Depletion Anemia Flashcards
what are the two main types of depletion anemia
abnormal loss of RBCs
abnormal destruction of RBC’s
abnormal loss of RBCs
hemorrhage
abnormal destruction of RBC’s
hemaglobinopathies/ hemolytic anemia
classification of hemolytic anemia
intracorpuscular defects
extracorpuscular defects
results in free hemoglobin in circulation and starts a potential cascade of events
hemolysis
hemolysis:
____ will damage tissues esp. renal
free Hb
hemolysis:
the protein ____ binds with Hb for elimation
haptoglobin
hemolysis:
once haptoglobin is saturated it binds with the protein albumin to form ______ (indicating there has been considerable hemolysis)
methemalbumin
hemolysis:
continue free ___ is serum will result in hemoglobinuria
Hb
extrinsic agents:
anemias due to iso or auto antibodies are hemolytic such as…
IMHA - immune mediated hemolytic anemia
MAHA - microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
fetal Rh incompatibility
intrinsic defects (-opathies):
in normal adults…
Hb is:
Hb A is:
Hb: 98%+
Hb A: <2%
intrinsic defects (-opathies): newborns have >50% \_\_\_\_ but it is normally replaced by 6 months of age
Hb F
intrinsic defects (-opathies): \_\_\_ is compromised by Hb A1 (95-98%) and Hb A2 (1-2%), a minor component
Hb A
Hb structural abnormalities:
mostly african americans; trait about 8%, dz about 1%
sickle cell dz
Hb structural abnormalities:
Hb S levels at >80% is the dz
sickle cell dz
Hb structural abnormalities:
Hb S at 20-40% with Hb A at 60-80% in the trait
sickle cell dz
Hb structural abnormalities:
sickle cell prep screens for ____ but not in small quantities, therefore useful only after 6 months of age
Hb S
Hb structural abnormalities:
____ electrophoresis is definitive in sickle cell dz
Hb
Hb structural abnormalities:
causes no anemia except under unique situations
sickle trait
Hb synthesis abnormalities:
___ thalassemia Hb, but a complex genetic abnormality of globin chain synthesis
NO
Hb structural abnormalities:
in ____, Hb A1 is 20% or less, Hb A2 is 3%, and Hb F is >65%
thalassemia
Hb structural abnormalities:
in the _____, the Hb A1 makes up more than 50% of Hb A1, Hb A2 is 4-6%, and Hb F is up to 3%
thalassemia TRAIT
Hb structural abnormalities:
presents as a severe anemia with microcytosis, target cells, marked hypochromia, and family history of mediterranean origin
thalassemia major DZ
Hb structural abnormalities:
differs from IDA in the
1. RDW is normal
2. anemia is unlikely; as a matter of fact, the RBC may be greater than 5x10^6 even though the Hb may be as low as 9gr/dl
thalassemia minor TRAIT
in thalassemia ____ TIBC is low with normal ferritin
minor
in ____ TIBC is high and ferritin is low
iron deficiency anemia (IDA)
sex linked to X chromosome; affects men more than females
brought on by ASA, phenacetin, sulfas, nitrofurntoin
G-6-PD deficiency
RBC enzyme def
what increases in RBC membrane abnormalities
MCHC
lack of protein spectrin which forms an important part of the cytoskeleton of the cell
diagnosed early, hemolysis, jaundice, splenomegaly
hereditary spherocytosis and hereditary eliptocytosis
RBC membrane abnormalities
slow and chronic bleeds usually result in
factor deficiencies
examples of factor deficiencies
males: peptic dz
females: menstrual disorders
index of mature RBC production (bone marrow activity)
reticulocyte (tic) count
increases mean increased RBC’s lost due to depletion (hemorrhage or hemolysis) or treatment of anemia with iron, B12, or folate
reticulocyte (tic) count
normocytic-normocytic: acute bleeds or hemolytic dz
depletion
normo-normo: chronic dz
produciton deficit
microcytic and hypochromic
factor deficiency
IDA
normocytic-normochromic/ hypochromic
factor deficiency
early IDA
macrocytic-normochromic/ hypochromic
factor deficiency
B12 or foliate
