Dependent clauses 2 Flashcards
In order that
essential - Notify him in order that he may xyz.
nonessential - Notify him if you can attend, in order that xyz.
No matter what (why, how, which, when, etc)
Always nonessential
The rule cannot be changed, no matter what you do.
None of which
always nonessential
We received five boxes, none of which are the right size.
None of whom
Always nonessential
They were all basketball players, none of whom could dunk.
Not so… as
always essential
He was not so funny as witty.
Since
essential - We have no food since the grocery store closed. (Time element)
Nonessential - We will go eat tomorrow, since we have the day off. (Clause of reason)
So that
Essential - We will go so that we can get ice cream.
Nonessential - We will go tomorrow, so that we can get ice cream. (answers “why”)
So… that
always essential - The costs ran so high that we could not pay
Some of whom
Always nonessential
(It never comes at the beginning)
They sent over 5 applicants, some of whom showed promise.
Than
always essential
He ran faster than his sister.
That (as a PN)
*That refers to things. But it also is a PN that refers to people when taken as a CLASS OR TYPE
always essential -
She is the candidate that I prefer
That (as a subordinate conj)
always essential -
links a dependent clause to a main
We know that he will make the cut.
Unless
essential - the product will be discontinued unless it is refined.
non essential - The product will be discontinued later this Fall, unless we make a change.
Until
Always essential
He worked until his fingers bled.
When
essential - the change will be made when he takes over/
Nonessential - the change will be catastophic, unless he takes over. (answers what)
Where
essentail - I will go where the river takes me.
nonessential - I will go to the river, where my brother is waiting for me.
Whereas
always essential
The figures cover the costs, whereas supply is not meeting demand.
Which
*Use which rather than who when referring to animals, things, and ideas.
Essential - which of you owns a cat?
Noness - The revised report, which was done by Mark, is quite detailed.
While
essential - The union decided not to strike while negotiations are going on. (“during the time that”)
Noness - The male workers have struck, while the female workers sit quietly at their desks. (“whereas”)
Who
essential - all students who are members raise your hands.
noness - John S, who is a member, raised his hand.
Whom
essential - The gift is for a friend whom I fancy.
noness - The gift is for my friend Amy, whom I fancy. (Tells whom)
Whose
essential - the prize was given to the person whose suggestion was best.
nonessential - the prize was given to Jeff, whose suggestion was best.
