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Dental Equipment Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Hand Instruments

Basic Types / Working Ends

A
  • Probe
  • Explorer
  • Scaler
  • Curette
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2
Q

Parts of Hand Instruments

A
  • Working End
  • Terminal Shank
  • Shank
  • Handle
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3
Q

Parts of Hand Instruments

Working End

A

Part that contacts the tooth

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4
Q

Parts of Hand Instruments

Terminal Shank

A

Shank part closest to working end

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5
Q

Parts of Hand Instruments

Shank

A

Joins working end and handle
* length and curvature determine which teeth can be accessed

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6
Q

Parts of Hand Instruments

Handle

A

Part that is grasped

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7
Q

Probes

Measures

A

Used to evaluate
* periodontal pocket depth
* gingival recession / hyperplasia
* bone loss around roots (furcation)
* tooth mobility

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8
Q

Probes

Function

A
  • Tooth evaluation
  • Mini ruler with blunt tip - notched or banded
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9
Q
A

Periodontal Probe

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10
Q
A

Explorer

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11
Q

Explorers

Functions

A
  • Explore topography of tooth
  • Assess completion of treatment - calculus removal
  • Smooth transition of dental restoratives
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12
Q

Scalers

Uses

A
  • Removes calculus from crown
  • Only used above gumline - can damage gums and periodontal ligament
  • Useful for narrow deep fissures
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13
Q

Scalers

Design

A

3 sharp cutting edges, flat faces, and a sharp tip
* need regular sharpening

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14
Q

Curettes

A
  • Use below gumline
  • 2 sharp edges and a round toe (doesnt damage gum tissue)
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15
Q

Correct Hand Position

A

Modified Pen Grasp
* thumb and index finger hold handle
* corner of middle finger rests on shank
* ring finger used for control

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16
Q
A

Calculus Removing Forceps

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17
Q

Extraction Forceps

A

Aids removal of tooth by rotational force
* can snap off crown
* best if spring loaded
* grasp tooth and remove from socket - 4 pt contact

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18
Q

Extraction Forceps

When to remove tooth

A
  • Ligaments have been broken down by elevators
  • Bone overlying roots have been drilled off
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19
Q

Dental Elevators

Types

A
  • Luxator
  • Elevator
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20
Q

Luxator

Dental Elevators

A

Used to cut gingival attachment and periodontal ligament
* thin working end
* scoop with points
* not for leverage (metal is too thin)

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21
Q

Elevators

Dental Elevator

Study These Flashcards
A

Thicker working ends
* straight
* winged
* notched

22
Q

Elevators

Correct Hand Position

Study These Flashcards
A

Keep index finger on end
* prevents slipping

23
Q

Periosteal Elevators

Study These Flashcards
A

Required for open surgical extractions - exposes alveolar bone
* spoon-like blade with flat concave curvature
* need regular sharpening

24
Q

Powered Instruments

Study These Flashcards
A

Primary instrument for periodontal therapy and routing debridement

25
Powered Instruments | Advantages
* less hand and wrist fatigue * less treatment time * more efficient * less traume to tissues * water spray used to lavage tissues and break up plaque
26
Powered Instruments | Disadvantages
* less tactile sensitivity * water irrigation needed * potential aerosol contaminants
27
Power Scalers
Converts electric or air energy into mechanical vibration * vibrations shatter calculus * removes calculus and plaque
28
High Speed Handpieces
Always used with water (integrated) to prevent thermal damage to teeth
29
Low Speed Handpieces
No integrated water lines
30
Powered Scalers | Types
* Sonic * Ultrasonic * Rotary - not recommended, causes pain and tooth damage
31
Powered Scalers | Variations
* Power source * Cycles per minute (faster = more power, shorter time) * Amplitude of tip movement (smaller = less damage to tooth)
32
Sonic Scalers
* Compressed air * Low power - takes longer to remove calculus * Cooling properties * Very noisy
33
Ultrasonic Scalers
* Micromotor - energy converted to vibrations, controlled via foot pedal * Integrated water - cools, destroys bacteria and removes debris
34
Ultrasonic Handpieces | Types
* Magnetostrictive - metal unit picks up vibrations * Piezoelectric - crystals in handpiece pick up vibrations
35
Magnetostrictive | Types
* Ferroceramic Rods * Ferromagnetic Stack
36
Ferroceramic Rods
Magnetostrictive * high power * circular motion tip * all sides of tip active - uneven motion
37
Flat Metal Strip
Magnetostrictive * high power - less than rods * elliptical motion tip * bends over time, needs replacement * all sides of tip active - uneven motion
38
Piezoelectric
* High power * Linear motion tip * Uneven distribution of energy down tip - moves further one way than other * Place active side against tooth
39
Ultrasonic Tips
Replace annually or when worn/bent * standard / broad tips * slim tips
40
Standard / Broad Tips | Ultrasonic Tips
Removes medium and heavy deposits * universal tip * beaver tip
41
Slim Tips | Ultrasonic Tips
* narrower than standard * very fragile - use with light touch * better access to subgingival pockets and furcations * perio vs furcation tip
42
Universal Tip | Ultrasonic Standard Tips
* removes plaque and small/moderate amounts of calculus * subgingival with caution
43
Beaver Tail Tip | Ultrasonic Standard Tips
* Removes heavy tartar build up * No subgingival use
44
Perio Probe | Ultrasonic Slim Tips
* Removes subgingival plaque and calculus * Slips easily into periodontal space * Does not traumatize tissues
45
Furcation Tips | Ultrasonic Slim Tips
* Hook to the left or right * Gains access to furcations around crowns * Used subgingival
46
Power Sources for Handpieces | Electric Powered
* low speed * high torque * no water irrigation
47
Power Sources for Handpieces | Air Powered
**Compressed gas from cylinder** * room air or nitrogen **Air compressor** * room air or compressed * counter top, wall mounted, or dental carts
48
Handpieces | High Speed
* Burs - cut teeth, drill bone, extractions * Low torque - allows for fine control but less tactile senses
49
Handpieces | Low Speed
* Electric powered with motor in handle * High torque * Greater tactile sense * Used for - prophy angle for polishing, some burs
50
Low Speed Handpieces | Prophy Angles
Rubber cup with prophy paste to clean/polish teeth * reduces friction on tooth * polishes scratches caused by scaling * removes stains and missed plaque

Dental (9 decks)

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