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Dental > DENTAL > Flashcards

DENTAL Flashcards

1
Q

What initiates the breakdown of starch

A

Salivary amylase

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2
Q

What breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids

A

Lingual lipase

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3
Q

What is covered by keratinized mucous membrane?

A

The hard palate

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4
Q

What is covered with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A

Cheeks (buccal), Lips, soft palate, tongue

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5
Q

What are the three regions of a tooth

A

Crown, neck and root

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6
Q

What is the most visible region of the tooth

A

Crown

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7
Q

Where does the enamel and cementum meet

A

The CEJ cementumal enamel junction

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8
Q

What is the tissue of the tooth that covers the crown

A

The enamel (enamel is the hardest substance in the body)

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9
Q

What is the tissue that forms the majority of the tooth and gives the tooth its basic shape and rigidity?

A

Dentin (it is harder than bone)

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10
Q

What is the connective tissue of the tooth that contains blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic vessels

A

The pulp

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11
Q

What is the attachment apparatus which covers the dentin of the roots

A

Cementum

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12
Q

What does the attachment apparatus consist of?

A

Cementum
Alveolar process
Periodontal ligament

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13
Q

What are the four different types of teeth

A

Molar
Premolar
Canine
Incisor

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14
Q

What is tooth number 1

A

The right maxillary 3rd molar

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15
Q

What is tooth number 16

A

The left maxillary 3rd molar

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16
Q

What is tooth number 17

A

The left mandibular 3rd molar

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17
Q

What is tooth number 32

A

The right mandibular 3rd molar

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18
Q

How many total teeth do we have

A

32

28 if your wisdom teeth are taken out

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19
Q

What is the only moveable skull bone

A

The mandible

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20
Q

What is cranial nerve #5 associated with

A

The lingual nerve

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21
Q

What does medial mean

A

Toward midline

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22
Q

What does distal mean

A

Away from the midline

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23
Q

What anesthetic is used in dentistry

A

0.5 % bupivacaine/ Marcaine
Because it lasts longer

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24
Q

What is the deposition of local anesthetic directly at or near small terminal nerve endings in the immediate area of treatment

A

Local infiltration

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25
Q

What is the deposition of local anesthetic near a major nerve trunk at a greater distance from the area of treatment

A

Regional block

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26
Q

What reduces the need of oral analgesics

A

Tooth block or oral nerve block

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27
Q

What block is used for fracture repair, removal of teeth or pain control and is anesthesia of the entire hemi-mandible

A

IA (inferior alveolar) block

not for post op care

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28
Q

What is the target site for an IA block

A

The lingula

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29
Q

What is the treatment for a concussion of a tooth

A

Usually no treatment required

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30
Q

If someone is experiencing pain and slight mobility but the tooth is still in the socket what is this

A

Subluxation of a tooth, generally caused from a traumatic injury

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31
Q

What is the treatment for a subluxation of a tooth

A

Gentle manipulation and splint

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32
Q

What is it called when a tooth has been completely removed from the socket

A

Avulsion

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33
Q

What is the treatment for an avulsion of a tooth

A

Rinse tooth with saline, DO NOT scrub, give the patient an IA block, replace the tooth in socket, splint the tooth and administer antibiotics

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34
Q

If reimplantation of the tooth is unsuccessful, what will you place the avulsed tooth in?

A

isotonic solutions such as, hanks solution, milk, saline or saliva

NOT water

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35
Q

A completely avulsed tooth may be retained if replaced in the socket within what minimal time frame

A

30 minutes to 1 hour

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36
Q

If a fractured tooth only involves the enamel, meaning they may have some sensitivity but not to the cold, what is the treatment plan

A

Smooth the edges

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37
Q

If someone exhibits sensitivity to cold air and water and only the dentin is exposed but not the dental pulp what is the treatment

A

Treatment includes mild analgesic and refer to dental

Definitive treatment is restoration of the tooth (drill and fill) with white composite filling

