2 seperate adjacent crowns fuse and appear double wide - if counted as one, arch will appear to have 1 less tooth than normal - 2 separate fused roots with 2 separate pulp chambers - Is thought to occur by pressure or force during development of adjacent roots

Dental Anomalies Flashcards by Carly Schaefer

What is Anodontia?

The Absence of teeth

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What is Oligodontia?

absence of more than 6 teeth

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What are the most common missing teeth in Partial Anodontia (Hypodontia)?

Most Common: 3rd molars (especially maxillary)
2nd Most common: Max. Lateral Incisors
3rd most common: mand. 2nd premolars

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What are Supernumerary Teeth?

Extra Teeth, permanent and primary dentition

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What are the most common areas to have supernumerary teeth?

Most common: Maxillary incisors (max. midline)
2nd Most Common: 3rd molar area (most often maxilla)
3rd most common: mandibular premolar area

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What are Mesiodens?

supernumerary incisors, small, cone-shaped supernumerary tooth that forms between maxillary central incisors (less common btwn laterals/canines but it still occurs)

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Supernumerary 3rd Molars

2nd most common: Distomolars, paramolars, 4th molars

-rarely erupt so often discovered in radiographs

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Supernumerary Mandibular Premolars

3rd most common: generally resemble premolars anatomically

-often crowded or positioned lingually (or facially)

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What is Macrodontia?

teeth are large, normally shaped

-often associated with systemic conditions such as gigantism

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What is Microdontia?

teeth are small, normally shaped

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What are Peg Shaped Laterals?

(this is also a form on microdontia)

most common anterior tooth shape anomaly
cone shaped

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What is the most common anterior tooth shape anomaly?

Peg shaped laterals

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What is Gemination (Twinning)?

incomplete splitting of a single developing tooth into 2

one tooth appears extra wide and notched
If wide tooth is counted as 2 teeth, the arch will appear as if it has an extra tooth
Geminated tooth has a single root and one pulp chamber

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What is Fusion?

2 seperate adjacent crowns fuse and appear double wide

if counted as one, arch will appear to have 1 less tooth than normal
2 separate fused roots with 2 separate pulp chambers
Is thought to occur by pressure or force during development of adjacent roots

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What are Hutchinson’s Incisors?

(congenital syphilis)Mom passes syphilis to unborn baby

-Incisors appear notched, broad cervically, more narrow incisally

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What are Mulberry Molars?

(congenital syphilis)

first molars have occlusal anatomy made-up of tiny tubercules and poorly developed cusps
Berry-like shape

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What is a Talon Cusp?

an extra cusp on lingual surface of anterior teeth

extra cusp may have pulp horn
removal of cusp may be necessary for occlusion; if so, endo therapy may be required-if extra cusps have pulp horns

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Where can Extra (accessory) cusps occur?

Accessory cusps can occur on all molars

-can result from localized hyperplasia

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What can extra molar cusps result from?

localized hyperplasia

What is a Tuberculum Intermedium?

a 3rd lingual cusp on mandibular molars

What is a Tuberculum Sextum?

an extra cusp on mandibular molar distal marginal ridge

What are Dens in Dente?

Tooth within a tooth
clinically appear as a deep crevice near cingulum of incisors (almost always in anterior teeth)
-Radiographically it looks like a tooth inside a tooth
-can occur in peg shaped laterals

What results from invagination of epithelium of enamel organ prior to calcification

Dens in Dente

What are Enamel Pearls?

nodules of enamel with dentin core on root surfaces
enamel composition prevents normal root-bone attachment apparatus
Periodontal Problems
usually found in furcation areas of molars

What is Taurodontia?

Bull-like root | very long pulp chamber without cervical constriction

What are Dilacerations?

Severe bend in tooth root - may be due to traumatic injury or insufficient space for development - often found in accessory roots

What are Dwarfed (Blunted) Roots?

Normally sized crowns, small roots | -can result from orthodontic movement when the movement has occurred to rapidly

What is Hypercementosis?

excess cementum around root | -may be caused by trauma, metabolic dysfunction or periodical inflammation

Where are accessory roots found?

3rd molars, mandibular canines, mandibular premolars, other teeth as well

How do accessory roots often occur?

most often occur as a facial and lingual split | a mesial and distal split is rare

What are impacted teeth?

- unerupted due to mechanical obstruction - most often 3rd molars and maxillary canines - evolutionary decreasing size of modern man's jaw plays a role

What tooth is often misplaced (Ectopic eruption or Transposition)?

often canines - Labioversion- tooth located too far to the facial - Linguoversion- tooth located too far to the lingual

What does "-plasia" mean?

formation or development

What is Dysplasia?

abnormal development

What is Hypoplasia?

incomplete formation of a tissue

What can cause Enamel Dysplasia?

- Hereditary - Systemic Causes during tooth formation: - Excess fluoride exposure - Nutritional Deficiencies - High Fever - Local disturbances (trauma, periapical infection of primary tooth)

What is Fluorosis?

caused by ingestion of a high concentration of fluoride (greatly exceeding recommended amount to prevent decay) during enamel formation - Mottled Enamel: color change to white or yellow/brown spots - Can cause pitted enamel: formation of pits w/in enamel - Good news: these teeth are often resistant to decay

What is Mottled enamel?

color change to white or yellow/brown spots | -caused by Fluorosis

What can cause Pitted Enamel?

Fluorosis

What is Tetracycline Stain caused by and look like?

results when the antibiotic tetracycline is ingested by a pregnant woman or an infant or child during tooth formation and calcification - Teeth appear yellow or gray-brown - teeth affected depends on the age at which tetracycline was administered

What is Attrition?

Wearing away of enamel and eventually dentin due to grinding of teeth Bruxism: excessive grinding of teeth

What is Abrasion?

mechanical wear of tooth structure via gritty dentrifice, hard tooth brushes, or aggressive horizontal tooth brushing (especially if performed on exposed cementum) -often located in cervical area Abfraction: bending/flexure of tooth caused by heavy occlusal forces

What is Abfraction?

bending/flexure of tooth caused by heavy occlusal forces

What is tooth Erosion?

tooth loss due to chemical means, exposure to acids: - Bulimia - Severe acid reflux - Lemon sucking - Excessive intake of carbonated drinks and other acidic drinks and food

What dental anomalies are characterized by abnormal tooth shapes?

- 3rd molar malformations - Peg Shaped Laterals - Gemination (twinning) - Fusion - Hutchinson's Incisor - Mulberry Molars

What dental anomalies are characterized by abnormal root morphology?

- Enamel Pearls - Taurodontia - Dilaceration - Dwarfed (Blunted) Roots - Hypercementosis