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Psychology: Psychopathology > All > Flashcards

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1
Q

Definitions of abnormally Stat infrequency and deviation from social norms ao3

A

Statistical infrequency:

  1. Real life app in diagnosis
  2. Unusual characteristics can be positive
  3. Not every needs a label

Deviation from social norms

  1. Specific to cultures
  2. Can lead to human right abuse such as racism
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2
Q

Failure to function and deviation from ideal mental health ao3

A

Failure to function:
+ takes into experience of patient
- is it just deviation from social norms
- subjective judgement

Deviation from ideal mental health
+ covers broad range of criteria
- cultural relativism
- unrealistically high standards

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3
Q

Characteristics of phobias ao1

A

Behaviour:
Panic
Avoidance
Endurance

Emotional
Anxiety
Unreasonable overreaction

Cognitive
Selective attention
Irrational bellies
Cognitive distortions

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4
Q

Depression characteristics ao1

A

Behavioural
Activity levels
Eat/sleep disruptions
Aggression and self harm

Emotional
Lowers mood
Anger
Low self esteem

Cognitive
Poor conc
Dwelling on negative
Absolutist thinking

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5
Q

OCD characteristics ao1

A

Behavioural
Compulsions that repeat and reduce anxiety
Avoidance

Emotional
Anxiety and distress
Depression
Guilt and disgust

Cognitive
Obsessive thoughts
Cognitive strategies
Insight into excessive anxiety

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6
Q

Behavioural expliantion of phobia ao1

A
  1. Two process model
  2. Acquired by classical: little Albert
    Maintained by operant: avoidance
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7
Q

Ao3 behaviour explaining phobias

A
  1. Can explain how obtained and maintained
  2. Incomplete: guns and cars
  3. Some phobias don’t follow trauma
  4. Does not explain cognitive aspects
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8
Q

SD ao1

A
  1. Counterconditioning (relearn)
  2. ## Cant be relaxed and anxious (reciprocal inhibition)
  3. Anxiety hierarchy
  4. Relaxation
  5. Exposure
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9
Q

SD ao3

A
  1. Effective: 42 patients, spider quiz, 3 and 33 months
  2. Suitable for all patients
  3. Acceptable so low drop out
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10
Q

Flooding ao1

A
  1. Extinction

2. Informed consent

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11
Q

Flooding ao3

A
  1. Cost effective also free of symptoms sooner
  2. Doesn’t work for social phobias
  3. Treatment traumatic
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12
Q

Beck ao1

A
  1. Faulty info processing
  2. Negative self-schema
  3. Negative triad
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13
Q

Beck ao3

A
  1. Cognitive vulnerability before post-natal depression: cause and effect
  2. Negative triad aspects challenged in CBT
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14
Q

Ellis ao3

A
  1. Partial explanation: not all depression is reactive depression
  2. Practical application in Rational emotive behavioural therapy
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15
Q

CBT ao1

A
  1. Identify irrational thoughts
  2. Jointly identify goals
  3. REBT to break link between negative life events and depression
  4. Patient at scientist, given homework
  5. Behavioural activation
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16
Q

Ao3 CBT

A
  1. 325 depressed, 36 weeks, 81% of Anti and CBT signif improve, 86% of combo
  2. Does not work in severe cases (need antidepressants to engage)
  3. Might be due to relationship as all therapy sameish
17
Q

Bio explanation of OCD ao1

A
  1. Vulnerability runs in family
  2. Polygenic, 230 genes code for neurotransmitters that regulate mood
  3. Diff types (atiogical)
    - neural
  4. Less effective transmission as serotonin
  5. Frontal lobes (descsions) and parahypocampul gyrus (Emotiins)
18
Q

A03 bio explanations of OCD

A
  1. Twin study 68% mono, 31% di
  2. Too many genes for practical application
  3. Enrioment: more trauma= more OCD
    - Neural
  4. Antidepressants work
  5. Not clear what mechanisms
  6. Serotonin OCD link is just Ci-morbidity
19
Q

Bio treatment of OCD ao1

A
  1. Explain SSRIs
  2. Combine with CBT
  3. Alternatives: SNRIs
20
Q

Bio treatment OCD

A
  1. 17 study review: SSRI always better than placebo, best when with CBT
  2. Drugs cost effective and non invasive (also not need to engage)
  3. Side effects high blood pressure

Psychology: Psychopathology (7 decks)

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