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38
Q

If the pulp is exposed, indicated by bleeding of the tooth what is the treatment

A

Refer to dental

Definitive treatment is a root canal

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39
Q

For someone who has a mandible fracture what is the treatment

A

Immobilize the jaw (Barton bandage) and refer

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40
Q

What is the inflammation of the dental pulp resulting from untreated caries, trauma or multiple restorations

A

Pulpitis

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41
Q

If someone has pain once cold & percussion is applied to the affected tooth but the pain subsides within 1-2 seconds, what type of pulpitis is this

A

Reversible

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42
Q

If pain lingers following cold and percussion of a tooth, what kind of pulpitis is this

A

Irreversible

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43
Q

How is reversible pulpitis treated

A

Caries removal and then restored

44
Q

How is irreversible pulpitis treated

A

Root canal or tooth extraction as a last resort

45
Q

Infectious sequelae of pulpitis includes what

A

Apical periodontitis
Periapical abscess
Cellulitis
Osteomyelitis of the jaw

46
Q

Spread of infection from the mandibular teeth, (I.e infected mandible floor) will present with a firm floor and is indicative of what?

A

Ludwigs angina

47
Q

Periapical periodontitis is an acute or chronic inflammatory lesion around the apex of the tooth root which is usually caused by a bacterial invasion from the pulp of a necrotic tooth, what might be some symptoms of this

A

Painful response to biting and/or percussion. May or may not be accompanied by radio graphic changes.

Asymptomatic: appears in radiograph but no pain with biting or percussion

48
Q

What is a collection of pus at the apex of a tooth usually caused by an infection

A

Periapical abscess

49
Q

What is a collection of pus within the periodontium that occurs ALONGSIDE a tooth

A

Periodontal abscess

50
Q

What is the treatment for a periodontal abscess

A

Systemic pain relief
Drainage via gentle irrigation and dental scaling
Antibiotics

51
Q

What is the treatment for Periapical abscess

A

Systemic pain relief
DRAINAGE VIA I&D
Antibiotics
Refer to dental for root canal therapy or tooth extraction as a last resort

52
Q

What is the most common cause of gingivitis

A

Poor oral hygiene

53
Q

Chronic gingivitis may evolve into what

A

Periodontitis

54
Q

What is a common, mild, self limiting viral infection of the mouth

A

Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

55
Q

What is primary herpetic gingivostomatits also known as

A

Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis

56
Q

If someone presents with fever, cervical LAD, malaise and numerous pin-head vessicles, as well as may have some difficulty eating due to severe/painful gingivitis what might be their diagnosis

A

Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis

57
Q

What is the treatment for herpetic gingivostomatitis

A

Less than 14 days = self resolves

More than 14 days = antivirals (acyclovir)

Magic mouth wash for pain control

58
Q

What is the ratio for magic mouth wash

A

1:1:1

2% viscous lidocaine
Liquid diphenhydramine
Kaopectate or malox

59
Q

What is herpes labialis also known as and how does it present

A

Cold sores/ fever blisters

Pain, burning, itching, tingling where vesicles develop

60
Q

What is the treatment for cold sores/fever blisters

A

Usually self limiting

May require topical antivirals

61
Q

What is NUG also known as and how will it present

A

Trench mouth or Vincent’s angina

Overwhelming foul breath, punched out appearance and are covered by a grey pseudo membrane
As well as low WBC

62
Q

What is the treatment for nug

A

Magic mouth wash and 24-48 hours after mouth wash, debride gently with a hand scaler or ultrasonic device

63
Q

What is oral candidiasis aka thrush

A

An opportunistic fungal/yeast overgrowth of the lining in the mouth

64
Q

How does thrush appear

A

White, curdled milk, or cottage cheese appearance like build up on dorsum of the tongue, soft palate or oropharynx

65
Q

How is thrush treated

A

Antifungal treatment Fluconazole 100mg x 7 days

66
Q

What is aphithous ulcers also known as

A

CANKER SORES

67
Q

How will canker sores present

A

Burning or itching
1/4 to 6mm round erythema halo found on non-keratinized tissue

