Depression

Question 1

What is depression?

Answer 1

A mental health disorder, most commonly
associated with low mood and low levels of
energy

Question 2

DSM-5 outlines the following

Answer 2

Major Depressive Disorder

Persistent Depressive Disorder

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Question 3

how many people are diagnosed with depression each week in the UK

Answer 3

Around 3 in 100 people

Question 4

Behavioural characteristics of depression

Answer 4

-Low activity levels often leading to withdrawal from life
-Disruption of eating or sleeping behaviours eg. more or less than usual
-Harm towards others or self in the form of physical or verbal assault

Question 5

emotional characteristics of depression

Answer 5

-Lowered mood
-anger at yourself or others
-lower self esteem

Question 6

Cognitive characteristics of depression

Answer 6

-Poor concentration
-Unable to focus on the positives
-Absolutist thinking also known as black or white thinking

Question 7

What are the two names of the cognitive explanations of depression

Answer 7

Becks cognitive theory
Elis’s ABC model

Question 8

Elis’s ABC model consists of

Answer 8

irrational beliefs cause depression
A = Activating event This is the ‘trigger’ and usually an external event. For example
‘you get made redundant at work’
B = Beliefs These can be rational (in healthy people) or irrational.
For example ‘its because they were overstaffed’ or ‘because they have always hated me’
C = Consequences These are the emotional and behavioural changes rational is usually acceptance whereas irrational can lead to depressive behaviours.

Question 9

Beck’s Negative Triad

Answer 9

faulty information processing - black and white thinking
negative self schemas formed in childhood - negative perception of self
negative triad
negative views of self - negative views of the world - negative view of the future

Question 10

Becks theory pos

Answer 10

Supporting research
Grazioli and Terry
Pregnant woman withhigh cognitive vulnerability where more likely to form depression
Cognition is there before depression develops

Question 11

Cognitive explenations neg

Answer 11

Its a reductionist theory which ignores other factors like the link between insecure attatchments in childhood or biological reasons like low serotonin

Question 12

Becks pos

Answer 12

practical application
identify components of negative triad and combatng them in CBT

Question 13

Ellis pos

Answer 13

Practical application
Identify and challenge irrational beliefs

Question 14

Becks cognitive behavioral therapy + explenations

Answer 14

-CBT turns irrational beliefs and thinking into rational and positive ones
-Homework i given to the clients to list positie things throughout their day

Question 15

Ellis’ cognitive behavioral therapy

Answer 15

REBT ( rational emotional behavioral therapy)

Question 16

Elis’ therapy explenations

Answer 16

Activating event (T challenges P activating events with it just being due to negative emotions)
Beliefs (T Draws attention to positive incidents)
Consequences (P encouraged to try a new style of thinking with achievable goals)
Disputing irrational beliefs and thoughts (T challenges p way of theinking)
Effects of disputing and Effective attitudes to life (P taught to recognise te effect of these disputing arguments)
Feeling and emotions are produced (P taught that feelings are linked to our thoughts which should now be changed)

Question 17

Treatments pos

Answer 17

Research support for effectivness
March -
81% of CBT condition
81% of anti depressants
86% of CBT plus anti depressants
very effective w adolescent depressed teens

Question 18

Treatment neg

Answer 18

Not effective in severe cases were the patient isn’t willing to attend or do homework which then leads to more severe side effects

Question 19

treatment neg

Answer 19

The drug treatment is found to be just as effective as the CBT however its quicker and cheaper aswell as working on more severe cases aswell as people who are less likely to open up or have learning disabilities.

Question 20

treatment pos

Answer 20

There are no side effects unlike with antidepressents