dental ceramics Flashcards
nonmetallic, inorganic structures, primarily containing compounds of oxygen with one or more metallic or semi-metallic elements (aluminum, boron, calcium, cerium, lithium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, sodium, titanium, and zirconium).
Ceramics
common metallic elements that occur in ceramics in combination with oxygen
Silicon (Si), zirconium (Zr), and aluminum (Al)
a type of ceramic that results when feldspar (K₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂), silica (SiO₂), and alumina (Al₂O₃) are fired together with fluxes such as sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) or potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃).
*PORCELAIN
APPLICATIONS (6; IVCFAO)
✓Inlays and Onlays
✓Veneers
✓Crowns
✓Fixed partial dentures
✓Artificial denture teeth
✓Orthodontic brackets
CLASSIFICATIONS
ACCORDING TO FIRING TEMPERATURE (4)
ACCORDING TO MICROSTRUCTURE (4)
ACCORDING TO ITS FUNCTION WITHIN THE RESTORATION (8)
❖High fusing
❖Medium fusing
❖Low fusing
❖Ultralow fusing
1.FELDSPATHIC (GLASSY)
2.GLASS DOMINATED
3.CRYSTALLINE DOMINATED
4.CRYSTALLINE
❖Core ceramics
❖Opaquer ceramics
❖Body or dentin
❖Incisal
❖Gingival
❖Translucent
❖Stains
❖Glaze
PHASES: (2)
*GLASSY (AMORPHOUS) PHASE
*CRYSTALLINE PHASE
TYPES OF CERAMICS IN DENTISTRY
1.FELDSPATHIC (GLASSY)
2.GLASS DOMINATED
3.CRYSTALLINE DOMINATED
4.CRYSTALLINE
❖Porcelains that are composed primarily of an amorphous phase(matrix)
❖Most esthetic of the dental ceramic
❖Veneers over alloys, upper anterior region
Feldspathic or Glassy Ceramics
❖Contains increased amounts of crystalline phase relative to the glassy ceramics
❖Higher strength but sufficient translucency to serve in esthetic application
❖Anterior all ceramics
Glass-dominated
❖Composed mostly of a crystalline phase (70%)
❖Nearly opaque and therefore cannot be used by themselves as veneers or as veneers on alloys
❖Cores for anterior/ posterior crown with veneering porcelain added
Crystalline-dominated
❖Newest and strongest
❖Form from either alumina or zirconia
❖Have no glassy phase and are opaque
❖Cannot serve as esthetic veneers on alloys or teeth
❖Posterior crowns and bridges
Crystalline
PROPERTIES OF DENTAL CERAMICS (8; BHHLECLL)
1.Biocompatible
2.High esthetics
3.High hardness
4.Low to moderate fracture toughness
5.Excellent wear resistance
6.Chemical inertness
7.Low thermal conductivity and diffusivity
8.Low electrical conductivity
Comparison of Metal-ceramic to All Ceramic Restoration (4)
1.Fracture
2.Esthetics
3.Wear
4.Margins
CLASSIFICATION BY TOOTH STRUCTURED RESTORED (2)
*Inlays
*Onlays or Overlays:
Crowns
Fixed Bridge
❖Intracoronal restorations that replaces small to medium amount of tooth structure.
❖Used to restore pits, grooves, fissures and proximal surfaces.
❖They do not restore the cusps.
*Inlays
❖Involve replacing of one or more structure, they restore cusps and the entire occlusal surface of a tooth.
❖Retained by intracoronal retention and luting cements.
*Onlays or Overlays:
❖Used to restore teeth that have lost a significant amount of tooth structure.
Crowns
❖Multiple fixed crowns that replaces missing teeth. Supported by a teeth/tooth called Abutments
Fixed Bridge
CLASSIFICATION BY MATERIAL(4)
Metals
*Ceramic Material
*Ceramometal
*Composite Materials:
__ indirect restorations are made by Casting Procedure.
Casting: Involves melting the metal and pouring or forcing the liquid metal into a mold.
Metals
❖Used for High Esthetic Demand.
❖Can simulate natural colors and translucency of teeth.
❖Lacks toughness and breaks easily.
❖More costly than other restorations.
*Ceramic Material
❖also known as Porcelain Fused to Metal.
❖The most common fixed restoration done by dentist worldwide.
❖Addition of metal improves the strength of porcelain, but esthetics is somehow compromised.
*Ceramometal
❖Similar to direct filling materials. Cured at elevated temperatures, pressures or both
❖Recently, Fiber Reinforced Composites have been developed to improve the strength of the material.
*Composite Materials:
Clinical Procedures for Constructing An Indirect Restoration (DPIFLCCR)
1.Diagnosis, Treatment Planning and Designing the Restoration.
2.Preparation
3.Impressions
4.Fabrication of Temporary Restoration
5.Laboratory Procedures
6.Cementation of the Restoration
7.Completion of the Treatment Plan
8.Recall
