DENTAL Flashcards
What initiates the breakdown of starch
Salivary amylase
What breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids
Lingual lipase
What is covered by keratinized mucous membrane?
The hard palate
What is covered with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Cheeks (buccal), Lips, soft palate, tongue
What are the three regions of a tooth
Crown, neck and root
What is the most visible region of the tooth
Crown
Where does the enamel and cementum meet
The CEJ cementumal enamel junction
What is the tissue of the tooth that covers the crown
The enamel (enamel is the hardest substance in the body)
What is the tissue that forms the majority of the tooth and gives the tooth its basic shape and rigidity?
Dentin (it is harder than bone)
What is the connective tissue of the tooth that contains blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic vessels
The pulp
What is the attachment apparatus which covers the dentin of the roots
Cementum
What does the attachment apparatus consist of?
Cementum
Alveolar process
Periodontal ligament
What are the four different types of teeth
Molar
Premolar
Canine
Incisor
What is tooth number 1
The right maxillary 3rd molar
What is tooth number 16
The left maxillary 3rd molar
What is tooth number 17
The left mandibular 3rd molar
What is tooth number 32
The right mandibular 3rd molar
How many total teeth do we have
32
28 if your wisdom teeth are taken out
What is the only moveable skull bone
The mandible
What is cranial nerve #5 associated with
The lingual nerve
What does medial mean
Toward midline
What does distal mean
Away from the midline
What anesthetic is used in dentistry
0.5 % bupivacaine/ Marcaine
Because it lasts longer
What is the deposition of local anesthetic directly at or near small terminal nerve endings in the immediate area of treatment
Local infiltration
What is the deposition of local anesthetic near a major nerve trunk at a greater distance from the area of treatment
Regional block
What reduces the need of oral analgesics
Tooth block or oral nerve block
What block is used for fracture repair, removal of teeth or pain control and is anesthesia of the entire hemi-mandible
IA (inferior alveolar) block
not for post op care
What is the target site for an IA block
The lingula
What is the treatment for a concussion of a tooth
Usually no treatment required
If someone is experiencing pain and slight mobility but the tooth is still in the socket what is this
Subluxation of a tooth, generally caused from a traumatic injury
What is the treatment for a subluxation of a tooth
Gentle manipulation and splint
What is it called when a tooth has been completely removed from the socket
Avulsion
What is the treatment for an avulsion of a tooth
Rinse tooth with saline, DO NOT scrub, give the patient an IA block, replace the tooth in socket, splint the tooth and administer antibiotics
If reimplantation of the tooth is unsuccessful, what will you place the avulsed tooth in?
isotonic solutions such as, hanks solution, milk, saline or saliva
NOT water
A completely avulsed tooth may be retained if replaced in the socket within what minimal time frame
30 minutes to 1 hour
If a fractured tooth only involves the enamel, meaning they may have some sensitivity but not to the cold, what is the treatment plan
Smooth the edges
If someone exhibits sensitivity to cold air and water and only the dentin is exposed but not the dental pulp what is the treatment
Treatment includes mild analgesic and refer to dental
Definitive treatment is restoration of the tooth (drill and fill) with white composite filling
If the pulp is exposed, indicated by bleeding of the tooth what is the treatment
Refer to dental
Definitive treatment is a root canal
For someone who has a mandible fracture what is the treatment
Immobilize the jaw (Barton bandage) and refer
What is the inflammation of the dental pulp resulting from untreated caries, trauma or multiple restorations
Pulpitis
If someone has pain once cold & percussion is applied to the affected tooth but the pain subsides within 1-2 seconds, what type of pulpitis is this
Reversible
If pain lingers following cold and percussion of a tooth, what kind of pulpitis is this
Irreversible
How is reversible pulpitis treated
Caries removal and then restored
How is irreversible pulpitis treated
Root canal or tooth extraction as a last resort
Infectious sequelae of pulpitis includes what
Apical periodontitis
Periapical abscess
Cellulitis
Osteomyelitis of the jaw
Spread of infection from the mandibular teeth, (I.e infected mandible floor) will present with a firm floor and is indicative of what?
Ludwigs angina
Periapical periodontitis is an acute or chronic inflammatory lesion around the apex of the tooth root which is usually caused by a bacterial invasion from the pulp of a necrotic tooth, what might be some symptoms of this
Painful response to biting and/or percussion. May or may not be accompanied by radio graphic changes.
