Dental Stains and Discolorations

Question 1

Discolorations of the teeth and restorations occur in 3 ways?

Answer 1

1. Directly to surface
2. Within calculus and soft deposits
3. Within tooth structure or restorative material

Question 2

What is the significance of stains?

Answer 2

Is primarily the appearance or cosmetic effect

Question 3

Classifications of Stains by LOCATION? (where at)

Answer 3

1. Extrinsic (Outside the tooth)

2. Intrinsic (Within the tooth)

Question 4

Classifications of Stains by SOURCE? (what caused is)

Answer 4

1. Exogenous

2. Endogenous

Question 5

T/F

Remove as much staining with scaler before polishing ?

Answer 5

True

Question 6

List the Extrinsic Stains (colors)

Answer 6

1. Yellow
2. Green
3. Black line
4. Brown
5. Tobacco
6. Orange
7. Red
8. Metallic

Question 7

Yellow Stains is caused by what?

Answer 7

Neglected oral hygiene and food pigments

Question 8

Green Stains is composed of what?

Answer 8

Chromogenic bacteria and fungi

Question 9

What does Green Stain result from?

Answer 9

Poor OHI, Chromogenic bacteria, and gingival hemorrhage.

Question 10

Do all pulpless teeth discolor?

Answer 10

no, not all

Question 11

What is Tobacco Stain composed?

Answer 11

Tar products of combustion and brown pigment from smokeless tobacco

Question 12

Where is Tobacco Stain located at?

Answer 12

Cervical third, primarily. Most frequently lingual surfaces along with pits and fissures.

Question 13

Brown Stains occurs from Chemical Alteration of the pellicle. What sources can it result from?

Answer 13

1. Stannous Fluoride (#1)
2. Betel Leaf
3. Antibiofilm Agents (Chlorhexidine and Alexidine)
4. Food stuff (tea, coffee, soy sauce)

Question 14

Where can Black Line Stain occur?

Answer 14

Near cervical third, gingival margin in a healthy mouth. Usually females.

Question 15

What is black line staining composed of?

Answer 15

Microorganisms embedded in an intermicrobial substance

Question 16

Name things that can cause Endogenous Intrinsic Stains?

Answer 16

1. Pulpless teeth
2. Tetracyclines
3. Imperfect tooth development (enamel hypoplasia, dental fluorosis, amelogenesis imperfecta)

Question 17

What are Chlorhexadine and Alexadine?

Answer 17

Antibiofilm agents that are used in mouth rinses to combat biofilm. A brownish stain of the tooth surface results; usually more pronounced on proximal and other surfaces less accessible to routine biofilm control procedures. The stain tends to form more rapidly on exposed roots than on enamel.

Question 18

What color is betel leaf staining?

Answer 18

The discoloration of the teeth is a dark, mahogany brown, sometimes almost dark

Question 19

What does Betel Leaf inhibit in the oral cavity?

Answer 19

Betel Leaf has caries-inhibiting effect

Question 20

The most frequently observed stains?

Answer 20

Yellow
Green
Black line
Tobacco

Question 21

What does Chromogenic means producing?

Answer 21

Color or pigment

Question 22

Produced within or caused by factors within?

Answer 22

Endogenous

Question 23

Originating outside or caused by factors outside?

Answer 23

Exogenous

Question 24

Derived from or situated on the outside; external?

Answer 24

Extrinsic

Question 25

Situated entirely within?

Answer 25

Intrinsic

Question 26

The enamel is partially or completely missing?

Answer 26

Amelogenesis imperfecta

Question 27

Was originally called brown stain? But was later named mottled enamel?

Answer 27

Dental fluorosis

Question 28

T/F several types of tooth discoloration may result from blood-borne pigments?
Ex. Prolonged jaundice early in life can impact a yellow or greenish discoloration to the teeth.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

When intrinsic stains come from an outside source, not from within the tooth, the stain is called?

Answer 29

Exogenous intrinsic

Question 30

T/F Extrinsic stains, such as tobacco and green stains, can provide stain that becomes intrinsic

Answer 30

True