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Dental > Dental review > Flashcards

Dental review Flashcards

1
Q

What initiates the breakdown of starch?

A

Salivary amylase

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2
Q

What breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids?

A

Lingual lipase

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3
Q

What structure is keratinized?

A

Hard palate

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4
Q

What structures are non-keratinized?

A

Soft palate

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5
Q

What is the crown of the tooth?

A

Visible region above the level of the gums

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6
Q

The neck of the tooth where cementum and enamel meet is called?

A

Cementumal Enamel Junction

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7
Q

What is the hardest substance in the body?

A

The enamel

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8
Q

The opening of the base of the root canal is called?

A

Apical Foramen

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9
Q

What passes through the apical foramen?

A

Blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves

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10
Q

What is the ligament that attaches the cementum to the root?

A

Periodontal ligament

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11
Q

What is the alveolar process?

A

Tissue of the attachment apparatus which is the thickened ridge of bone that contains the tooth sockets (alveoli) on bones that hold teeth in the maxilla and mandible

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12
Q

What are the different types of teeth?

A

Incisors, canines, premolars, molars

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13
Q

What are the most posterior molars called?

A

Wisdom teeth

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14
Q

How many teeth do adults have?

A

32

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15
Q

The top of the mouth is called?

A

Maxillary arch

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16
Q

What is the only moveable skull bone?

A

Mandible

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17
Q

Which cranial nerve is most commonly dealt with for dental?

A

Trigeminal, CN V

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18
Q

Which anesthetic is used for dental anesthesia?

A

0.5% Bupivacaine/Marcaine

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19
Q

What is local infiltration?

A

Deposition of local anesthetic directly at or near a small terminal nerve ending in the immediate area of treatment

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20
Q

What is a regional block/tooth nerve block?

A

Deposition of local anesthetic near a major nerve trunk at a greater distance from the area of treatment which provides a wider area of anesthesia

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21
Q

When is an Inferior Alveolar (IA) block used?

A
  • For anesthesia of entire hemi mandible
  • For fracture repair, removal of teeth or pain control
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22
Q

What is the target site of IA block?

A

Lingula

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23
Q

Where do you place the barrel for IA blocks?

A

Commissure of mouth opposite to the injection site

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24
Q

What is concussion of a tooth?

A

Minor injury to the tooth supporting structures without abnormal loosening or displacement of the tooth

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25
Q

What is the treatment of concussion of a tooth?

A

No treatment required

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26
Q

What is subluxation of a tooth?

A

Traumatic injury that results in a tooth, to varying degrees, loose in the socket

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27
Q

What is the treatment of subluxation?

A
  • Gentle manipulation into proper position
  • Splint if necessary
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28
Q

What is tooth avulsion?

A

Traumatic injury where the tooth has been removed from the socket

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29
Q

How do you treat a tooth avulsion?

A
  • Administer local anesthesia or regional intraoral block
  • Reimplant tooth in socket or place tooth in Hank’s solution, milk, saline or saliva
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30
Q

A completely avulsed tooth maybe retained if placed in socket within what time frame?

A

30min - 1hour

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31
Q

What are the types of tooth fractures?

A
  • only enamel
  • expose dentin
  • expose pulp
  • include the root
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32
Q

Treatment of enamel fractures

A
  • smooth edges
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33
Q

Sx of dental pulp fracture

A

Sensitivity to cold, air and water

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34
Q

Treatment of dental pulp fracture

A
  • mild analgesic
  • filling with crown
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35
Q

Treatment of mandibular fracture

A

Immobilize jaw with barton bandage

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36
Q

What is pulpitis?

A

Inflammation of dental pulp resulting from untreated caries, trauma or multiple restorations

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37
Q

Principle sx of pulpitis

A

Pain

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38
Q

Treatment of pulpitis

A
  • remove decay
  • restore damaged tooth, sometimes root canal
  • extraction of tooth as last line of treatment
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39
Q

Sx of reversible pulpitis

A

Pain with cold or sweets, pain ceases within 1-2 seconds

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40
Q

Sx of irreversible pulpitis

A

Pain that lingers minutes after stimulus

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41
Q

Treatment of reversible pulpitis

A

Drill and fill

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42
Q

Treatment of irreversible pulpitis

A

Root canal then crown

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43
Q

Apical periodontitis and osteomyelitis can lead to?

