All Flashcards
Definitions of abnormally Stat infrequency and deviation from social norms ao3
Statistical infrequency:
- Real life app in diagnosis
- Unusual characteristics can be positive
- Not every needs a label
Deviation from social norms
- Specific to cultures
- Can lead to human right abuse such as racism
Failure to function and deviation from ideal mental health ao3
Failure to function:
+ takes into experience of patient
- is it just deviation from social norms
- subjective judgement
Deviation from ideal mental health
+ covers broad range of criteria
- cultural relativism
- unrealistically high standards
Characteristics of phobias ao1
Behaviour:
Panic
Avoidance
Endurance
Emotional
Anxiety
Unreasonable overreaction
Cognitive
Selective attention
Irrational bellies
Cognitive distortions
Depression characteristics ao1
Behavioural
Activity levels
Eat/sleep disruptions
Aggression and self harm
Emotional
Lowers mood
Anger
Low self esteem
Cognitive
Poor conc
Dwelling on negative
Absolutist thinking
OCD characteristics ao1
Behavioural
Compulsions that repeat and reduce anxiety
Avoidance
Emotional
Anxiety and distress
Depression
Guilt and disgust
Cognitive
Obsessive thoughts
Cognitive strategies
Insight into excessive anxiety
Behavioural expliantion of phobia ao1
- Two process model
- Acquired by classical: little Albert
Maintained by operant: avoidance
Ao3 behaviour explaining phobias
- Can explain how obtained and maintained
- Incomplete: guns and cars
- Some phobias don’t follow trauma
- Does not explain cognitive aspects
SD ao1
- Counterconditioning (relearn)
- ## Cant be relaxed and anxious (reciprocal inhibition)
- Anxiety hierarchy
- Relaxation
- Exposure
SD ao3
- Effective: 42 patients, spider quiz, 3 and 33 months
- Suitable for all patients
- Acceptable so low drop out
Flooding ao1
- Extinction
2. Informed consent
Flooding ao3
- Cost effective also free of symptoms sooner
- Doesn’t work for social phobias
- Treatment traumatic
Beck ao1
- Faulty info processing
- Negative self-schema
- Negative triad
Beck ao3
- Cognitive vulnerability before post-natal depression: cause and effect
- Negative triad aspects challenged in CBT
Ellis ao3
- Partial explanation: not all depression is reactive depression
- Practical application in Rational emotive behavioural therapy
CBT ao1
- Identify irrational thoughts
- Jointly identify goals
- REBT to break link between negative life events and depression
- Patient at scientist, given homework
- Behavioural activation
Ao3 CBT
- 325 depressed, 36 weeks, 81% of Anti and CBT signif improve, 86% of combo
- Does not work in severe cases (need antidepressants to engage)
- Might be due to relationship as all therapy sameish
Bio explanation of OCD ao1
- Vulnerability runs in family
- Polygenic, 230 genes code for neurotransmitters that regulate mood
- Diff types (atiogical)
- neural - Less effective transmission as serotonin
- Frontal lobes (descsions) and parahypocampul gyrus (Emotiins)
A03 bio explanations of OCD
- Twin study 68% mono, 31% di
- Too many genes for practical application
- Enrioment: more trauma= more OCD
- Neural - Antidepressants work
- Not clear what mechanisms
- Serotonin OCD link is just Ci-morbidity
Bio treatment of OCD ao1
- Explain SSRIs
- Combine with CBT
- Alternatives: SNRIs
Bio treatment OCD
- 17 study review: SSRI always better than placebo, best when with CBT
- Drugs cost effective and non invasive (also not need to engage)
- Side effects high blood pressure
