Dental review Flashcards
1
Q
What initiates the breakdown of starch?
A
Salivary amylase
2
Q
What breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids?
A
Lingual lipase
3
Q
What structure is keratinized?
A
Hard palate
4
Q
What structures are non-keratinized?
A
Soft palate
5
Q
What is the crown of the tooth?
A
Visible region above the level of the gums
6
Q
The neck of the tooth where cementum and enamel meet is called?
A
Cementumal Enamel Junction
7
Q
What is the hardest substance in the body?
A
The enamel
8
Q
The opening of the base of the root canal is called?
A
Apical Foramen
9
Q
What passes through the apical foramen?
A
Blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves
10
Q
What is the ligament that attaches the cementum to the root?
A
Periodontal ligament
11
Q
What is the alveolar process?
A
Tissue of the attachment apparatus which is the thickened ridge of bone that contains the tooth sockets (alveoli) on bones that hold teeth in the maxilla and mandible
12
Q
What are the different types of teeth?
A
Incisors, canines, premolars, molars
13
Q
What are the most posterior molars called?
A
Wisdom teeth
14
Q
How many teeth do adults have?
A
32
15
Q
The top of the mouth is called?
A
Maxillary arch
16
Q
What is the only moveable skull bone?
A
Mandible
17
Q
Which cranial nerve is most commonly dealt with for dental?
A
Trigeminal, CN V
18
Q
Which anesthetic is used for dental anesthesia?
A
0.5% Bupivacaine/Marcaine
19
Q
What is local infiltration?
A
Deposition of local anesthetic directly at or near a small terminal nerve ending in the immediate area of treatment
20
Q
What is a regional block/tooth nerve block?
A
Deposition of local anesthetic near a major nerve trunk at a greater distance from the area of treatment which provides a wider area of anesthesia
21
Q
When is an Inferior Alveolar (IA) block used?
A
- For anesthesia of entire hemi mandible
- For fracture repair, removal of teeth or pain control
22
Q
What is the target site of IA block?
A
Lingula
23
Q
Where do you place the barrel for IA blocks?
A
Commissure of mouth opposite to the injection site
24
Q
What is concussion of a tooth?
A
Minor injury to the tooth supporting structures without abnormal loosening or displacement of the tooth
25
What is the treatment of concussion of a tooth?
No treatment required
26
What is subluxation of a tooth?
Traumatic injury that results in a tooth, to varying degrees, loose in the socket
27
What is the treatment of subluxation?
- Gentle manipulation into proper position
- Splint if necessary
28
What is tooth avulsion?
Traumatic injury where the tooth has been removed from the socket
29
How do you treat a tooth avulsion?
- Administer local anesthesia or regional intraoral block
- Reimplant tooth in socket or place tooth in Hank's solution, milk, saline or saliva
30
A completely avulsed tooth maybe retained if placed in socket within what time frame?
30min - 1hour
31
What are the types of tooth fractures?
- only enamel
- expose dentin
- expose pulp
- include the root
32
Treatment of enamel fractures
- smooth edges
33
Sx of dental pulp fracture
Sensitivity to cold, air and water
34
Treatment of dental pulp fracture
- mild analgesic
- filling with crown
35
Treatment of mandibular fracture
Immobilize jaw with barton bandage
36
What is pulpitis?
Inflammation of dental pulp resulting from untreated caries, trauma or multiple restorations
37
Principle sx of pulpitis
Pain
38
Treatment of pulpitis
- remove decay
- restore damaged tooth, sometimes root canal
- extraction of tooth as last line of treatment
39
Sx of reversible pulpitis
Pain with cold or sweets, pain ceases within 1-2 seconds
40
Sx of irreversible pulpitis
Pain that lingers minutes after stimulus
41
Treatment of reversible pulpitis
Drill and fill
42
Treatment of irreversible pulpitis
Root canal then crown
43
Apical periodontitis and osteomyelitis can lead to?
Ludwig's angina
44
What is periapical abscess?
Collection of pus at the apex of a tooth, usually caused by an infection that has spread from the apical foramen of a tooth with irreversible pulpitis to surrounding tissues
45
What is the sequelae of periapical perionditis?
Periapical abscess
46
What is a periodontal abscess?
Collection of pus that occurs alongside of a tooth
47
Abscesses may spread to where?
Cheeks
48
Treatment of abscesses
Drainage via I&D
49
What is gingivitis?
Inflammation of gingiva with swelling, redness, exudate and discomfort
50
What is the gingiva?
Firm, tightly adapted to the teeth, and contoured with pink stippled tissue
51
What is the most common cause of gingivitis?
Poor oral hygiene
52
Why does poor oral hygiene cause gingivitis?
Pockets of bacteria may cause gingivitis and root carries
Xerostomia may also play a role
53
What could chronic gingivitis evolve into?
Periodontitis
54
What is primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
Mild, self limiting, viral infection
55
Sx of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
- fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, malaise
- numerous pin head vesicles which rupture and ulcer on the perioral skin
- severe painful gingivitis while eating
56
Treatment of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
- self limiting, heals within 7-14 days
- acyclovir 200-800mg 5x per day
- magic mouth wash
57
Which part of magic mouth wash provides anesthetic relief?