A

Ludwig’s angina

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44
Q

What is periapical abscess?

A

Collection of pus at the apex of a tooth, usually caused by an infection that has spread from the apical foramen of a tooth with irreversible pulpitis to surrounding tissues

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45
Q

What is the sequelae of periapical perionditis?

A

Periapical abscess

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46
Q

What is a periodontal abscess?

A

Collection of pus that occurs alongside of a tooth

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47
Q

Abscesses may spread to where?

A

Cheeks

48
Q

Treatment of abscesses

A

Drainage via I&D

49
Q

What is gingivitis?

A

Inflammation of gingiva with swelling, redness, exudate and discomfort

50
Q

What is the gingiva?

A

Firm, tightly adapted to the teeth, and contoured with pink stippled tissue

51
Q

What is the most common cause of gingivitis?

A

Poor oral hygiene

52
Q

Why does poor oral hygiene cause gingivitis?

A

Pockets of bacteria may cause gingivitis and root carries
Xerostomia may also play a role

53
Q

What could chronic gingivitis evolve into?

A

Periodontitis

54
Q

What is primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

A

Mild, self limiting, viral infection

55
Q

Sx of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

A
  • fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, malaise
  • numerous pin head vesicles which rupture and ulcer on the perioral skin
  • severe painful gingivitis while eating
56
Q

Treatment of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

A
  • self limiting, heals within 7-14 days
  • acyclovir 200-800mg 5x per day
  • magic mouth wash
57
Q

Which part of magic mouth wash provides anesthetic relief?

A

2% viscous lidocaine

58
Q

What is recurrent herpes simplex?

A

Mild, self limiting re-manifestation of herpes simplex

59
Q

How is herpes simplex differentiated?

A

Intraoral herpes simplex and herpes labialis

60
Q

What is herpes labialis commonly called?

A

“cold sores”“fever blisters”

61
Q

Prodromal sx of intraoral herpes simplex

A

Pain, burning, tingling and itching where vesicles develop

62
Q

Treatment of herpes simplex

A
  • self limiting
  • acyclovir 200-800mg 5x per day
63
Q

Where is herpes labialis primarily found?

A

Vermillion border and/or commissure of lips

64
Q

Treatment of herpes labialis

A

Topical AAA at first sign of prodrome or lesion

65
Q

What is necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?

A

Common, severe, non contagious bacterial infection of the gums with sudden onset

66
Q

What is NUG commonly called?

A

” trench mouth” “vincent’s angina”

67
Q

What causes NUG?

A

Opportunistic Fusobacteria and spirochetes as a result of immunosuppression

68
Q

Dx of NUG

A
  • punched out appearance with grey pseudo membrance
  • foul breath
  • rapid onset malaise or fever
69
Q

Treatment of NUG

A
  • magic mouthwash
  • after 24-48 hours of improve, gentle debridge
70
Q

What is oral candidiasis?

A

Opportunistic fungal overgrowth of the lining of the mouth

71
Q

Dx of oral candidiasis

A
  • white curdled milk or cottage cheese buildup
72
Q

Treatment of oral candidiasis

A

Fluconazole 100mg x 7days

73
Q

What is another name for oral candidiasis?

A

Thrush

74
Q

What are aphthous ulcers?

A

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis or canker sores

75
Q

Dx of aphthous ulcers

A
  • prodrome burning or itching
  • 1/4to 6mm round ulcerations with yellow-gray fibrinoid with erythemix halos
76
Q

Treatment of aphthous ulcers

A
  • self healing, 10-14 days
  • topical corticosteroids
77
Q

What is temporomandibular disorders?

A

Umbrella term for conditions producing dysfunction of the jaw joint or pain in the jaw and face

78
Q

What can cause temporomandibular disorders?

A

Arthritis

79
Q

What are some temporomandibular disorders?

A
  • internal joint derangement
  • infectious arthritis
  • condylar hyperplasia
  • condylar hypoplasia
80
Q

Treatment of temporomandibular disorders?

A

NSAIDs, splint if necessary, refer to dental

81
Q

What is geographic tongue?

A

Benign migratory glossitis from changing patterns on dorsum and edges of tongue

82
Q

What does geographic tongue resemble?

A

Map, may migrate over time

83
Q

Dx of geographic tongue

A
  • usually on dorsal surface of tongue
  • asymptomatic but associated with burning when eating spicy or acidic food
84
Q

What is hairy tongue?

A

Dark, elongated filiform papillae stained with chromeogenic microorganisms giving the appearance of hair

85
Q

What causes hairy tongue to be black

A

Smoking and coffee

86
Q

Dx of hairy tongue

A

Black hairy appearance on dorsum of tongue

87
Q

Treatment of hairy tongue

A

Good oral hygiene including scrubbing tongue

88
Q

What is mucocele?

A

Mucus retention cyst

89
Q

How does mucocele form?

A

As a result of ruptured or obstructed salivary gland

90
Q

Where is mucocele commonly found?

A

Inner surface of lower lip

91
Q

What are carries?

A

Cavities

92
Q

What is the most common cause of dental pain?

A

Carries

93
Q

Focal erythema, swelling and fluctuance with possible sinus tract suggests which condition?

A

Periapical/Periodontal abscess

94
Q

Where does pericoronitis commonly occur?

A

3rd molar

95
Q

What is the primary treatment of dental carries?

A

Drill n fill

96
Q

For very deep cavities, how long may a temporary filling be left in place?

A

6-10weeks

97
Q

What is the most common material for fillings and how long does it last?

A

Silver amalgam, lasts 14 years on average

98
Q

If used with rubber dam, how long can an amalgam filling last?

A

Over 40 years

99
Q

What happens to composite resins when it hardens?

A

Shrinks

100
Q

What are glass ionomers?

A

Same aesthetic as composite but without shrinkage and slowly releases fluoride

101
Q

Characteristics of Intermediate restorative materials

A
  • contains eugenol to relieve pain
  • easy to remove or re contour
  • not good for rebuilding fractured teeth
102
Q

Glass ionomer characteristics

A
  • good for rebuilding teeth
  • good for bonding splints
103
Q

What is tempbond/dycal good for?

A

Temporarily re-bond prosthetic

104
Q

What training should IDCs promote?

A

Oral hygiene

105
Q

Dental class 2 characteristics

A
  • routine treatment needs that can be delayed for 12 months
  • world wide deployable
106
Q

Is dental class 3 worldwide deployable?

A

Nope

107
Q

What effects does tobacco have on the oral cavity?

A

Yellow intrinsic staining
Black/brown extrinsic teeth staining
Xerostomia or lack of saliva production which leads to higher carries
Vasoconstrictions which leads to gingival recession and eventual tooth loss
Throat, mouth and lip cancer

108
Q

Which instruction is for Tobacco Cessation?

A

BUMEDINST 6200.12A

109
Q

What is calculus?

A

Tartar, hardened form of dental plaque

110
Q

How long does it take for calculus to form?

A

Little as 24 hours

111
Q

What can excessive calculus cause?

A

Migrates subgingivally and assist in periodontitis

112
Q

What can cause intrinsic staining?

A

Necrotic pulp, certain medications or high fever, long term smoking or coffee drinking

113
Q

What can cause extrinsic staining?

A

Plaque and calculus from coffee, wine, tobacco and certain beans

114
Q

What is halitosis?

A

Bad breath

115
Q

What underlying medical conditions can cause halitosis?

A

Liver failure and ketoacidosis

116
Q

How can halitosis be reverse?

A

Oral hygiene including flossing

Dental (3 decks)

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