68
Q

What is the treatment for canker sores

A

Self healing in 10-14 days

Topical corticosteroid in adhesive base may provide symptomatic relief

69
Q

What is an umbrella term for a condition producing dysfunction of the jaw joint or pain in the jaw/face

A

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD)

70
Q

What is associated with TMD

A

Internal joint derangement
Infectious arthritis
Condylar hyperplasia
Condylar hypoplasia

71
Q

What is the treatment for someone who presents with jaw soreness and popping

A

NSAIDs, splint and refer to dental

72
Q

What is benign migratory glossitis

A

Geographic tongue

73
Q

How does geographic tongue present

A

Often resembles a map, and may migrate over time

Usually asymptomatic however may be associated with burning when eating spicy food or acidic food

74
Q

What is a dark enlongated filiform papillae stained by chromeogenic microorganisms giving the appearance of hair called

A

Hair tongue

75
Q

What is the treatment for hair tongue

A

Good oral hygiene including scrubbing of the tongue
Remove predisposition factors such as smoking, coffee drinking, and sometimes occurs with certain medications

76
Q

What is a mucous retention cyst called and where is it most commonly found

A

Mucocele

Found on the inner surface of the lower lip

77
Q

What are caries also known as

A

Cavities

78
Q

What is the most common source of tooth pain

A

Carries

79
Q

What is pulpitis

A

May result from chronic carries

Focal erythema, swelling with possible sinus tract would suggest a Periapical or periodontal abscess

80
Q

If someone recently had a dental extraction and it is continuing to bleed what will you do

A

Direct pressure

81
Q

Where does perocoronitis happen

A

3rd molars

82
Q

What is the primary treatment for carries

A

Drill and fill

83
Q

For deep cavities how long can a temp filling be left in place

A

6-10 weeks

84
Q

What is the most common material used for fillings

A

Silver amalgam, last 14 years

85
Q

If you use a rubber dam for treatment how long will it typically last

A

40 year

86
Q

Crowns and veneers for anterior teeth consist of what

A

Covered in porcelain

87
Q

What has a more acceptable appearance for fillings but has shrinkage

A

Composite resins

Glass iononers provide same appearance but without shrinkage

88
Q

What is used for fillings and contains eugonal to relieve pain, is easy to removed and contour

A

Intermediate restorative material

89
Q

What material is good for bonding splints

A

Glass ionomer (Fuji)

90
Q

What is used to temporarily rebound a prosthetic

A

Dycal

91
Q

If you have someone who has frequent carries what is the best way to manage that patient

A

Promote good oral hygiene

92
Q

What dental class can have treatment delayed for 12 months and is world wide deployable

A

Dental class 2

93
Q

What may lead to higher caries

A

Xerostomia or lack of saliva

94
Q

What leads to gingival recession and eventual tooth loss

A

Vasoconstrictions

95
Q

What is the single most preventable cause of illness and death

A

Smoking

96
Q

What is the instruction for tobacco sensation

A

BUMEDINST 6200.12A

97
Q

How soon can calcus of teeth occur

A

24 hours

98
Q

What is intrinsic staining

A

Occurs when the tooth is internally stained as a result necrotic pulp, certain medications or high fever while teeth are developing

99
Q

What is extrinsic staining

A

Occurs when an outside source stains the teeth such as coffee, wine or tobacco

100
Q

Halitosis can also result from what underlying medical conditions

A

Liver failure or ketoacidosis

101
Q

What is the treatment for halitosis

A

Good oral hygiene to include flossing, sugar free gum, or mouth rinse
and may take 48 hours to resolve

102
Q

What is the purpose of an emergency dental exam

A

To exam the area of pain

103
Q

Red sores, no pain what do you do

A

Refer to dental

104
Q

White sores, non tender what do you do

A

Refer to dental

105
Q

For tooth fractures will they get SIQ

A

No

Dental (3 decks)

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