. Only explains the most common and basic symptoms

21
Q

Evaluation of ABC model

A
  1. Partial explanation
  2. CBT
  3. Does not explain all aspects of depression.
22
Q

Partial explanation

A
  1. Although some depression caused by activating event, called reactive depression
  2. Some depression has no obvious cause
  3. Therefore only applies to certain types of depression
23
Q

ACB in CBT

A
  1. Idea of challenging irrational beliefs can reduce depression
  2. Supports idea that they play a role in depression
24
Q

ABC does not explain everything

A

Same as becks, does not explain more complex aspects such as anger and delusions

25
Q

Describe the steps of CBT

A
  1. Assessment of patients cognitive behaviour and their problems
  2. Jointly identify goals for the therapy
  3. Identify irrational thoughts
  4. Types of CBT from both Becks and Ellis’s
26
Q

Describe Becks CBT

A
  1. Identify automatic thoughts around negative triad
  2. Once identified these must be challenged
  3. Patient as scientist: patient keeps a journal
  4. Used as eveice to challenge thoughts
27
Q

Rational emotive behvauoiral therapy

A
  1. Used to identify and dispute irrational thoughts
  2. Therapist identifys ‘belfies’ such as Utopianism and then challenge this
  3. Aim is to break link between belfies and depression
  4. Vigours argument involved (imprical argument)
28
Q

Behavioural activation

A

Alongside the cognitive aspects, patients are encouraged to engage in enjoyable activities. Used for evidence against irrational beliefs

29
Q

A03 for effective CBT

A
  1. 327 adolescents with depression
  2. Compared effects of CBT, CBT+ antidepressants, and just antidepressants.
  3. After 36 weeks Both CBT and antidepressants showed a 81% of group showed significant improvement
  4. Shows it just as helpful as medication and even more so combined with it
30
Q

CBT may not work for most server cases

A
  1. Patients with severe depression cannot motivate themselvs to engage with CBT
  2. May not pay attention
  3. In these cases best to treat with antidepressants then use CBT
  4. Shows not a sole solution to severe depression
31
Q

Could just be to do with therapist-patient relationship

A
  1. Therapies actually all very similar

2. So might just be due to the relationship with therapist

Psychology: Psychopathology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions