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Head and Neck Anatomy > Arteries, Veins, Lymphatics > Flashcards

Arteries, Veins, Lymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

What does vascular system of head and neck consist of?

A

arterial blood supply, capillary network, venous drainage

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2
Q

large network of blood vessels

A

plexus

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3
Q

communication of a blood vessel(s) with another blood vessel(s) by a connecting channel(s)

A

anastomosis/anastomoses

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4
Q

narrowing and blockage of the arteries by a buildup of fatty plaque

A

artherosclerosis

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5
Q

bacteria traveling within the vascular system

A

bacteremia

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6
Q

smaller blood vessel that branches off an arteriole to supply blood directly to tissue

A

capillary

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7
Q

smaller artery that branches off an artery and connects with a capillary

A

arteriole

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8
Q

foreign material such as a thrombus traveling in the blood that can block the vessel

A

embolus/emboli

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9
Q

large amounts of blood that escape into surrounding tissue without clotting when a blood vessel is seriously injured

A

hemorrage

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10
Q

substance which consists of cholesterol, calcium, clotting proteins, and other substances that can be found lining arteries

A

plaque

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11
Q

clot that forms on inner blood vessel wall

A

thrombus/thrombi

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12
Q

blood filled space between two layers of tissue

A

venous sinuses

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13
Q

smaller vein that drains the capillaries of the tissue area and then joins larger veins

A

venule

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14
Q

travels to the heart, carries blood. valves in head and neck are mostly absent, unlike rest of body. larger and more numerous in body. greater variation in location.

A

vein

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15
Q

venules drain what?

A

capillaries

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16
Q

where do the left common carotid and subclavian arteries arise directly from?

A

the aorta

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17
Q

where do the the right common carotid and subclavian arteries arise from?

A

the brachiocephalic artery (direct branch of the aorta)

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18
Q

where does common carotid artery travel to?

A

it is branchless and travels superiorly along the neck, lateral to the trachea and larynx, to the superior border of the thyroid cartilage. it ends by dividing into the internal and external carotid arteries at about the level of the larynx. it is a major artery that supplies the brain.

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19
Q

carotid sinus

A

the swelling that exists just before the common carotid artery bifurcates into the internal and external carotid arteries.

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20
Q

arises lateral to the common carotid artery, gives rise to branches that supply both intracranial and extracranial structures, but major destination is upper arm

A

subclavian artery

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21
Q

travels superiorly in a slightly lateral position after leaving the common carotid artery, it is hidden by large sternocleidomastoid muscle of the neck. supplies blood to intracranial structures and is the source of the ophthalmic artery.

A

internal carotid artery

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22
Q

begins at superior border of thyroid cartilage, at the termination of the common carotid artery and carotid sheath. supplies blood to the extracranial tissue of head and neck, including oral cavity.

A

external carotid artery

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23
Q

branches of external carotid artery:

A

superior thyroid, lingual, facial, ascending pharyngeal, occipital, posterior auricular, superficial temporal, maxillary

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24
Q

superior thyroid artery supplies tissue:

A

inferior to the hyoid bone including the infrahyoid muscles, sternocleidomastoid muscle, the muslces of the larynx, and the thyroid gland.

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25
Q

lingual artery supplies tissue:

A

superior to the hyoid bone including the suprahyoid muscles and floor of the mouth by the dorsal lingual, deep lingual, sublingual, and suprahyoid branches, tongue, mylohyoid muscle, sublingual salivary gland, mucous membranes of the floor of the mouth

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26
Q

facial artery supplies:

A

the face in the oral, buccal, zygomatic, nasal, infraorbital, and orbital regions

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27
Q

ascending pharyngeal artery supplies:

A

the pharyngeal walls, soft palate, meninges of braine

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28
Q

occipital artery supplies:

A

suprahyoid, sternocleidomastoid, scalp, meningeal tissues

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29
Q

posterior auricular artery supplies:

A

internal ear, mastoid air cells

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30
Q

maxillary artery supplies:

A

jaws, palate, inside of nose

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31
Q

superficial temporal artery supplies:

A

parotid salivary duct, temporalis muscle, scalp(frontal and parietal regions)

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32
Q

When a blood vessel is seriously traumatized, large amounts of blood can escape into surrounding tissue without clotting, causing a:

A

hemorrhage.
When a blood vessel is seriously traumatized, large amounts of blood can escape into surrounding tissue without clotting, causing a hemorrhage.

