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Head and Neck Anatomy > Dentin-pulp complex > Flashcards

Dentin-pulp complex Flashcards

1
Q

accessory canals:

A

Extra opening located on the lateral portions of the roots of some teeth

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2
Q

apical foramen:

A

Opening from the pulp at the apex of the tooth giving passage to the nerves and
blood vessels.

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3
Q

contour lines of Owen:

A

Adjoining imbrication lines in dentin that demonstrate a disturbance in
body metabolism.

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4
Q

dentinal tubules:

A

Long tubes in dentin

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5
Q

dentin, circumpulpal:

A

Layer of dentin around the pulpal wall.

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6
Q

dentin, hypersensitivity:

A

A short, sharp painful reaction that occurs when some areas of exposed
dentin are subjected to mechanical, thermal, or chemical stimuli.

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7
Q

dentin, mantle:

A

Outermost layer of dentin found in the crown region, adjacent to the
dentinoenamel junction.

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8
Q

dentin, peritubular:

A

Type of dentin that creates the wall of the dentinal tubule.

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9
Q

dentin, primary:

A

Dentin formed in a tooth before the completion of the apical foramen.

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10
Q

dentin, secondary:

A

Dentin that is formed after the completion of the apical foramen

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11
Q

dentin, tertiary:

A

Dentin formed in response to a localized injury to exposed dentin.

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12
Q

dentinal fluid:

A

Fluid within the dentinal tubule in dentin.

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13
Q

dentinogenesis:

A

The process of dentin formation in the development of teeth.
During the apposition stage, odontoblasts differentiate from outer cells of dental papilla.
Formation of mantel dentin:
Odontoblasts synthesize and secrete collagen into ground substance of dental papillae.
Collagen aggregates into fibers perpendicular to basement membrane.
Odontoblasts release vesicles containing hydroxyapatite crystals.
Vesicles rupture and release crystals.
Crystals spread as a cluster and fuse with adjacent clusters to form mineralized matrix.

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14
Q

fibroblast:

A

Cell that synthesizes certain types of protein fibers and intercellular substance.

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15
Q

gingival recession:

A 
Migration of the free gingival margin to a position apical to the
cementoenamel junction (CEJ).
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16
Q

globular dentin:

A

Areas of both primary and secondary mineralization in dentin.

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17
Q

imbrication lines of von Ebner:

A

Incremental lines or bands in mature dentin

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18
Q

odontoblastic process:

A

Attached cellular extension of the odontoblast within the dentinal tubule
through the entire width of the dentin.

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19
Q

odontoblasts:

A

Cells differentiated from outer cells of the dental papilla that synthesize and secrete
predentin.

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20
Q

outer cells of the dental papilla:

A

Cells of dental papilla tissue that differentiate into odontoblasts.

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21
Q

predentin:

A

Dentin matrix laid down by apposition by the odontoblasts.

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22
Q

pulp:

A

Soft innermost connective tissue in both crown and root.

23
Q

pulp chamber:

A

Part of the tooth containing the mass of pulp

24
Q

pulp, coronal:

A

Pulp located in the crown of the tooth

25
Q

pulp, horns:

A

Extensions of coronal pulp into the cusps of the posterior teeth.

26
Q

pulp, radicular:

A

Portion of the pulp located in the root areas of teeth.

27
Q

pulpitis:

A

Inflammation of the pulp.

28
Q

Tomes’ granular layer:

A

Layer of dentin found only in the tooth root; has a granular appearance.

29
Q

Dentin & Pulp Complex

A

Make up inner parts of tooth

In health, not exposed to oral environment

Close proximity

Interdependent

30
Q

Dentin

A 
-Composition by weight
70% mineralized inorganic 
20% organic
10% water
-Chemical composition
Calcium hydroxyapatite
Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2
-Crystalline structure
Plate-like in shape
Smaller in size than enamel
31
Q

Dentin Characteristics

A

Makes up bulk of tooth
Covered by enamel (crown) and cementum (root)
Yellowish in color
Gives translucent enamel its yellow hue

32
Q

Dentinogenesis, Formation of mantel dentin:

A

Formation of mantel dentin:
Odontoblasts synthesize and secrete collagen into ground substance of dental papillae.
Collagen aggregates into fibers perpendicular to basement membrane.
Odontoblasts release vesicles containing hydroxyapatite crystals.
Vesicles rupture and release crystals.
Crystals spread as a cluster and fuse with adjacent clusters to form mineralized matrix.

