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Dental material > Dental pt1 > Flashcards

Dental pt1 Flashcards

1
Q

Surface phenomena include

A

Surface tension
Wetting
Adhesion
Adsorption
Capillary action
(draw pic to memorize)

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2
Q

Surface energy

A

atoms, molecules surfaces liquids, solids > E interior

(E extrovert > introvert)

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3
Q

Surface E of liquid aka

A

surface tension

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4
Q

effect surface tension

A

form drops

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5
Q

Def wetting

A

degree spreading liquid drop on solid surface

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6
Q

Good wetting promotes, indicates

A

capillary penetration
adhesion
strong attraction liquid, solid

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7
Q

Degrees wetting

A

0: complete wetting
low: good wetting
>90: poor wetting

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8
Q

Example wetting

A

Hg NO spreads on glass -> poor wetting
H2O spreads on glass -> good wetting
bonding agent spreads on tooth surface - good wetting -> penetration, adhesion composite

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9
Q

Degree wetting etched enamel - bond

A

0
complete wetting

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10
Q

Degree wetting acrylic - H20

A

75

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11
Q

Degree wetting amalgam - H2O

A

80

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12
Q

Degree wetting teflon - H2O

A

110

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13
Q

Adsorption def

A

to reduce surface energy -> atoms, molecules mobile will concentrate at high energy surfaces

(pic at high level ->mobile conc at high E surface)

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14
Q

Example adsoprtion

A

charcoal dust - absorb quantities gas
soap molecules concentrate at surface H2O -> reduction surface E

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15
Q

Adsorption effect strongest

A

strongest - large E saving -> surface covered -> slows down

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16
Q

Capillary penetration formula

A

h=2ycosO/rdg

h: capillary elevation
y: surface tension
O: contact angle
r: tube radius
d: liquid’s density
g: gravitational constant

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17
Q

Penetration coeff (cm/s)

A

PC= ycosO/2n

y: surface tension
O: contact angle
n: viscosity

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18
Q

Def penetration coeff

A

rate movement liquid into capillary space

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19
Q

Penetration coeff PC depends on

A

surface tension
contact angle
viscosity
(formula)

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20
Q

PC fluoride gel

A

0.05 cm/s
(fluoride lowest -> 0.05 (like the movie) -> photopol. 1.72 -> chem. 4.9

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21
Q

PC fissure sealant/ photopol.

A

1.72 cm/s

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22
Q

PC fissure sealant/ chem.

A

4.9 cm/s

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23
Q

Def adhesion

A

attachment material in contact that resists forces separation

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24
Q

Example adhesion in dental

A

porcelains - metals
resins - tooth
denture base - mucosa

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25
Q

Retentive force def

A

capillary space btw denture, mucosa

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26
Q

Retentive force formula

A

F=2CA/a

F: retentive force
C: surface tension
A: extent surface
a: thickness fluid film

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27
Q

Classification bonding adhesive bonding

A
  1. Mech adhesion
    a. Microscopic penetration
    b. Stresses
  2. Diffusion -1 phase diffusion -> penetrates surface 2nd phase -> hybrid layer (composite 2 materials)
  3. Chem adhesion
    a. 1st valence forces: ionic, covalent, metallic
    b. 2nd valence forces (van der waals)
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28
Q

Mech adhesion depends on

A

interlocking 2 phases
include microscopic attachments (penetration)

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29
Q

Ex mech adhesion dental

A

resin bonding to etched enamel
stresses of porc around metal core

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30
Q

Mech adhesion model (size surface irregularities)

A

macromech retention (sandstone)
micromech retention (HF etching, sand blasting)

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31
Q

Def diffusion bonding

A

1 phase diffusion -> penetrates surface 2nd phase -> hybrid layer (composite 2 materials)

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32
Q

Factors affects strength adhesive bonding

A

cleanliness
corrosive envi
PC
chem rxn
shrinkage adhesive (poly shrinkage stress)
thermal stress

(strength bonding - outside, within
-> outside - cleanliness ; corrosive envi ; how interxs w/ ppl (chem rxn)
-> within - how i penetrates (PC) ; hot tempered stress (thermal stress) ; polyadhesive stress)

