Depression Flashcards
What is mood disorder / Affective disorders?
where the fundamental disturbance is a change in affect/mood to depression (with or without associated anxiety) or to elation.
The mood change is usually accompanied by a change in the overall level of activity
Most of the other symptoms are either secondary to the change in mood and activity.
Most of these disorders tend to be recurrent
onset of individual episodes can often be related to stressful events or situations.
What are the criteria for depressive episode?
- 2 weeks of depressive mood and: 4/8 min of following:
- insomnia, hypersomnia
- appetite alterations
- diminished interest / anhedonia*
- decreased concentration
- low energy *
- guilt
- psychomotor chances
- low mood *
- = core symptoms
What is a major depressive disorder?
What three subtypes are there?
If no manic of hypomanic past, then current major depressive episode = longitudinal diagnosis of major depressive disorder -MDD
Can have subtypes:
- atypical features e.g. sleep, appetite, heightened mood reactivity
- melancholic features marked psychomotor retardations and anhedonia
- psychotic features of delusions or hallucinations
What three biological features are there of depression?
Sleep
Libido
Appetite
What are the core symptoms of depression?
Low mood
Anergia
Anhedonia
What psychological symptoms are there of depression?
The world
Oneself
The future
What are the criteria of mania?
Decreased need for sleep alongside energy
Distractibility
Grandiosity
Flight of ideas or racing thoughts
pressure speech
increased goal directed activities / agitation
impulsive behaviour e.g. financial or sexual in nature
3 or more with either euphoria or irritable mood = mania / bipolar
How is unspecified bipolar disorder decided on?
Less than 4 days symptoms
Can someone have psychotic features and hypomania?
No, hypomania cannot be diagnosed alongside psychotic features
Can you diagnose someone with bipolar disorder if it is caused by antidepressants?
yes
What is cyclothymia?
Mild form of bipolar:
Most people’s symptoms are mild enough that they do not seek mental health treatment, or the emotional highs feel nice, so they do not realise there’s anything wrong or want to seek help.
This means cyclothymia often goes undiagnosed and untreated.
What form of episode do bipolar I people experience first?
Depressive followed by mania
- need to also focus on anxiety in these people.
Bipolar depression vs unipolar depression?
Bipolar = early onset Unipolar = later 20s
Bipolar = shorter episodes Unipolar = longer depressive episodes
Bipolar = more frequent episodes
Insight in depression vs mania?
Insight preserved in depression
impaired in mania
What are attention biases?
Biases in shifting attention e.g. difficult for depressed people to disengage from negative material
