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Nursing 2 > Dentistry > Flashcards

Dentistry Flashcards

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1
Q

When is hidden periodontal disease often indicated?

A

if the parulis is within the gingiva

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2
Q

What is periodontal disease caused by?

A

a subgingival biofilm

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3
Q

If the parulis is within the oral mucosa, what treatment may be an option?

A

root canal

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4
Q

Tooth resorption is becoming increasingly common in which species?

A

dogs

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5
Q

What does VOHC stand for?

A

Veterinary Oral Health Council

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6
Q

What does enamel do?

A

cover and protect the dentin of the crown

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7
Q

What is the hardest substance in the body?

A

enamel

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8
Q

T or F. Enamel is able to repair itself.

A

False

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9
Q

What part of the tooth makes up most of the tooth?

A

dentin

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10
Q

What is normal occlusion?

A

scissors bite

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11
Q

What are the 4 classes of malocclusion?

A

1: neutroclusion
2: distoclusion
3: mesioclusion
4: wry malocclusion

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12
Q

What is neutroclusion?

A

jaw lengths normal but one or more teeth in abnormal position

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13
Q

What is distoclusion?

A

overshot jaw

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14
Q

What is mesioclusion?

A

undershot jaw

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15
Q

Define prognathism.

A

increased interdental spaces seen with the jaw has grown longer than it’s usual length

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16
Q

Define brachygnathism.

A

crowding and rotation of teeth when jaw doesn’t grow to full length

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17
Q

Define wrymalocclusion.

A

one segment of the jaw is disproportionate to other segment

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18
Q

What are the 3 skull types?

A

brachycephalic, mesocephalic, dolichocephalic

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19
Q

Which tooth is the carnassial?

A

maxillary 4th premolar and mandibular 1st molar

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20
Q

Which salivary ducts empty just about the maxillary carnassial?

A

parotid and zygomatic

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21
Q

What does attachment loss mean?

A

periodontal state of tooth because accounts for both pocket depth and gingival recession

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22
Q

What are acceptable pocket depths in dogs?

A

0-3mm

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23
Q

What is the acceptable pocket depths in cats?

A

0-1mm

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24
Q

What does it mean when free gingival margin migrates coronally?

A

gingival hyperplasia

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25
Q

What is caries?

A

demineralization of enamel and dentin from acids produced by certain oral bacteria

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26
Q

Where does caries usually occur?

A

occlusal surface molar teeth

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27
Q

What will the explorer tip do with caries?

A

“fall into” or “stick”

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28
Q

What will chronic wear produce?

A

“tertiary dentin” which may look like a caries but will be smooth

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29
Q

What is G1?

A

slight gingivitis

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30
Q

What is G2?

A

moderate gingivitis (inflamed with edema)

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31
Q

What is G3?

A

severe gingivitis (gingival line disturbed, lots of swelling or receding)

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32
Q

What is C1?

A

slight amount of calculus at gingival margin

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33
Q

What is C2?

A

moderate amount of calculus at gingival margin but not extending under gingiva

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34
Q

What is C3?

A

severe amount of calculus at gingival margin and the calculus extends under the gingiva

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35
Q

Define furcation.

A

where roots meet at crown neck

36
Q

What is F1?

A

slight defect

37
Q

What is F2?

A

defect 1/2 through between roots

38
Q

What is F3?

A

defect all the way through. can pass dental probe across under the tooth

39
Q

What is PD0?

A

no gum inflammation, no disease

40
Q

What is PD1?

A

slightly gingivitis (slightly swollen and painful gums), slight tartar

41
Q

What is the earliest stage of periodontal disease?

A

PD1

42
Q

What is PD2?

A

Less then 25% bone (attachment) loss, reddening may be slight

43
Q

What is PD3?

A

25-50% bone (attachment) loss, mild periodontitis

44
Q

What is PD4?

A

more than 50% bone attachment loss, advanced periodontitis

45
Q

What are some signs of periodontal disease?