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33
Q

enamel charac

A

highly mineralized

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34
Q

steps adhesion to enamel

A

35-50% phosphoric acid - selective demin -> hydroPHOBIC resins/adhesives penetrates -> form tags -> bond strength thru mech interlocking (20-22MPa)

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35
Q

Ad adhesion to enamels steps

A

restorative/ min invasive cavity prep
>< amalgam fillings (box form prep)

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36
Q

steps adhesion to dentin

A
  1. conditioning/ acid etching
    a. dissolves smear layer
    b. partially declc dentin to 5um
    c. opens dentinal tubules
  2. resin impregnation
    a. hydroPHILIC primer/ coupling agent (HEMA) + glutaraldehyde penetrates both tubules -> declc peritubular dentin
    b. primer stabilizes collagen -> penetration bonding resins (bisGMA, UDMA)

(dentin - 2 syllables -> 2 steps -> 1. conditioning, etching ; 2. resin impreg)

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37
Q

Func primer

A

hydroPHILIC primer avoid collapse collagen in hybrid zone 3-7um

(face primer - avoid collapse collagen)

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38
Q

H2O vs denture fixing adhesion on glass

A

denture fixing > adhesion

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39
Q

How to change hydroPHILIC -> phobic

A

glass + oil -> bad wetting

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40
Q

How to change hydroPHOBIC -> philic

A

gold based alloy as solid surface

(No likes -> likes -> bribing w/ gold based alloy)

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41
Q

good wetting aka

A

capillary penetration

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42
Q

bad wetting aka

A

capillary depression

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43
Q

Ad amalgams

A

easy manipulation
low cost
long lasting

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44
Q

use amalgams

A

restoration pos teeth
core build up
class 5 restoration (molars)

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45
Q

Types amalgams

A

traditional: lathe cut, admixed, spherical
high copper (contemporary)
gallium alloys (replace Hg)

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46
Q

Steps form traditional lathe cut (minor component almalgam)

A

ingot (bar) -> cut by lathe cut machine -> particle

47
Q

Composition ingot

A

mixture gamme + epsilon
gamma Ag3Sn - best physical properties
epsilon Cu3Sn

(gAmma -> Ag3Sn)
(ep ->. Cu -> Cu3Sn)

48
Q

Traditional lathe cut particle size

A

> 30um

49
Q

Traditional spherical amalgam steps formation

A

atomizing process: spray tiny drops molten ingot -> solidify innert gasseous (Ar)/ liquid envi (H2O)

50
Q

Traditional spherical particle size

A

40-50um

(sphere > slice aka spherical > lathe cut)

51
Q

Ad formation spherical almagam

A

less Hg need
less condensation pressure

52
Q

High copper almagam composition

A

blend alloys - mech mixture (2/3 lathe cut + 1/3 spherical)

(high Cu aka high quality -> blend -> 2/3 lath + 1/3 spherical)

53
Q

Chem background non gamma2 alma.

A

traditional
high Cu -> NO y2 phase (HIGH -> 2 -> NO y2)
Gallium alloy -> NO epsilon phase (ae - gAllium - Epsilon)
Cu + Sn&raquo_space;> Sn+Hg

54
Q

Effect almagam rxn high Cu

A

NO Sn2Hg (y2) -> NO weak link -> NO forms Sn-Hg rxn product -> form Cu6Sn5 (epsilon) at surface particles -> form rxn zone -> more stable

source Cu to form Cu6Sn5 from epsilon phase in single composition alloys

55
Q

How to increase amount high Cu amalgam

A

adding Cu

56
Q

How to make single composition

A

melt blend -> atomizing process (spherical)/ lathe cut alloy

57
Q

Cu content of high Cu almalgam

A

30% by weight

58
Q

Ad high Cu amalgam

A

less Hg
better marginal intergrity than traditional

(if have high Cu amalgam
-> less Hg
-> more honest -> integrity -> marginal integrity)

59
Q

Admixed alloys improve to

A

increase clinical handling properties

60
Q

Additives almagam

A

Palladium Pa -
economic reasons
improve corrosion Gallium alloy
Selenium Se-
improve biocompatibility
Indium In
admixed in large conc (10% by weight) -> reduce Hg vapor during mastication

