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Geology > Depositional Envi > Flashcards

Depositional Envi Flashcards

1
Q

Terrestrial Envi (5)

A
  • Alluvial fans
  • Fluvial (rivers) (Braided stream, meandering streams, floodplains)
  • Aeolian
  • Beaches
  • Glacier (moraines, eskers, drumlins)
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2
Q

Marine Envi (6)

A
  • Deltas
  • Reefs
  • Lagoons
  • Barrier islands
  • turbidites
  • deep marine
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3
Q

A1. Alluvial Fans

A

large fan-shaped piles of sediments formed when stream velocity decreases emerge from narrow canyon onto a flat plain at the foot floor of a mountain range

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4
Q

characteristics of Alluvial fans

A

poorly sorted
congl to sh
fair n + k
aquifer (fair to poor)

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5
Q

A2. Fluvial (river)

A

braided streams

meandering streams

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6
Q

A2. braided streams

A

stream that flows in a series of small rivulets around mid-channel bars

  • congl to SS
  • well-sorted
  • aquifer
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7
Q

A2. meandering stream

A

stream that flows in a single channel with very pronounced sinuous curves

  • ss to sh
  • well sorted
  • good aquifers
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8
Q

oxbow lake

A
  1. neck creation
  2. corkscrew water motion
  3. depositions of silt and clay
  4. lake creation
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9
Q

A2. Floodplains

A

section of a river valley that is adjacent to a river but outside of its banks

  • fine materials
  • silt to mud
  • aquitard
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10
Q

comparison streams and FP

A

Braided. Mean. FP
systerm E: high. Moderate. low
lithology: cong to ss. ss to sh. silt to sh
n/k. : good good. poor

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11
Q

A3. desert dune (aeolian)

A

large piles of wind-blown sand

  • ss, well-sorted
  • excellent n/k
  • aquifer
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12
Q

Beach

A

strip of land extending from the low water line inland to a cliff or permanent vegetation

  • congl - ss
  • well-sorted
  • excellent n, k
  • excellent aquifer
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13
Q

barrier island

A

a ridge of sand paralleling the shoreline but not attached to it which is above sea level

  • silt to sh
  • well-sorted
  • good n, k
  • aquitard
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14
Q

A5. glacier landform

A

glaciers erode underlying rx and sediment, transport the eroded material along w them
variety of landform: moraines, drumlins & eskers

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15
Q

A51. moraines

A

glacier stage: advance, retreat or remain stationary
sediment being transported b the glacier is dumped in a single long high ridge along the edge of the glacier
-congl - sh
-poorly sorted
-fair - poor aquifer

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16
Q

A52. Drumlins

A

streamlined-looking hill formed from glacial sediment by the movement of a glacier

17
Q

A53. eskers

A

long sinuous ridge of sediments deposited by meltwter flowing beneath the ice

18
Q

Comparison of Moraines, drumlins & eskers

A

Mo. Drumlin. Eskers
Transported by: ice. ice. water
Lithology: conglo - sh. cong-sh. ss-sh
sorting: poor. poorly. well
n/k: fair. fair. good
type of glacial drift: till. till. drift

19
Q

glacial drift

A

all sediment deposited by a glacier

include both glacier till and stratified drift

20
Q

glacial drift

A

all sediment deposited by a glacier

include both glacial till and stratified drift

21
Q

glacial till

A

sediment deposited directly b glacial ice

22
Q

stratified drift

A

sediment deposited by a glacier which is both sorted & layered

23
Q

B1. deltas

A

a body of sediment deposited by the end of river entering standing water body (lake, ocean..)
decreasing in Velocity when hitting standing water body results in sediments are deposited

24
Q

distributatry channel (DC)

A

extention of river on top of delta
ss
well-sorted
aquifers

25
Q

inter distributary bays

A

quiet envi btw the DC
silt - sh
well-sorted
aquitards

26
Q

B2. Reef

A

a rx structure formed from the build-up of the skeletal remains of sedentary organisms (coral)
found growing in warm, shallow sea in a nearshore envi

27
Q

5 basic reef types

A
  1. barrier reef
  2. fringing reef
  3. patch reef
  4. pinnacle reef
  5. atoll
28
Q

barrier and fringing reef

A 
Sim: long linear reefal structure running parallel to the shoreline 
# barrier has a lagoon, fringing has no lagoon
29
Q

patch and pinnacle reef

A 
sim: both circular shape 
#: patch reef grows in a lagoon, pinnacle grows in the open ocean.
30
Q

atoll

A

a donut-shaped reef which encircles a lagoon
begin as fringing reefs around active volcano
a barrier reef is created which becomes as atoll once the volcano eroded below SL

31
Q

B3. lagoons

A 
bodies of water possessing a narow restricted connection to the open ocean 
btw the land and a barrier 
-fine material 
-poor k
-good k - shale 
-poor k - micrite
32
Q

B4. turbidites

A 
piles of fan-shaped sediment deposited from a sediment-laden current flowing down slope along the bottom of a lake or ocean
underwater fan 
-ss-sh 
-well-sorted 
-n/k: good /aquifers
33
Q

B5. deep marine

A

sediments deposited in the deep marine envi beyond the continental shelf
shale - low k - aquitard

Geology (5 decks)

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