Dental Calculus Flashcards
on what kind of surfaces does calculus adhere to?
hard porous surfaces like cementum
how does calculus damage the gingiva?
it doesnt directly, theres always plaque on it which causes the inflammation; toxin can be adsorbed into the calculus which can damage the gingiva too
what are the classifications of dental calculus?
supragingival and subgingival
what does supragingival and subgingival look like?
supra is white/yellow, sub is green/black
T or F
supragingival plaque adheres to the tooth stronger than subgingival.
F
subgingival is harder to remove
where is DC most likely to form?
lingual of mandibular anteriors
where id DC second to form?
buccal of maxillary molars
where does supragingival calculus receive its mineral from?
saliva
plaque
serum transudate
saliva AND plaque
where does subgingival calculus receive its mineral from?
saliva
plaque
serum transudate
bacteria
serum transudate
T or F
Calculus can form without the presence of bacteria
very T
how does calculus form?
1) Higher pH, lower CO2, higher ammonia formation and phosphatase creating PO3 ions from calcium phosphate
2) HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEATION
seeding agents cause foci to start chrystalizing
what is calculus made of?
mostly (70%-90%) inorganic material
what is the main constituent of calculus?
calcium phosphate
what inorganic compounds other than calcium phosphate, can be in calculus
calcium carbonate, and magnesium phosphate
what kind of crystals are found most commonly in dental calculus?
hydroxyapatite and octacalcium
what are the four ways calculus can adhere to a tooth
1) enamel via pellicle
2) cementum via mechanical locking into irregularaties
3) close adaptation to the cementum
4) penetration of calculus into cementum
how does calculs adhere to enamel?
via pellicle, thus making it easier to remove
its harder to remove calculus in..
shallow or deep pockets?
single-rooted or multirooted?
deep and multirooted
T or F
its easier to visually detect subgingival because supragingival is white and yellow.
F although the reason is an accurate statement
what instrument would be the best to detect subgingival calculus?
11/12 explorer
what is the correct way of detecting supragingival calculus?
drying with air and visual inspection for a chalky appearance
to what extend does does subgingival calculus go into a pocket?
pretty much all the way but stops at the junctional epithelium
if plaque is the main etiological factor of periodontal disease then why remove calculus?
because its a site for plaque to grow even though calculus alone does not cause PD
what can be used to to inhibit calculus formation
pyrophosphate
zinc salts and bisphosphonates can be used too