(amalgam - imma add PaSeIn - Pa -> Ga -> gallium corrosion; Se: in crash landing on u -> biocompatibility ; In -> indeed a lot (large conc) -> reduce Hg vapor)

61
Q

Gallium alloy comp

A

Ga + In + Sn
gallium + indium + tin (GalInTin)

62
Q

Charac Gallium alloy

A

decrease melt temp Gallium < room temp
replace Hg from system

63
Q

Contents powder Gallium

A

Ag
Sn
Cu
Pa
trace elements
(PASC - Gallium Powder -> GA -> PA -> PASC -> Pa, Ag, Sn, Cu + trace elements)

64
Q

Components liquid Gallium

A

Ga
In
Sn - Tin
trace elements
(GaInTin - same as gallium component + trace element)

65
Q

Setting rxn amalgam

A

Ag3Sn (y) + Hg -> Ag3Sn (y) + Ag2Hg3 (y1) + Sn2Hg (y2)

66
Q

Which phase setting rxn amal. responsible for bad properties

A

y2 Sn2Hg

67
Q

Effect setting rxn amalgam

A

Sn2Hg (y2) weak link -> corrosion ->
+ Cu (epsilon Cu6Sn5) -> improve physical properties (deform under static load)
+ Zn -> extend working time -> increase plasticity

(Cu - physical prop; Zn - last in alphabet -> plasticity)

68
Q

Physical prop amalgam rules

(compress 80- creep 3- expansion, shrinkage 20)

A

ANSI/ADA rules:
1hr compressive strength 80MPA - highly early strength need to withstand dental finishing procedure, occlusal surfaces
min creep - <3% -> maintain marginal integrity
expansion/ shrinkage <20um -> prevent excessive marginal leakage
aka Knoop hardness, tensile strength

(compress 80- creep 3- expansion, shrinkage 20)

69
Q

Physical prop compressive strength change

A

increase 1%Hg -> decrease 1% compressive strength

(more mercury less compressive)

70
Q

Physical prop compressive strength amalgam

A

brittle (comp strength > tensile strength)
amal. unsupported/ Hg conc > (condensation process) -> tensile failure

71
Q

Physical prop creep, flow def

A

constant load -> deform

72
Q

creep charac

A

in oral temp b/c close to melting temp amal.
-> easy atomic diffusion -> deform under static load

73
Q

wear resistance almal.

A

same magnitude tooth enamel (> pos composites)

74
Q

Corrosion rxn

A

Cl attacks y2 phase
Sn7Hg + Cl + O2 +H2O-> Sn4(OH)6Cl2 + Hg

75
Q

Corrosion rxn details

A

y2 Sn2Hg weak link ->
-weakens almal. aka tensile strength
- liberate Hg -> + uncreates y -> add. rxn products (y1+y2) -> Mercuroscopic expansion

76
Q

Composite filler

A

inorg particles
Chem: quartz/ Silica (Ba,Al,Li) glass particles (Ba,Yb, Sr, Zr)

(Silical - SI - BaLi -> Ba, Al, Li)
(glass particles: BYSZ - Ba, Yb, Sr, Zr)

77
Q

Shape composite

A

(synthetic) spherical
(grounded) irregular
fiber reinforced

78
Q

Coupling agent def

A

bond btw filler particles - resin matrix

79
Q

Resin matrix rxn explain

A

olygomers have common rxtive double bonds each end molecule -> add. poly with free radicals

80
Q

TEGMA def

A

diluent molecule -> decrease viscosity

81
Q

Types polymerization

A

Self cured
Light activated
Dual curing system

82
Q

Product poly.

A

highly cross linked poly network

83
Q

Def self cured type

A

benzoyl peroxide + 3rd amine

84
Q

Def light activated

A

visible light appropriate wavelength + amine acceleartor -> (+) camphoroquinone
(camp - camphoroquinone - needs light)

85
Q

Composite comp

A

2 paste system - jars (chem, dual cured poly.)
single paste system (light poly.)
initiator, acceleartor separated with chem activated system until mixing
etching jelly (phosphoric acid fro enamel)
bonding agents (increase adhesion composite-tooth)

