depression

Question 1

Quote by Ellis (1962)

Answer 1

Good mental health is a result of rational thinking

Depression is a result of irrational thoughts

Question 2

Ellis’ ABC model

Answer 2

A-activating event.
Something happens e.g. teacher tells you you’ve done poor
B- beliefs
You have about the event e.g. you are a failure
C- consequence
Have an emotional response to the belief e.g. feeling that you are worthless

Question 3

Beck (1967)

Answer 3

Don’t need a activating event for depression to occur sometimes thoughts are automatically negative

Question 4

What are the 3 points of Necks negative triad

Answer 4

Negative views about…. the world, the future, oneself

Question 5

What are the automatic errors in logic

Answer 5

Overgeneralisation- making sweeping generalisations
catastrophizing- making a mountain out of a molehill
Global negative biases- looking at all aspects of life negatively

Question 6

Strengths of beck+ellis

Answer 6

Evidence- Grazioli + terry (2000) pregnant women study

Strong practical applications- CBT

Question 7

Weaknesses of beck + Ellis

Answer 7

The cognitive approach ignores biological factors- Sender (1986) adopted children (reductionist)

Are they really distorted in their thinking?- Taylor (1990) depressive realism

cause + effect unclear- what caused what, depression or irrational thoughts

Question 8

CBT

Answer 8

challenge negative and irrational thoughts.

May use beck’s or Ellis’ methods

Question 9

CBT- Ellis’ ABCDE

Answer 9

A- identify activating events causing distortions
B- identify the faulty beliefs
C- establish the consequences these thoughts are having
D- Dispute these beliefs
E- is this having a positive effect on client

Question 10

What are the 3 types of disputing

Answer 10

Logical, empirical, pragmatic

Question 11

Logical disputing

Answer 11

Getting them to realise their self-defeating beliefs are not logical

Question 12

Empirical disputing

Answer 12

Getting them to realise their self-defeating beliefs are not realistic

Question 13

Pragmatic

Answer 13

Getting them to realise their self-defeating beliefs are not useful

Question 14

CBT- Beck’s negative triad

Answer 14

therapist identifies and challenges automatic thoughts about the world, oneself and the future

Keep. thought diaries/ record when someone is nice to them- this can be used to challenge the belief later on.

Question 15

Strengths of CBT

Answer 15

Evidence is very effective- Smith + Glass (1977) found CBT was 2nd in highest success rate

Attempts to deal with the cause long term unlike drug therapies

Question 16

Weaknesses of CBT

Answer 16

Not appropriate for everyone

They ignore personal circumstances

Time consuming (27 sessions needed) expensive

Lots of motivation and commitment needed

Can be distressing