depression

Question 1

mood

Answer 1

pervasive and sustained emotion that influences one’s perception of the world and how one functions

Question 2

affect

Answer 2

expression of mood

Question 3

blunted affect

Answer 3

significantly reduced intensity of emotional expression

Question 4

bright affect

Answer 4

smiling, projection of a positive attitude

Question 5

flat affect

Answer 5

no emotion

Question 6

inappropriate affect

Answer 6

discordant affective expression accompanying the content of speech or ideation

Question 7

labile

Answer 7

abrupt shift in emotion

Question 8

restricted/constricted

Answer 8

mildly reduced in the range and intensity of emotional expression

Question 9

depression sx in children & adolescents

Answer 9

-anxiety
-somatic complaints
-act out & irritable
-psychomotor agitation
-increased risk of suicide in mid-adolescent years

Question 10

depressive sx in older adults

Answer 10

-psychomotor retardation
-somatic complaints
-may be confused with bipolar, dementia, or CVA
-often associated with chronic illnesses (heart dx, stroke, & cancer)

Question 11

MDD clinical course

Answer 11

-progressively recurrent
-episodes are more frequent, severe, and last longer

Question 12

MDD diagnostic criteria

Answer 12

-have to have a depressed mood and/or loss of interest or pleasure in all activities for at least two weeks
-4/7 of: loss of sleep, appetite changes (or weight), changes in concentration or energy, psychomotor agitation or retardation, guilt or feeling of worthlessness, suicidal ideation

Question 13

depression risk factors

Answer 13

-family hx
-lack of social supports
-lack of healthy coping abilities
-life and environmental stressors
-medial or mental illness comorbidities
-culture and ethnicity

Question 14

depression biologic theories

Answer 14

-genetic factors
-dysregulation in nervous system
-decreased levels of serotonin

Question 15

psychological theories

Answer 15

-psychodynamic factors
-behavioral factors
-cognitive factors
-developmental factors

Question 16

psychodynamic factors

Answer 16

an early lack of love, care, warmth, and protection and resultant anger, guilt, helplessness, and fear regarding the loss of love

Question 17

behavioral factors

Answer 17

severe reduction in rewarding activities or an increase in unpleasant events in one’s life.

Question 18

cognitive factors

Answer 18

irrational beliefs

Question 19

developmental

Answer 19

experienced trauma growing up

Question 20

persistent depressive disorder (dysthymic disorder)

Answer 20

-everyday depression, not as severe as MDD
-dx: daily mood for at least 2 years old
-doesn’t interfere with functioning

Question 21

depression assessment

Answer 21

-address physical sx
-assess underlying mental/medical d/o that can be contributing and needs to be addressed
-care for pt in a holistic mannner

Question 22

physical health assessment

Answer 22

-system review
-med history
-physical exam
-help with sx: appetite & weight changes, sleep disturbance, tiredness, decreased energy, & fatigue

Question 23

psychosocial assessment

Answer 23

-mood and affect
-depression screening tools
-cognition: irrational thoughts?
-memory
-self concept
-behavior
-risk assessment: suicidal or homicidal

Question 24

strength assessment

Answer 24

past coping strategies

Question 25

interventions

Answer 25

-monitor for drug interactions: serotonin syndrome & anticholinergic crisis -somatic therapies: ECG, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, yoga, acupuncture -psychosocial: cognitive behavioral therapy -implement milieu therapy -family intervention -integration with primary care