Depression

Question 1

Diagnostic and Statistic manual (DSM)

Answer 1

-patient must be experiencing 5 or more symptoms in the same 2 week period
-1 of the symptoms should either be:
a) depressed mood
b) lost of interest/pleasure

Question 2

BEC Characteristics (Behavioural)

Answer 2

-disruption to sleep and eating
-aggression and self harm
-low activity levels

Question 3

BEC Characteristics (Emotional)

Answer 3

-lowered mood
-anger
-lower self esteem

Question 4

BEC Characteristics (Cognitive)

Answer 4

-poor concentration
-attention to the negative
-absolutist thinking(exaggerating)

Question 5

Ellis (1962) ABC model

Answer 5

A- activating event
B- beliefs
C- consequences

Question 6

Ellis (1962) ABC Model AO1

Answer 6

-depressives mistakenly blame external events for their unhappiness (irrational belief)
-their interpretation is to blame for their distress (misinterpretation)
-maladaptive/adaptive responses

Question 7

Ellis (1962) ABC Model AO3 Strength

Answer 7

real world application, REBT
-useful in suggesting ways to manage symptoms of depression

evidence from Hammen and Krantz
-depressed patients made more errors in logic

Question 8

Ellis (1962) ABC Model AO3 Weakness

Answer 8

REBT is not possible without stabilising patients first with drug treatments
-suggests there is biological factors to the cause of depression

Unclear if irrational beliefs are the causes of depression
-consequence as opposed to a cause

Question 9

Becks Negative triad (1967) AO1

Answer 9

-Schematas
-The cognitive Triad
-Cognitive distortions/biases

Question 10

Becks Negative triad (1967) AO1 Schematas

Answer 10

Schematas are built up from early experiences
- depressed mood is a product of a pessimistic schema

Question 11

Becks Negative tried (1967) AO1 The negative cognitive triad

Answer 11

-the world
-the future
-oneself

Question 12

Becks Negative tried (1967) AO1 Cognitive biases

Answer 12

Catastrophising
-wildly exaggerating negative events
Overgeneralisation
-drawing negative conclusions
Selective abstraction
-focus on the negatives, overlook the positives
Absolutist thinking
-unless perfect it is considered a failure

Question 13

Beck Negative Triad (1967) AO3 Strength

Answer 13

D’Alessandro
-students negative future/depressed mood if they didn’t get into their first choice college
CBT- real world application
-aim to identify maladaptive thoughts and change them for adaptive ones

Question 14

Beck Negative Triad (1967) AO3 Weakness

Answer 14

CBT not possible until clients are stabilised with drug treatment first
-suggest biological factors are a cause

Unclear if cognitive factors are the cause of depression
-maybe negative consequences as opposed to a cause

Question 15

CBT AO1

Answer 15

-Rational emotive behavioural therapy (REBT)
-Treatment of negative automatic thoughts(TNAT)

Strategies of CBT:
-identification of faulty cognitions
-irrational thoughts are challenged
-record automatic negative thoughts and challenge them
-cognitive restructuring

Question 16

Ellis (1962) REBT: Rational emotive behavioural therapy

Answer 16

Aim: reframing into adaptive responses, disputing and challenging the patients irrational beliefs

A- activating event
B- belief
C- consequence
D- disputing intervention
E- effective new philosophy
F- new feeling

Question 17

Ellis (1962) REBT AO3 Strengths

Answer 17

Research from Hollon
-CBT is better than drug treatment in long term as it has a lower relapse rate

CBT may be preferable to drug treatment
-fewer side effects in CBT

Question 18

Ellis (1962) REBT AO3 Weaknesses

Answer 18

Not effective with all patients
- they may relapse which questions CBT effectiveness
CBT requires more effort than drug treatments which may not suit depressed patients
-they are face to face sessions and are set homework