Asymptomatic: appears in radiograph but no pain with biting or percussion
What is a collection of pus at the apex of a tooth usually caused by an infection
Periapical abscess
What is a collection of pus within the periodontium that occurs ALONGSIDE a tooth
Periodontal abscess
What is the treatment for a periodontal abscess
Systemic pain relief
Drainage via gentle irrigation and dental scaling
Antibiotics
What is the treatment for Periapical abscess
Systemic pain relief
DRAINAGE VIA I&D
Antibiotics
Refer to dental for root canal therapy or tooth extraction as a last resort
What is the most common cause of gingivitis
Poor oral hygiene
Chronic gingivitis may evolve into what
Periodontitis
What is a common, mild, self limiting viral infection of the mouth
Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
What is primary herpetic gingivostomatits also known as
Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis
If someone presents with fever, cervical LAD, malaise and numerous pin-head vessicles, as well as may have some difficulty eating due to severe/painful gingivitis what might be their diagnosis
Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis
What is the treatment for herpetic gingivostomatitis
Less than 14 days = self resolves
More than 14 days = antivirals (acyclovir)
Magic mouth wash for pain control
What is the ratio for magic mouth wash
1:1:1
2% viscous lidocaine
Liquid diphenhydramine
Kaopectate or malox
What is herpes labialis also known as and how does it present
Cold sores/ fever blisters
Pain, burning, itching, tingling where vesicles develop
What is the treatment for cold sores/fever blisters
Usually self limiting
May require topical antivirals
What is NUG also known as and how will it present
Trench mouth or Vincent’s angina
Overwhelming foul breath, punched out appearance and are covered by a grey pseudo membrane
As well as low WBC
What is the treatment for nug
Magic mouth wash and 24-48 hours after mouth wash, debride gently with a hand scaler or ultrasonic device
What is oral candidiasis aka thrush
An opportunistic fungal/yeast overgrowth of the lining in the mouth
How does thrush appear
White, curdled milk, or cottage cheese appearance like build up on dorsum of the tongue, soft palate or oropharynx
How is thrush treated
Antifungal treatment Fluconazole 100mg x 7 days
What is aphithous ulcers also known as
CANKER SORES
How will canker sores present
Burning or itching
1/4 to 6mm round erythema halo found on non-keratinized tissue
What is the treatment for canker sores
Self healing in 10-14 days
Topical corticosteroid in adhesive base may provide symptomatic relief
What is an umbrella term for a condition producing dysfunction of the jaw joint or pain in the jaw/face
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD)
What is associated with TMD
Internal joint derangement
Infectious arthritis
Condylar hyperplasia
Condylar hypoplasia
What is the treatment for someone who presents with jaw soreness and popping
NSAIDs, splint and refer to dental
What is benign migratory glossitis
Geographic tongue
How does geographic tongue present
Often resembles a map, and may migrate over time
Usually asymptomatic however may be associated with burning when eating spicy food or acidic food
What is a dark enlongated filiform papillae stained by chromeogenic microorganisms giving the appearance of hair called
Hair tongue
What is the treatment for hair tongue
Good oral hygiene including scrubbing of the tongue
Remove predisposition factors such as smoking, coffee drinking, and sometimes occurs with certain medications
What is a mucous retention cyst called and where is it most commonly found
Mucocele
Found on the inner surface of the lower lip
What are caries also known as
Cavities
What is the most common source of tooth pain
Carries
What is pulpitis
May result from chronic carries
Focal erythema, swelling with possible sinus tract would suggest a Periapical or periodontal abscess
If someone recently had a dental extraction and it is continuing to bleed what will you do
Direct pressure
Where does perocoronitis happen
3rd molars
What is the primary treatment for carries
Drill and fill
For deep cavities how long can a temp filling be left in place
6-10 weeks
What is the most common material used for fillings
Silver amalgam, last 14 years
If you use a rubber dam for treatment how long will it typically last
40 year
Crowns and veneers for anterior teeth consist of what
Covered in porcelain
What has a more acceptable appearance for fillings but has shrinkage
Composite resins
Glass iononers provide same appearance but without shrinkage
What is used for fillings and contains eugonal to relieve pain, is easy to removed and contour
Intermediate restorative material
What material is good for bonding splints
Glass ionomer (Fuji)
What is used to temporarily rebound a prosthetic
Dycal
If you have someone who has frequent carries what is the best way to manage that patient
Promote good oral hygiene
What dental class can have treatment delayed for 12 months and is world wide deployable
Dental class 2
What may lead to higher caries
Xerostomia or lack of saliva
What leads to gingival recession and eventual tooth loss
Vasoconstrictions
What is the single most preventable cause of illness and death
Smoking
What is the instruction for tobacco sensation
BUMEDINST 6200.12A
How soon can calcus of teeth occur
24 hours
What is intrinsic staining
Occurs when the tooth is internally stained as a result necrotic pulp, certain medications or high fever while teeth are developing
What is extrinsic staining
Occurs when an outside source stains the teeth such as coffee, wine or tobacco
Halitosis can also result from what underlying medical conditions
Liver failure or ketoacidosis
What is the treatment for halitosis
Good oral hygiene to include flossing, sugar free gum, or mouth rinse
and may take 48 hours to resolve
What is the purpose of an emergency dental exam
To exam the area of pain
Red sores, no pain what do you do
Refer to dental
White sores, non tender what do you do
Refer to dental
For tooth fractures will they get SIQ
No