A

bad breath, flinching/pulling away when you try to look at teeth, quivering lips, growl/snap/hiss, red and swollen gums, tartar build up

46
Q

What many deciduous teeth do canines have?

A

28

47
Q

How many permanent teeth do dogs have?

A

42

48
Q

How many deciduous teeth to felines have?

A

26

49
Q

How any permanent teeth do felines have?

A

30

50
Q

What percent of animals over 3 years old have periodontal disease?

A

80%

51
Q

What can be removed with brushing daily or weekly?

A

plaque

52
Q

What is calculus?

A

hardened plaque

53
Q

How can you tell if a fractured tooth is dead?

A

abnormal tooth color, explorer tip sinks, catches in pulp cavity

54
Q

When using radiographs to diagnose abscessed teeth, what is a radiolucent area?

A

root tip

55
Q

What are also called neck lesions? Why?

A

odontoclastic resorptive lesions (feline tooth resorption), common location at neck of tooth

56
Q

What % of cats have odontoclastic resorptive lesions?

A

up to 64%

57
Q

T or F. The symphysis in cats will also be slightly flexible.

A

True

58
Q

What does the periosteal elevator do?

A

separate the gingival attachments from the tooth crown and then to separate the periosteum from the alveolar bone

59
Q

When is a periosteal elevator used?

A

when creating a flap to allow better and easier access to the tooth root

60
Q

Do you use force with a periosteal elevator?

A

yes

61
Q

What is the root tip elevator used to do?

A

remove a root tip that has been left behind

62
Q

What kind of force is used with a root tip elevator? Why?

A

minimal force, avoid breaking the instrument

63
Q

What does a tartar chunker look like?

A

an extractor but one tip of jaw is curved inward

64
Q

Why should you never touch the gum line when cracking tartar?

A

pinching the gum line will kill the gum in that area and result in ultimate death of the tooth

65
Q

Which tooth is an infraorbial block done above?

A

PM 3

66
Q

Which animals do you need to watch out for when doing an infraorbital block? Why?

A

cats/brachiocephalic dogs, can hit eye, do bevel down

67
Q

Why do you deliver blocks bevel down?

A

so the anesthetic is delivered into the foramen

68
Q

Once a local is administered, how long do you hold a finger over the site? Why?

A

30 seconds, do keep it in the area and absorb

69
Q

In large dogs, why do you tip the nose up?

A

so meds flow back to last molar

70
Q

What is an ultrasonic scaler?

A

a machine that uses a fast vibrating tip to pulsate off debris

71
Q

With ultrasonic scaling, how do you work?

A

from the crown towards gum and apex

72
Q

What are the two types of ultrasonic scaling machines?

A

magnetostrictive and piezoelectric

73
Q

Which type of ultrasonic scaler is most common?

A

magnetostrictive

74
Q

In magnetostrictive, how does the tip move?

A

in an elliptical pattern

75
Q

Should you run the ultrasonic scaler without water? Why?

A

No. It will overheat the attachment and ruin it.

76
Q

What does the water spray do when using an ultrasonic scaler?

A

pulses away debris and cools the , removes biofilm

77
Q

What can kill a tooth?

A

heat

78
Q

How much time should you spend on a tooth with an US scaler?

A

10-15 seconds

79
Q

Is water used with a polishing unit?

A

no

80
Q

How long should you polish each tooth?

A

1-3 seconds

81
Q

When hand scaling, how do you work?

A

gum to crown

82
Q

If an instrument has a number on it, what does it mean?

A

lower number = straighter shank, front of mouth on incisors and canines

larger number = curved shank, use on back of mouth (PM/M)

83
Q

When sharpening the cutting edge on a scaler, what do you sharpen?

A

both sides, not the toe

84
Q

WHat do you ise to remove tiny burrs on a scaler?

A

conical stone

85
Q

Define angulation.

A

relationship of the face of the instrument to the tooth

Nursing 2 (9 decks)

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