Dental Diseases Flashcards
Triadan system of horses
100-400 (permanent)
- 3 incisors
- 4 canines
- 2-4 premolars
- 3 molars
- 1 premolar (occasionally)
Hypsodont?
Tooth erupts continuously
how do horses chew
oval or figure of 8 motion
- the lower jaw grinds against the upper jaw
What is malocclusion
This is the development of an uneven or “wavelike” appearance of the premolars and molars.
How malocclusion develops
When there is improper position and contact between the teeth that lead to inefficient chewing, bit discomfort, excessive wear and premature loss of teeth.
Define rostral hook.
The dominant upper from premolars overhang lower premolars. This is either hereditary or developmental
What is caudal hook
Dominant lower or upper last molar overhanging opposing molar
Developmental cause of caudal hook
the horse is born either parrot-mouthed or monkey mouthed
-2nd to another molar malocclusion that forces the jaw to disalign
Step tooth/ step molars.
Molar arcade develops stepped-like appearance.
this is due to missing tooth allowing the opposing tooth to grow into the void.
treatment: regular floating
Ramps
Excessive height to lower premolars
- Premolars with surface that slopes like a ski jump
how to reduce the problem in ramps
The dominant tooth must be reduced to allow the opposing one to recover
Enamel points. include etiology
Sharp points on the outside of the upper molars and inside of the lower molars.
-etiology: when horse stops chewing as far sideways leading to the unopposed edge tooth getting longer and having the enamel from razor sharp points
Sheared Molar Table
Extreme angulation of chewing surface of molars. this is the result from the lack of lateral excursion or side-to-side chewing.
problem of this will lead to poor utilization of feed,
Accentuated Transverse Ridges
Enlarged ridges that run across chewing surfaces of molars. Etiology: shift in jaw alignment or chewing in proper sideways motion.
clinical term for a gap between teeth
diastema
