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Dental > Dental Equipment > Flashcards

Dental Equipment Flashcards

1
Q

Hand Instruments

Basic Types / Working Ends

A
  • Probe
  • Explorer
  • Scaler
  • Curette
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2
Q

Parts of Hand Instruments

A
  • Working End
  • Terminal Shank
  • Shank
  • Handle
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3
Q

Parts of Hand Instruments

Working End

A

Part that contacts the tooth

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4
Q

Parts of Hand Instruments

Terminal Shank

A

Shank part closest to working end

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5
Q

Parts of Hand Instruments

Shank

A

Joins working end and handle
* length and curvature determine which teeth can be accessed

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6
Q

Parts of Hand Instruments

Handle

A

Part that is grasped

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7
Q

Probes

Measures

A

Used to evaluate
* periodontal pocket depth
* gingival recession / hyperplasia
* bone loss around roots (furcation)
* tooth mobility

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8
Q

Probes

Function

A
  • Tooth evaluation
  • Mini ruler with blunt tip - notched or banded
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9
Q
A

Periodontal Probe

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10
Q
A

Explorer

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11
Q

Explorers

Functions

A
  • Explore topography of tooth
  • Assess completion of treatment - calculus removal
  • Smooth transition of dental restoratives
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12
Q

Scalers

Uses

A
  • Removes calculus from crown
  • Only used above gumline - can damage gums and periodontal ligament
  • Useful for narrow deep fissures
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13
Q

Scalers

Design

A

3 sharp cutting edges, flat faces, and a sharp tip
* need regular sharpening

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14
Q

Curettes

A
  • Use below gumline
  • 2 sharp edges and a round toe (doesnt damage gum tissue)
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15
Q

Correct Hand Position

A

Modified Pen Grasp
* thumb and index finger hold handle
* corner of middle finger rests on shank
* ring finger used for control

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16
Q
A

Calculus Removing Forceps

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17
Q

Extraction Forceps

A

Aids removal of tooth by rotational force
* can snap off crown
* best if spring loaded
* grasp tooth and remove from socket - 4 pt contact

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18
Q

Extraction Forceps

When to remove tooth

A
  • Ligaments have been broken down by elevators
  • Bone overlying roots have been drilled off
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19
Q

Dental Elevators

Types

A
  • Luxator
  • Elevator
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20
Q

Luxator

Dental Elevators

A

Used to cut gingival attachment and periodontal ligament
* thin working end
* scoop with points
* not for leverage (metal is too thin)

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21
Q

Elevators

Dental Elevator

A

Thicker working ends
* straight
* winged
* notched

22
Q

Elevators

Correct Hand Position

A

Keep index finger on end
* prevents slipping

23
Q

Periosteal Elevators

A

Required for open surgical extractions - exposes alveolar bone
* spoon-like blade with flat concave curvature
* need regular sharpening

24
Q

Powered Instruments

A

Primary instrument for periodontal therapy and routing debridement

25
Q

Powered Instruments

Advantages

A
  • less hand and wrist fatigue
  • less treatment time
  • more efficient
  • less traume to tissues
  • water spray used to lavage tissues and break up plaque
26
Q

Powered Instruments

Disadvantages

A
  • less tactile sensitivity
  • water irrigation needed
  • potential aerosol contaminants
27
Q

Power Scalers

A

Converts electric or air energy into mechanical vibration
* vibrations shatter calculus
* removes calculus and plaque

28
Q

High Speed Handpieces

A

Always used with water (integrated) to prevent thermal damage to teeth

29
Q

Low Speed Handpieces

A

No integrated water lines

30
Q

Powered Scalers

Types

A
  • Sonic
  • Ultrasonic
  • Rotary - not recommended, causes pain and tooth damage
31
Q

Powered Scalers

Variations

A
  • Power source
  • Cycles per minute (faster = more power, shorter time)
  • Amplitude of tip movement (smaller = less damage to tooth)
32
Q

Sonic Scalers

A
  • Compressed air
  • Low power - takes longer to remove calculus
  • Cooling properties
  • Very noisy
33
Q

Ultrasonic Scalers

A
  • Micromotor - energy converted to vibrations, controlled via foot pedal
  • Integrated water - cools, destroys bacteria and removes debris
34
Q

Ultrasonic Handpieces

Types

A
  • Magnetostrictive - metal unit picks up vibrations
  • Piezoelectric - crystals in handpiece pick up vibrations
35
Q

Magnetostrictive

Types

A
  • Ferroceramic Rods
  • Ferromagnetic Stack
36
Q

Ferroceramic Rods

A

Magnetostrictive
* high power
* circular motion tip
* all sides of tip active - uneven motion

37
Q

Flat Metal Strip

A

Magnetostrictive
* high power - less than rods
* elliptical motion tip
* bends over time, needs replacement
* all sides of tip active - uneven motion

38
Q

Piezoelectric

A
  • High power
  • Linear motion tip
  • Uneven distribution of energy down tip - moves further one way than other
  • Place active side against tooth
39
Q

Ultrasonic Tips

A

Replace annually or when worn/bent
* standard / broad tips
* slim tips

40
Q

Standard / Broad Tips

Ultrasonic Tips

A

Removes medium and heavy deposits
* universal tip
* beaver tip

41
Q

Slim Tips

Ultrasonic Tips

A
  • narrower than standard
  • very fragile - use with light touch
  • better access to subgingival pockets and furcations
  • perio vs furcation tip
42
Q

Universal Tip

Ultrasonic Standard Tips

A
  • removes plaque and small/moderate amounts of calculus
  • subgingival with caution
43
Q

Beaver Tail Tip

Ultrasonic Standard Tips

A
  • Removes heavy tartar build up
  • No subgingival use
44
Q

Perio Probe

Ultrasonic Slim Tips

A
  • Removes subgingival plaque and calculus
  • Slips easily into periodontal space
  • Does not traumatize tissues
45
Q

Furcation Tips

Ultrasonic Slim Tips

A
  • Hook to the left or right
  • Gains access to furcations around crowns
  • Used subgingival
46
Q

Power Sources for Handpieces

Electric Powered

A
  • low speed
  • high torque
  • no water irrigation
47
Q

Power Sources for Handpieces

Air Powered

A

Compressed gas from cylinder
* room air or nitrogen

Air compressor
* room air or compressed
* counter top, wall mounted, or dental carts

48
Q

Handpieces

High Speed

A
  • Burs - cut teeth, drill bone, extractions
  • Low torque - allows for fine control but less tactile senses
49
Q

Handpieces

Low Speed

A
  • Electric powered with motor in handle
  • High torque
  • Greater tactile sense
  • Used for - prophy angle for polishing, some burs
50
Q

Low Speed Handpieces

Prophy Angles

A

Rubber cup with prophy paste to clean/polish teeth
* reduces friction on tooth
* polishes scratches caused by scaling
* removes stains and missed plaque

Dental (9 decks)

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