Dentistry Ancient's Roots and Modern History Flashcards
Dentistry
is a branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the teeth and gums, as well as ailments of the oral cavity and maxillofacial area.
St. Apollonia
- The Patron Saint of Dentistry
- Meant to heal pain derived from tooth infection
Cornelius Celsus
- In his writings referred to the disease that affect the soft parts of mouth and their treatment.
- Cornelius Celsus wrote the De Medicina, where there is the earliest record of orthodontic treatment by finger pressure. He also discussed the removal of stains from the teeth, the treatment of ulcers of the tongue, and the surgical operations necessitated by various oral diseases
Claudius Galen
- He was the first to conclude that teeth are made of bone with nerves inside
- Galen is an important figure in the history of dentistry because he was the first to write of nerves of the teeth. He also believed the teeth are continuously worn by the effect of mastication or chewing.
Aristotle
Aristotle unfortunately expressed some beliefs that were carried on by his successor over many centuries like men has more teeth than women and that teeth increase in length during life and that individuals with many teeth live longer and that teeth continue to form even after the body is completed or full growth. Actually in some of this belief there is truth now, like for example teeth increase in length during life. It doesn’t actually increase in length, but some teeth super erupt.
Hippocrates
- “Father of Medicine”
- He discussed the function and eruption of teeth
- History of dentistry began with the writings of Hippocrates, and from them we derived most of our knowledge of ancient dentistry. It discussed the formation of the teeth, relation of the teeth, speaking, erosion and decay of the teeth and tooth extraction, and many more dental subjects or topics.
Etruscans
- Practiced dental prosthetics using gold crowns and fixed bridgework
- The Etruscans derived their knowledge of the dental art from the Egyptians and Phoenicians. They eventually became the finest prosthodontics or danger makers
Sumerians
- “tooth worms” as the cause of dental decay
- Oral disease has been a problem for humans from the beginning of history. The earliest recorded reference to oral disease is from an ancient Sumerian text that describes tooth worms is a cause of dental decay.
Ebers Papyrus
- An Egyptian text, the Ebers Papyrus, refers to diseases of the teeth and various toothache remedies
- The Ebers Papyrus contains references to diseases of the teeth as well as prescriptions for substances such as olive oil, baits, onions, beans to be mixed and applied against the throbbing of the blisters in the mouth or in the tooth.
Chinese
The Chinese were the first to use the chewstick, and the modern toothbrush was invented by the Chinese in 1498 and they also developed a silver amalgam paste for fillings.
MISWAK
A traditional chewing stick prepared from the roots, twigs, and stem of Salvadora persica and has been used as a natural method for tooth cleaning in many parts of the world for thousands of years.
Hesy-Ra
- Chief of Dentists and Physicians
- Among the first dentists was an Egyptian physician, Hesy-Ra, who was named the chief of dentists and physicians.
- He’s often called the 1st dentist
- An inscription on his tomb includes the title The Greatest of Those Who Deal with Teeth and of Physicians.
- This is the earliest known reference to a person identified as a dental practitioner.
Abu al-Qasim Al-Zahrawi
- The father of modern surgery, an Arab Muslim physician, the greatest medieval surgeon and chemist of the Middle ages.
- Abulcasis introduced over 200 surgical instruments
- He wrote a thirty-volume encyclopedia of medical practices in 1500 pages, Kitab al-Tasrif (A reference book among European in 500 years.)
- Abu Alkasim al Zahrawi or Abu Kasis is the most important Arabian author in relation to dentistry. His book was the first to include illustrations of dental instruments. He was the first author to give effective consideration to dental calculus and its removal.
Middle Ages & The Renaissance
Throughout much of Europe in the Middle Ages, the practice of dentistry was largely limited to monks. Monks were the most educated citizens and carried out surgical procedures, including dentistry. But when church banned monks from performing surgery but letting and extracting teeth, these tasks fell to barbers because barbers often assisted monks in their surgical ministry because they visited the monasteries to shave the heads of monks and the tools of the Barber trade sharp knives and razors were useful for surgery. So after the edict, barbers assumed the monk’s surgical duties, like bloodletting, Lansing, abscesses and extracting teeth.
Ambrose Pare
- Father of Surgery
- Ambrose Pare was known as a Barber surgeon
- In France, he was known as the father of surgery.
- He publishes his complete works. This includes practical information about dentistry, such as tooth extraction and the treatment of tooth decay and jaw fractures.
PIERRE FAUCHARD
- The “father Of Modern Dentistry”
- He developed dentistry as an independent profession from medicine.
- In 1723 he published “The Surgeon Dentist”.
- Fauchard is credited as being the father of modern dentistry because his book was the first to describe a comprehensive system for the practice of dentistry, including basic oral anatomy and function, operative adderossative techniques, and denture construction.
- His book also includes the statement that shoe board derivate acids such as tartaric acid are responsible for dental decay.
Capitan Jose Arevalo
- popularly known as Capitan Cheng- Cheng
- the first Filipino dentist
- Real dental practice in the country began more than 100 years ago, so it started in the district of Quiapo city of Manila in time of Capitan Arevalo, popularly known as Capitan Cheng Cheng.
- He was gradually regarded as the first Filipino dentist. He’s an expert in carving tooth and played on a single eyebrow piece. Capitan Cheng Cheng established his dental office in the same place he had his wife for his assistant. She was also skilled in gold craftsmanship
- About the year 1858, a French dentist from Hong Kong known as Monsieur M Fergie came to Manila and set up a dental office in Campo.
- He was a very able dentist but not a good prosthesis. So on this account he had to look for an assistant who could make artificial teeth. He found Captain Cheng Cheng, who know sooner became his partner in the profession. The joint practice of these two unassuring dentist marked the dentistry in the country.
Dr. Gregorio Ruiz Mateo
- The precursor of modern dentistry in the Philippines
- In 1907, Doctor Gregorio Ruiz Mateo, father of Philippine dentistry, is the second Filipino dentist the finished DDS or Doctor of Dental Science in the United States and he’s the precursor of modern dentistry in the Philippines.
Dental Chair
is a specially designed medical device intended to support a patient’s whole body, like a recliner, but articulated, so that the dentist can recline patients to virtually any position.
The dental chair has a history that dates back to 1790, when an American Dentist, Dr. Josiah Flagg modified a simple Windsor writing chair for use in his dentistry practice.
