Deonteology (intention) Kantianism Flashcards
who was Kant?
East Prussia, next to Baltic sea, never travelled further than a 26 Kilometre radius of his home. He was born in 1724. He was original name is Emmanuel Cant but after studying Hebrew he changed his name to Immanuel Kant.
Was Kants ethics duty Based ?
Duty Based ethics - some acts can be right or wrong and people have a duty to act accordingly, regardless of the good or bad consequences that may be produced. concerned with what people do, it is not concerned with the consequences of their action. People have the duty to do the right thing even if it produces a bad outcome. for example - Kant thinks it would be wrong to tell a lie to save a friend from murder.
what was Kants golden rule?
Don’t do to others what you are not prepared to have done to you.
What was Kants 3 categorical imperatives
- Universal Law (come with a 5 sentence test)
- do not treat people as a mean to an ends
- Don’t do to others what your not prepared to have done to yourself
What was Kant’s test for the universal law?
- find the agents maxim
- question as to wether it could be accepted as a universal law.
- see if there are any contradiction
- if there is contradictions then the act is not permissible
- If there are not any contradictions then the act is Permissable.
What was Kant’s 3 basic rights?
- Kant says its not about personal preference as to what is right or wrong it is about what everyone would agree to be the right thing. everything has a price or dignity, what ever has a price can be replaced with something if a certain value, anything that is above all price, and admits no equivalent has a dignity.
- Human beings have a clear interest in being free to things, associate, speak and live privately as they choose.
- human beings have a clear interest in preserving the institution of contracts
what does Kant have to say on truth telling?
Kant argues that the moral law commands what we ought to do under all circumstances and that is to always tell the truth in any possible situation. But, what would you do if Hitler knocked on your door and asked if you had any Jews in the attic?
what is Inherent worth?
everything has a price or dignity, what ever has a price can be replaced with something if a certain value, anything that is above all price, and admits no equivalent has a dignity.
what was Kants first categorical imperative
1.Formula of universal law - “act as if the maxim of your action were to secure through your will a universal law of nature”
Everyone in the universe should have the basic morals such not to kill another, not to steal, not to lie, and keep promises. Rules for all to follow
what was Kants second formulation?
- Formula of humanity - “act so that you treat humanity, wether in your own person or that of another, always as an end and never as a means only”
Treat others how you wish to be treated. You should never use someone as a way of getting something that you want.
what was Kants third formulation
- Formula of autonomy “act as if you were through your maxims a law making member of a Kingdom of ends.
Don’t do to others what you are not prepared to have done to yourself.
what are the 5 step test of Kant’s first formulation, Universal Law
- Find the agent’s maxim
- imagine a world where everyone is in the same position, would they do?
- Decide whether any contradictions
- If a contradiction or irrationality arises, acting on that maxim is not permissible
- If there is no contradiction, then acting on that maxim is permissible.
What book did John Rawls Write?
The theory of justice 1971
What was Rawls point of view
“each person is to have an equal right to the most extensive basic liberty compatible with a similar liberty for others”.
The second principle of justice is the “social and economic qualities are to be arranged so that a) expected to be to everyone’s advantage (difference principle) and b) attached to positions and office open to all (fair and equal opportunity) Part b should always be before part “a” in priority.
(if you haven been born yet, the world should be equal so that even if you born into the lowest class you would still have a fair life)
A society in some sense is an agreement amongst all those within that society. Rawls looks at the principle of justice. he focused on how to create a society that was fair.
What are Rawls two different principles ?
1 Principle of equal liberty - All people should have equal rights to the most extensive liberties consistent with other people enjoying the same liberties .
2 Difference principle -there can be any quality in society as long as it makes the worst person better off The difference principle, is the freedom of speech, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