86
Q

name 2 pastes composite auto curing

A

universal
catalyst

87
Q

Setting time chem activated

A

3-5min

88
Q

Setting time chem activated depends on

A

conc. initiator, accelerator

89
Q

Effect setting time chem activated

A

poly. -> 24h -> 25-45% double bonds uncreated

90
Q

Setting time, depth cure (max 2mm/layer) light initiated depends on

A

intensity
penetration light beam

91
Q

Effect setting time light initiated

A

poly. -> 10min -> 75% comlpete -> 24h -> 305 double bonds uncreated

92
Q

disad photocuring - light initated process

A

poly. shrinkage

93
Q

effect poly. shrinkage

A

stress on cavity walls ->
marginal gaps
2nd caries
failure restoration
postoperative pain
fracture tooth
microleakage (b/c opening restoration margins) - increment
recurrent carries (b/c opening restoration margins) - inlay

94
Q

Resolution to opening restoration margins

A

inlay (fill cavity)
increment (fill microleakage)

95
Q

Effect poly. shrinkage + hygroscopic expansion

A

cusp deflection

96
Q

Shrinkage composite -> shrinkage stress -> post operative sensitivity

A
97
Q

Thermal properties composite

A

low thermal conductivity - match enamel, dentin
thermal cycling -> poly shrinkage -> strain bond tooth-composite -> marginal gaps

98
Q

Water sorption poly matrix effect

A

absorb H2O -> swelling composite
CAN’T counteract poly. shrinkage -> decrease hardness, wear resistance
uneven discoloration
incomplete poly -> increase solubility (uncreated HEMA, degrade products)
largest part dissolution occurs within first few hrs placement

99
Q

Types colour stability

A

internal discoloration
external discoloration

100
Q

Internal discoloration

A

in self curing system (b/c amine accelerators - brown) (camphoroquinone - yellow)
darkening, color shift -> yellow/ gray

101
Q

External discoloration

A

coloring agents food

102
Q

Mech properties composite

A

brittle (comp strength&raquo_space;> tensile)

103
Q

mech prop comp increase effect

A

increase filler content -> increase mech prop (comp strength)

104
Q

Mech prop comp elasticity

A

< tooth structures

105
Q

Modulus elasticity composite, dentin, enamel

A

composite: smallest
dentin: 19 GPa
enamel: 94 GPa

(elasticity CDE)

106
Q

Types composites

A
  1. macrofiller (grinded glasses)
    macrofillied composite
    hybrid composite
  2. microfiller (pyrogenic silica)
    hybrid composite
    homogenous microfilled composite
    heterogenous microfilled composite
  3. microfiller based complexes
    heterogenous microfilled composite
  4. nanofiller based
    hybrid composite - nano hybrid composite
    nanofilled composite
107
Q

Steps apply composite

A

ready cavity -> acid etching -> H2O rinse -> dry -> + bond -> dry -> poly. bond -> apply material in small increments -> poly./ light cured -> final shaping, finishing, polishing

108
Q

Main component resin based dental composite

A

inorg filler
resin matrix
coupling agent

109
Q

Setting time range auto curing vs light curing

A

auto: min range 5min
light: sec range 10s

110
Q

Colour, type setting rxn, ad, disad, comp, bonding amalgam

A

metallic/ grey
amalgamation
high compressive strength
long lasting
easy manipulation
discolour
Hg toxicity
ZACHS- Zn, Ag, Cu, Hg, Sn (Amalgam - A -> ZACHS)
NO bond, box form prep

111
Q

Colour, type setting rxn, ad, disad, comp, bonding autocuring composite

A

tooth colour
free radical
aethetics
cheaper than light curing
air bubble inclusion -> porosity - O2 inhibition (auto -> I do it myself -> clumpsy -> air bubble inclusion)
shrinkage
2 pastes: base paste: co-initiator, resin, filler ; catalyst paste: initiator, resin, filler (au to -> 2 syllables 2 pastes)
chem bond

112
Q

Colour, type setting rxn, ad, disad, comp, bonding light curing

A

add. poly
aesthetics
time saving
shrinkage
tooth sensitivity
expensive
need separate poly. unit
resin
filler (coupling agent)
photoinitiator
chem bond

113
Q

what does dual cured composite mean

A

both self, auto curing

114
Q

materials need for adhesive tech

A

bonding agent, etching jelly phosphoric

Dental material (7 decks)

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