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33
Q

Besides the common carotid arteries, which of the following area major arteries DIRECTLY supply the head and neck?

A

Subclavian arteries

The major arteries that directly supply the head and neck include the common carotid

34
Q

Which of the following is an EXCELLENT example of variability within the vascular system?

A

Lingual veins
One excellent example of the venous variability concerns the lingual veins, which include the dorsal lingual veins that drain the dorsal surface of the tongue, the highly visible deeper lingual veins that drain the ventral surface of the tongue, and the sublingual veins that drain the floor of the mouth.

35
Q

Which artery is hidden by the coverage of the large sternocleidomastoid muscle of the neck?

A

Internal carotid artery

The internal carotid artery is hidden by the coverage of the large sternocleidomastoid muscle of the neck.

36
Q

In most cases what drains the capillaries of a tissue area within the vascular system?

A

Venule
After each smaller vein or venule drains the capillaries of the tissue area, the venules coalesce to become larger veins.

37
Q

Within the vascular system, what is a clot that forms on the inner vessel wall?

A

Thrombus

38
Q

Just before the common carotid artery bifurcates into the internal and external carotid arteries, it exhibits the:

A

carotid sinus.
Just before the common carotid artery bifurcates into the internal and external carotid arteries, it exhibits a swelling, the carotid sinus.

39
Q

Within the vascular system, a large network of blood vessels is a

A

vascular plexus.

40
Q

Which of the following should usually ONLY be palpated by qualified emergency medical service (EMS) personnel?

A

Carotid pulse

41
Q

What can cause narrowing and blockage of the arteries leading possible to pathologic changes?

A

Fatty arterial plaque

42
Q

Blood vessels within the vascular system communicate with each other by

A

anastomoses.
Blood vessels in the vascular system may communicate with each other by an anastomosis (plural, anastomoses), a connecting channel(s) among the vessels.

43
Q

What can be palpated if the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is rolled posteriorly at the level of the thyroid cartilage of the larynx or “Adam’s apple” producing a groove of soft tissue?

A

Carotid pulse

44
Q

Which of the following travels to the heart and caries blood?

A

Vein

45
Q

What within the vascular system is smaller than an arteriole and yet can supply blood to a larger tissue area because there are so many of them?

A

Capillary

46
Q

What are blood-filled spaces between two layers of tissue in the vascular system?

A

Venous sinus

47
Q

Which of the following is NOT part of the lymphatic system but works as part of the immune system?

A

Thymus gland

Although not part of the lymphatic system, the thymus gland also works as a part of the immune system.

48
Q

To palpate during an extraoral examination by a dental profession those nodes near the clavicle such as the inferior deep cervical and supraclavicular nodes, have the patient

A

raise the shoulders up and forward.
For those lymph nodes near the clavicle such as the inferior deep cervical and supraclavicular lymph nodes, have the patient

49
Q

Which of the following are NOT used as another term for primary lymph nodes?

A

Central node
Lymph from a particular tissue region drains into a primary node, regional node, or master node; primary nodes, in turn, drain into a secondary node or central node.

50
Q

Which of the following is also termed the tonsillar node?

A

Jugulo-omohyoid lymph node

51
Q

Which of the following are NOT involved a description of a lymphatic vessel?

A

Smaller and thinner than capillaries

52
Q

The lymph nodes are bean-shaped bodies grouped in clusters along the connecting

A

vessels.

53
Q

The lymph flows into the lymph node by way of the

A

afferent vessels.

54
Q

The spread of a cancer from the original or primary site of the neoplasm to another or secondary site is considered

A

metastasis.

55
Q

Which of the following are considered masses of lymphoid tissue located in the oral cavity and pharynx?

A

Tonsils

Tonsils consist of masses of lymphoid tissue located in the oral cavity and pharynx.

56
Q

Which of the following is an indistinct layer of lymphoid nodules located intraorally on the dorsal surface of the base of the tongue?

A

Lingual tonsil
The lingual tonsil is an indistinct layer of lymphoid nodules located intraorally on the dorsal surface of the base of the tongue.

57
Q

Which of the following structures is used as a landmark when palpating the deep cervical lymph nodes by a dental professional?

A

Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Palpating the deep cervical lymph nodes during an extraoral examination is performed by having the patient’s head turned using the landmark of the sternocleidomastoid muscle with bidigital palpation on the underside of the muscle from the angle of the mandible to the clavicle.