33
Q

Dentinogenesis, Formation of primary dentin:

A

Organic matrix formed by odontoblast
Collagen aggregates as much smaller fibrils, more closely packed, & aligned at right angles to mantel dentin
Different pattern of mineralization
Mineralization occurs by globular calcification

34
Q

Dentinogenesis, Globular Calcification:

A

Organic matrix is deposited (predentin)
Hydroxyapatitie crystals get depositied in discrete areas.
As crystals grow globular masses are formed
Globular masses continue to enlarge and fuse with each other

35
Q

Types of Dentin By time of formation:

A

-Primary dentin
Dentin that is formed in a tooth before the completion of the apical foramen
-Secondary dentin
Dentin that is formed in a tooth after the completion of the apical foramen
-Tertiary dentin
Dentin that is formed in a tooth in response to injury

36
Q

Types of Dentin By location:

A 
-Mantel dentin
Along the DEJ/CEJ; band about 150 μm wide
-Circumpulpal dentin
Around the pulp
Makes up the bulk of the tooth’s dentin
-Globular dentin
Between mantle and circumpulpal dentin
Disturbed dentin formation
      DEFICIENT MINERALIZATION
37
Q

Dentin Structure

A

-Tubular dentin
Extend from DEJ (crown) or DCJ (root) to outer wall of pulp
Created by lengthening processes of odontoblasts
-Intertubular dentin
Dentin between or around tubules
-Peritubular dentin
Dentin forming walls of tubules

38
Q

DENTINAL TUBULES

A

DENTINAL FLUID
ODONDOBLASTIC PROCESS
SENSORY NERVE
PAIN!

39
Q

Microscopic features: dentin tubules

A

-Primary curvature
“S” shaped curve reflecting pathway of odontoblast
-Secondary curve: represents daily changes in odontoblast direction
-Branching: branching can occur at any point along the way from DEJ/DCJ to pulp

40
Q

Microscopic features: imbrication lines of von ebner

A

Demonstrate incremental apposition of dentin in daily increments of 4-m
Slight change in orientation of collagen fibers daily and more notable every 5th day

41
Q

Microscopic features: contour lines of owen

A

Adjoining parallel imbrication lines that demonstrate a disturbance in body metabolism affecting odontoblasts (e.g. birth, tetracycline ingestion, illness, inadequate nutrition.)

42
Q

Microscopic features: tomes’ granular layer

A

Unknown reason for spotty microscopic appearance
Less mineralization/increased level of interglobular dentin or presence of branching at terminal parts of dentinal tubules

43
Q

pulp

A

-Innermost part of the tooth
-Connective tissue
Mesodermal product from dental papilla

44
Q

Components of Pulp

A

-Intercellular substance
-Tissue fluid
-Cells
Fibroblasts, odontoblasts, WBC, dental pulp stem cell (DPSCs)
-Arteries/veins (branches of maxillary a./v.),
-Fibers
collagen, reticular
-Lymphatics
-Nerves (branches of trigeminal nerve!)
Fibroblasts are the most abundant cell in pulp!

45
Q

Pulp Functions

A

Support, maintenance, and continued formation of dentin
Sensory
Nutritional (for dentin)
Protective (formation of secondary and tertiary or reparative dentin)

46
Q

Pulp Anatomy

A
  1. Coronal pulp
    Occupies crown
  2. Pulp horns
    Extensions of coronal pulp under cusps
  3. Radicular pulp
    Extends from cervical region to the apex of the root
  4. Apical foramen
    Opening from the pulp into surrounding periodontal ligament space near apex of tooth
    Allows arteries, veins, lymphatics, nerves to enter and exit pulp
  5. Accessory canals
    Extra openings from pulp to PDL space
47
Q

Pulp Microscopic features:

Zones

A 
-Odontoblastic layer
Cell bodies of odontoblasts, axons
-Cell free zone
Fewer cells, nerve & capillary plexus
-Cell rich zone
Increased density of cells; extensive vascular supply
-Pulpal core
Similar to cell-rich zone
48
Q

Clinical Considerations: Repair

A

Odontoblasts in the pulp are stimulated to form dentin in response to injury (e.g. attrition, abrasion, caries, or restorative procedures)

49
Q

Clinical Considerations: Tertiary dentin

A

When exposure of pulp is suspected when drilling a tooth, the dentist may use bioactive materials to stimulate production of reparative dentin.

50
Q

Clinical Consideration: Sclerosed dentinal tubules

A

A carious attack can sometimes result in the death of an odontoblast underlying the surface lesion. After the odontoblast dies, the dentinal fluid will crystalize and fill in the dentinal tubule with sclerotic dentin, thus preventing further damage to pulp

51
Q

Clinical consideration: dead tracts

A

Dead tracts are open tubules after the loss of an odontoblastic process. If dead tracts are open to overlying caries, bacteria may enter and migrate to pulp, causing inflammation

52
Q

Clinical consideration: pulpitis

A

Inflammation of the pulp; may require removal of pulp (“root canal”)

53
Q

Clinical consideration: pulp stone

A

Pulp stones are mineralized masses in dentin (free or attached). Formed during tooth development, as tooth ages; maybe be due to microtrauma

54
Q

Clinical Considerations: Aging

A

Dentin: diameter of tubules narrows, presence of sclerosis & dead tracts
Pulp: size & number cells decrease, fibrous tissue increases

Head and Neck Anatomy (7 decks)

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