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3RD yr- CCD1- Clinical > dental anomalies > Flashcards

dental anomalies Flashcards

1
Q

When do dental anomalies occur

A

Can occur at various stages of the dental development

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2
Q

How can we describe anomalies in the number of teeth

A
  1. Hyperdontia
  2. Hypodontia
  3. Retained primary teeth
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3
Q

What is hyperdontia

A

Increase number of teeth than expected

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4
Q

What is hypodontia

A

Missing or less number of teeth than expected

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5
Q

What is another term for hyperdontia

A

Supernumerary teeth

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6
Q

Where is hyperdontia most commonly found in the mouth

A

Midline between the central incisors and the pre molar molar area

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7
Q

What can hyperdontia be associated with?

A

Cleidocranial dysostosis
Gardener syndrome
Cleft lip and palate

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8
Q

Name a common form of hyperdontia

A

Mesiodens

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9
Q

What is mesiodens

A

It is a supernumerary tooth present in the midline between the two central incisors

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10
Q

What does mesiodens usually cause

A 
Results in oral problems such as:
Malocclusion 
Food impaction 
Poor aesthetics
Cyst formation
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11
Q

What is the prevalence of mesiodens

A

0.09%-2.05%

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12
Q

Describe the supernumerary tooth present in mesiodens

A

Often a pet shaped tooth or small rudimentary supernumerary teeth found at the midline of the central incisors

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13
Q

What is hypodontia usually due to

A

Obstruction of the dental lamina and/or lack of space for development or failure of initiation of the mesenchyme

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14
Q

Which teeth are usually affected by hypodontia

A

Permanent teeth are mostly affected

most commonly 3rd molar followed by the 2nd molar and maxillary lateral incisor

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15
Q

What can hypodontia be associated with

A

Ectodermal dysplasia

Cleft lip and palate

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16
Q

Name the different types of hypodontia

A
  1. Oligodontia

2. Anodontia

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17
Q

What is oligodontia

A

More than 6 teeth missing

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18
Q

What is anodontia

A

Complete loss of all teeth in the arch

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19
Q

What is a retained deciduous tooth

A

A deciduous tooth that hasn’t fallen out and has been retained by the jaw

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20
Q

What problems can a retained deciduous tooth lead to

A

Can lead to malocclusion or prevent permeant successor from erupting

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21
Q

How can we describe anomalies in the teeth related to size

A
  1. Macrodontia

2. Microdontia

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22
Q

What is macrodontia

A

Describes teeth that are bigger than normal

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23
Q

What is microdontia

A

Describes teeth that are smaller than normal

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24
Q

How can we describe anomalies in the teeth related to shape

A
  1. Dens evagintus
  2. Dens invagintus
  3. Germination and fusion
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25
What is dens evaginitus?
Enamel pearls on the occlusal surface
26
What is dens invaginitus
Is a tooth within a tooth
27
What is another term for dens invaginitus?
Dens on dens
28
What is fusion
A fused supernumerary tooth
29
What is germination
Twinned tooth
30
Which teeth are usually affected by macrodontia
Maxillary canines
31
What diseases can be associated with macrodontia
Pituitary gigantism Craniofacial dystosis Congenital facial hemihypertrophy
32
Which teeth are most affected by microdontia
Maxillary laterals
33
What diseases can be associated with microdontia
Downs syndrome | Ectodermal dysplasia
34
What problems are associated with dens evagintaus
Can affect mastication | Pearl can contain pulp tissue
35
How can we describe anomalies in the teeth related to structure
1. Amelogenisis imperfecta 2. Dentinogeneisis imperfecta 3. Dentin dysplasia 4. Molar incisor hypominerlaisation
36
What is amelogenesis imperfecta?
It is a hereditary condition affecting the enamel of all teeth
37
What is amelogenesis imperfecta caused by
gene mutations (so far 16 means have been identified)
38
Name the 3 types of amelogenesis imperfecta
1. Hypoplastic 2. Hypocalcification 3. Hypomaturation
39
Describe hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta
Pitted discoloured enamel very prone to caries and attrition
40
What is hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta associated with
Open bites
41
What is hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta caused by
Mutation in matrix protein coding genes
42
What is hypo calcification amelogenesis imperfecta
Discoloured hypo-mineralised soft enamel that chips away and breaks under mastication
43
What is hypo calcification amelogenesis imperfecta caused by
Mutations in matrix metalloproteinases leading to retention of protein and hypo calcification
44
What is hypo maturation amelogenesis imperfecta
Discoloured hypo-mineralised soft enamel that chips away and breaks under mastication
45
What is hypo maturation amelogenesis imperfecta caused by
Mutations in matrix metalloproteinases leading to retention of protein and hypo maturations
46
What is dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI) characterised by
Abnormal dentine structure
47
List the types of dentinogenesis imperfecta
type I type II type III
48
Describe DGI type 1
It is associated with osteogenesis imperfecta and mutations in COL1A and COL2A
49
Describe DGI type II
Associated with loss of hearing at older ages and mutation in gene encoding DSPP
50
Describe DGI type iii
Ashkenazi jewish ethnicity and mutation in gene encoding DSPP
51
What is dentine dysplasia related to
Malformation of the dentine
52
How many types of dentine dysplasia are there
Type I | Type II
53
Describe dentine dysplasia type I
``` Crown is normal radiographically Both dentitions are affected Roots are rudimentary and sharp Incomplete pulp obliteration Extreme tooth mobility and premature exfoliation ```
54
Describe dentine dysplasia type II
Mostly affected is the primary dentition | is permeant dentition affected it shows thinner roots and occasional pulp stones
55
What is molar incisor hypomineralisation lead to
Leads to chipping of enamel, discolouration of teeth
56
List some systemic syndromes associated with dental anomalies
1. Ectodermal dysplasia | 2. Cleiodocrania dysostosis
57
What is ectodermal dysplasia
Comprises of a large heterogeneous group of inherited disorders that are defined by primary defects in the development of 2 or more tissues derived from embryonic ectoderm
58
Which tissues are involved in ectodermal dysplasia
The skin and its appendages and teeth
59
Give some oral symptoms of ectodermal dysplasia
``` Soft discoloured enamel Small peg shaped teeth Abnormally shaped roots Missin teeth Xerostomaia Underdeveloped alveolar bone Pointed chin ```
60
What is Cleiodocrania dysostosis
A rare autosomal dominant skeletal disorder caused by mutation of RUNX-2
61
What is happens in Cleiodocrania dysostosis
1/ Underdeveloped or absent collar bones 2. Late closure of skull fontanels 3. High vaulted palate 4. short stature 5. Osteopenia and osteoporosis 6. Hearin loss

3RD yr- CCD1- Clinical (7 decks)

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