58
Q

Which of the following structures of the lymphatic system is located in the nasopharynx, posterior to the openings of the eustachian or auditory tube?

A

Tubal tonsil

The tubal tonsil is also located in the nasopharynx, posterior to the openings of the eustachian or auditory tube.

59
Q

The lymphatic system is part of the immune system that consists of vessels, nodes, ducts, and

A

tonsils.

The lymphatic system is part of the immune system that consists of vessels, nodes, ducts, and tonsils.

60
Q

Which of the following tonsillar tissue is considered to be “tonsils” by MOST dental patients?

A

Palatine tonsils
The palatine tonsils, what patients call their “tonsils,” are two rounded masses of variable size located in the oral cavity between the anterior and posterior faucial pillars on each side of the fauces.

61
Q

Which of the following lymph node groups can NEVER be palpated during an extraoral examination by a dental professional?

A

Retropharyngeal lymph nodes
Deep lymph nodes in the head region can never be palpated during an extraoral examination by a dental professional due to their increased depth in the tissue; the deep nodes of the face include the deep parotid and

62
Q

What branch of the facial artery supplies the Upper lip region?

A

the superior labial artery

63
Q

What branch of the facial artery supplies the Lower lip region?

A

the inferior labial artery

64
Q

What branch of the facial artery supplies the Submental salivary gland?

A

the submental artery

65
Q

What is the terminal branch of the facial artery and what region(s) does it supply?

A

the angular artery, supplies the side of the nose

66
Q

What muscle does the duct of the parotid salivary gland pierce to enter the oral cavity?

A

buccinator muscle

67
Q

The cavernous venous sinus?

A

a channel within the dura mater of brain. It is “located on
the lateral surfaces of the body of the sphenoid bone. Each cavernous sinus
communications by anastomoses with the contralateral sinus and also with the pterygoid
plexus of veins and superior ophthalmic vein, which anastomoses with the facial vein”
it is the only anatomic location
in which an artery travels completely through a venous structure.

68
Q

The pterygoid plexus?

A

a collection of small anastomosing vessels located
around the pterygoid muscles and surrounding the second part of the maxillary artery on
each side of the face within the infratemporal fossa. The pterygoid plexus of veins
protects the maxillary artery from being compressed during mastication; by either filling
or emptying, the pterygoid plexus can accommodate changes in volume of the
infratemporal fossa that occur when the mandible moves

69
Q

hilus

A

a depression in lymph node where lymph flows out of node by way of single efferent vessel

70
Q

primary node

A

lymph from particular tissue drains into primary node, then primary drains into secondary node

71
Q

tonsils

A

consist of masses of lymphoid tissue located in the oral cavity and pharynx, contain lymphocytes that remove toxins

72
Q

lymphatic ducts

A

smaller lymphatic vessels containing lymph converge into larger lymphatic ducts, which empty into the venous system of blood in chest area

73
Q

right lymphatic duct

A

drains right arm and thorax

74
Q

thoracic duct

A

much larger, drains entire lower half of body

75
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

process in which there is an increase in size and a change in consistency of lymphoid tissue

76
Q

metastasis

A

spread of cancer from original or primary site to another site

77
Q

facial vein

A

Veins from the forehead, the supratrochlear and supraorbital veins, merge at the corner of the eye
to form the facial vein. The facial vein receives drainage from veins of the lip, tongue, eye, and
chin.The facial vein has anastomosis with the ophthalmic and pterygoid plexus of veins.The facial vein drains into the internal jugular vein.

78
Q

ophthalmic vein

A

The ophthalmic vein drains the orbital region. The ophthalmic vein anastomoses with the
cavernous venous sinus.

79
Q

cavernous sinus

A

The cavernous venous sinus is a channel within the dura mater of brain. It is “located on
the lateral surfaces of the body of the sphenoid bone. Each cavernous sinus
communications by anastomoses with the contralateral sinus and also with the pterygoid
plexus of veins and superior ophthalmic vein, which anastomoses with the facial vein”

80
Q

Primary Organs and

Tissues

A

Bone marrow

Thymus gland

81
Q

Secondary Organs and

Tissues

A

Lymphatic nodules
Lymph nodes
Tonsils
Spleen

Head and Neck Anatomy (7 decks)

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