Depletion Anemia

Question 1

what are the two main types of depletion anemia

Answer 1

abnormal loss of RBCs

abnormal destruction of RBC’s

Question 2

abnormal loss of RBCs

Answer 2

hemorrhage

Question 3

abnormal destruction of RBC’s

Answer 3

hemaglobinopathies/ hemolytic anemia

Question 4

classification of hemolytic anemia

Answer 4

intracorpuscular defects

extracorpuscular defects

Question 5

results in free hemoglobin in circulation and starts a potential cascade of events

Answer 5

hemolysis

Question 6

hemolysis:

____ will damage tissues esp. renal

Answer 6

free Hb

Question 7

hemolysis:

the protein ____ binds with Hb for elimation

Answer 7

haptoglobin

Question 8

hemolysis:
once haptoglobin is saturated it binds with the protein albumin to form ______ (indicating there has been considerable hemolysis)

Answer 8

methemalbumin

Question 9

hemolysis:

continue free ___ is serum will result in hemoglobinuria

Answer 9

Hb

Question 10

extrinsic agents:

anemias due to iso or auto antibodies are hemolytic such as…

Answer 10

IMHA - immune mediated hemolytic anemia
MAHA - microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
fetal Rh incompatibility

Question 11

intrinsic defects (-opathies):
in normal adults…
Hb is:
Hb A is:

Answer 11

Hb: 98%+

Hb A: <2%

Question 12

intrinsic defects (-opathies):
newborns have >50% \_\_\_\_ but it is normally replaced by 6 months of age

Answer 12

Hb F

Question 13

intrinsic defects (-opathies):
\_\_\_ is compromised by Hb A1 (95-98%) and Hb A2 (1-2%), a minor component

Answer 13

Hb A

Question 14

Hb structural abnormalities:

mostly african americans; trait about 8%, dz about 1%

Answer 14

sickle cell dz

Question 15

Hb structural abnormalities:

Hb S levels at >80% is the dz

Answer 15

sickle cell dz

Question 16

Hb structural abnormalities:

Hb S at 20-40% with Hb A at 60-80% in the trait

Answer 16

sickle cell dz

Question 17

Hb structural abnormalities:

sickle cell prep screens for ____ but not in small quantities, therefore useful only after 6 months of age

Answer 17

Hb S

Question 18

Hb structural abnormalities:

____ electrophoresis is definitive in sickle cell dz

Answer 18

Hb

Question 19

Hb structural abnormalities:

causes no anemia except under unique situations

Answer 19

sickle trait

Question 20

Hb synthesis abnormalities:

___ thalassemia Hb, but a complex genetic abnormality of globin chain synthesis

Answer 20

NO

Question 21

Hb structural abnormalities:

in ____, Hb A1 is 20% or less, Hb A2 is 3%, and Hb F is >65%

Answer 21

thalassemia

Question 22

Hb structural abnormalities:

in the _____, the Hb A1 makes up more than 50% of Hb A1, Hb A2 is 4-6%, and Hb F is up to 3%

Answer 22

thalassemia TRAIT

Question 23

Hb structural abnormalities:
presents as a severe anemia with microcytosis, target cells, marked hypochromia, and family history of mediterranean origin

Answer 23

thalassemia major DZ

Question 24

Hb structural abnormalities:
differs from IDA in the
1. RDW is normal
2. anemia is unlikely; as a matter of fact, the RBC may be greater than 5x10^6 even though the Hb may be as low as 9gr/dl

Answer 24

thalassemia minor TRAIT

Question 25

in thalassemia ____ TIBC is low with normal ferritin

Answer 25

minor

Question 26

in ____ TIBC is high and ferritin is low

Answer 26

iron deficiency anemia (IDA)

Question 27

sex linked to X chromosome; affects men more than females | brought on by ASA, phenacetin, sulfas, nitrofurntoin

Answer 27

G-6-PD deficiency | RBC enzyme def

Question 28

what increases in RBC membrane abnormalities

Answer 28

MCHC

Question 29

lack of protein spectrin which forms an important part of the cytoskeleton of the cell diagnosed early, hemolysis, jaundice, splenomegaly

Answer 29

hereditary spherocytosis and hereditary eliptocytosis | RBC membrane abnormalities

Question 30

slow and chronic bleeds usually result in

Answer 30

factor deficiencies

Question 31

examples of factor deficiencies

Answer 31

males: peptic dz females: menstrual disorders

Question 32

index of mature RBC production (bone marrow activity)

Answer 32

reticulocyte (tic) count

Question 33

increases mean increased RBC's lost due to depletion (hemorrhage or hemolysis) or treatment of anemia with iron, B12, or folate

Answer 33

reticulocyte (tic) count

Question 34

normocytic-normocytic: acute bleeds or hemolytic dz

Answer 34

depletion

Question 35

normo-normo: chronic dz

Answer 35

produciton deficit

Question 36

microcytic and hypochromic

Answer 36

factor deficiency | IDA

Question 37

normocytic-normochromic/ hypochromic

Answer 37

factor deficiency | early IDA

Question 38

macrocytic-normochromic/ hypochromic

Answer 38

factor deficiency | B12 or foliate