Dentistry

Question 1

What equipment is needed for an equine dental exam?

Answer 1

Sedation - A2 or combination given IV
Gloves
Headtorch
Gag
Head stand
Mirror
Dental flush
Dental chart
Hard hat

Question 2

What are you looking for with an incisor examination?

Answer 2

Alignment
Missing teeth
Diastema
Impacted food
Fractures

Question 3

What are you looking for in an oral examination?

Answer 3

Mucosal inflammation or ulceration
Sharp enamel points on cheek teeth
Alignment of upper and lower arcades
Infundibular and peripheral caries
Diastamata
Missing teeth
Fractures

Question 4

What surfaces of the teeth do sharp enamel points end up on?

Answer 4

Buccal surface of lower teeth
Outside edge of upper teeth

Question 5

How many teeth does a horse have per quarter?

Answer 5

22 teeth
3 incisors (01-03)
1 canine (04)
1 wolf tooth (05)
3 premolars (06-08)
3 molars (09-11)

Question 6

What are the eruption times for the decidual incisors?

Answer 6

01 - 6d
02 - 6wks
03 - 6m

Question 7

What are the eruption times for adult incisors?

Answer 7

01 - 2.5yrs
02 - 3.5yrs
03 - 4.5yrs

Question 8

What are the eruption times for canines (04) and wolf teeth (05)?

Answer 8

04 - 4-5yrs
05 - 6-18m

Question 9

What are the eruption times for the decidual premolars?

Answer 9

06, 07, 08 - first 2wks

Question 10

What are the eruption times for adult premolars?

Answer 10

06 - 2-2.5yrs
07 - 3yrs
08 - 4yrs

Question 11

What are the eruption times for adult molars?

Answer 11

09 - 1yr
10 - 2yrs
11- 3-3.5yrs

Question 12

What are the dental techniques commonly performed?

Answer 12

Reduction of sharp enamel points
Reduction of dominant/over-erupted teeth
Wolf/other tooth extraction
Radiography
Sinus flushing/sinus flaps

Question 13

When do you remove wolf teeth?

Answer 13

Large
Unerupted
Abnormally positioned
Lower wolf teeth
Fractured or loose
Only on one side?

Question 14

What are the common dental abnormalities in horses?

Answer 14

Retained deciduous teeth
Fractured/displaced/loose teeth
Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis (EOTRH)
Parrot/sow mouth
Diastemata
Retained deciduous caps
Diastema
Caries/infundibular caries

Question 15

How to treat infundibular caries in the cheek teeth

Answer 15

Fillings - complex and specialist
Remove occlusion if referral is not an option

Question 16

How to treat loose/displaced teeth

Answer 16

Extraction
Round edges to avoid ulceration
Flush out impacted food
Ongoing management

Question 17

How to treat retained deciduous teeth

Answer 17

Removal
May require radiography if cannot distinguish between adult and deciduous teeth

Question 18

How to treat fracture/displacement of incisors

Answer 18

Extraction
May be able to wire them back into place
Radiography to see roots and possible jaw fracture

Question 19

How to treat EOTRH

Answer 19

Extraction

Question 20

How to treat prognathia (‘parrot mouth’)/brachygnathia (sow mouth)

Answer 20

Incisors may not need correction as long as not impinging on soft tissues
Correction as foal

Question 21

How to treat diastema

Answer 21

Remove impacted food
Balance mouth to reduce risk of impaction
Pack gaps with putty?
Widen so food cannot get stuck
Extraction?

Question 22

How to treat retained deciduous caps

Answer 22

Extraction if loose or causing disease

Question 23

What radiographic view of the maxillary incisors is taken?

Answer 23

Dorsoventral view

Question 24

What radiographic view of the mandibular incisors is taken?

Answer 24

Ventrodorsal view

Question 25

What radiographic view of the cheek teeth is taken?

Answer 25

Lateral view
Dorsoventral view

Question 26

What radiographic view of the maxillary cheek teeth is taken?

Answer 26

Latero30dorsal-lateroventral oblique view

Question 27

What radiographic view of the mandibular cheek teeth is taken?

Answer 27

Latero45ventral-laterodorsal oblique view

Question 28

What radiographic view of the temporomandibular joint is taken?

Answer 28

Rostro35lateral50ventral-caudodorsal oblique view