2% viscous lidocaine
58
What is recurrent herpes simplex?
Mild, self limiting re-manifestation of herpes simplex
59
How is herpes simplex differentiated?
Intraoral herpes simplex and herpes labialis
60
What is herpes labialis commonly called?
"cold sores""fever blisters"
61
Prodromal sx of intraoral herpes simplex
Pain, burning, tingling and itching where vesicles develop
62
Treatment of herpes simplex
- self limiting
- acyclovir 200-800mg 5x per day
63
Where is herpes labialis primarily found?
Vermillion border and/or commissure of lips
64
Treatment of herpes labialis
Topical AAA at first sign of prodrome or lesion
65
What is necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
Common, severe, non contagious bacterial infection of the gums with sudden onset
66
What is NUG commonly called?
" trench mouth" "vincent's angina"
67
What causes NUG?
Opportunistic Fusobacteria and spirochetes as a result of immunosuppression
68
Dx of NUG
- punched out appearance with grey pseudo membrance
- foul breath
- rapid onset malaise or fever
69
Treatment of NUG
- magic mouthwash
- after 24-48 hours of improve, gentle debridge
70
What is oral candidiasis?
Opportunistic fungal overgrowth of the lining of the mouth
71
Dx of oral candidiasis
- white curdled milk or cottage cheese buildup
72
Treatment of oral candidiasis
Fluconazole 100mg x 7days
73
What is another name for oral candidiasis?
Thrush
74
What are aphthous ulcers?
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis or canker sores
75
Dx of aphthous ulcers
- prodrome burning or itching
- 1/4to 6mm round ulcerations with yellow-gray fibrinoid with erythemix halos
76
Treatment of aphthous ulcers
- self healing, 10-14 days
- topical corticosteroids
77
What is temporomandibular disorders?
Umbrella term for conditions producing dysfunction of the jaw joint or pain in the jaw and face
78
What can cause temporomandibular disorders?
Arthritis
79
What are some temporomandibular disorders?
- internal joint derangement
- infectious arthritis
- condylar hyperplasia
- condylar hypoplasia
80
Treatment of temporomandibular disorders?
NSAIDs, splint if necessary, refer to dental
81
What is geographic tongue?
Benign migratory glossitis from changing patterns on dorsum and edges of tongue
82
What does geographic tongue resemble?
Map, may migrate over time
83
Dx of geographic tongue
- usually on dorsal surface of tongue
- asymptomatic but associated with burning when eating spicy or acidic food
84
What is hairy tongue?
Dark, elongated filiform papillae stained with chromeogenic microorganisms giving the appearance of hair
85
What causes hairy tongue to be black
Smoking and coffee
86
Dx of hairy tongue
Black hairy appearance on dorsum of tongue
87
Treatment of hairy tongue
Good oral hygiene including scrubbing tongue
88
What is mucocele?
Mucus retention cyst
89
How does mucocele form?
As a result of ruptured or obstructed salivary gland
90
Where is mucocele commonly found?
Inner surface of lower lip
91
What are carries?
Cavities
92
What is the most common cause of dental pain?
Carries
93
Focal erythema, swelling and fluctuance with possible sinus tract suggests which condition?
Periapical/Periodontal abscess
94
Where does pericoronitis commonly occur?
3rd molar
95
What is the primary treatment of dental carries?
Drill n fill
96
For very deep cavities, how long may a temporary filling be left in place?
6-10weeks
97
What is the most common material for fillings and how long does it last?
Silver amalgam, lasts 14 years on average
98
If used with rubber dam, how long can an amalgam filling last?
Over 40 years
99
What happens to composite resins when it hardens?
Shrinks
100
What are glass ionomers?
Same aesthetic as composite but without shrinkage and slowly releases fluoride
101
Characteristics of Intermediate restorative materials
- contains eugenol to relieve pain
- easy to remove or re contour
- not good for rebuilding fractured teeth
102
Glass ionomer characteristics
- good for rebuilding teeth
- good for bonding splints
103
What is tempbond/dycal good for?
Temporarily re-bond prosthetic
104
What training should IDCs promote?
Oral hygiene
105
Dental class 2 characteristics
- routine treatment needs that can be delayed for 12 months
- world wide deployable
106
Is dental class 3 worldwide deployable?
Nope
107
What effects does tobacco have on the oral cavity?
Yellow intrinsic staining
Black/brown extrinsic teeth staining
Xerostomia or lack of saliva production which leads to higher carries
Vasoconstrictions which leads to gingival recession and eventual tooth loss
Throat, mouth and lip cancer
108
Which instruction is for Tobacco Cessation?
BUMEDINST 6200.12A
109
What is calculus?
Tartar, hardened form of dental plaque
110
How long does it take for calculus to form?
Little as 24 hours
111
What can excessive calculus cause?
Migrates subgingivally and assist in periodontitis
112
What can cause intrinsic staining?
Necrotic pulp, certain medications or high fever, long term smoking or coffee drinking
113
What can cause extrinsic staining?
Plaque and calculus from coffee, wine, tobacco and certain beans
114
What is halitosis?
Bad breath
115
What underlying medical conditions can cause halitosis?
Liver failure and ketoacidosis
116
How can halitosis be reverse?
Oral hygiene including flossing
