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Dental Anatomy > Dental Anomalies > Flashcards

Dental Anomalies Flashcards

1
Q

What is Anodontia?

A

The Absence of teeth

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2
Q

What is Oligodontia?

A

absence of more than 6 teeth

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3
Q

What are the most common missing teeth in Partial Anodontia (Hypodontia)?

A

Most Common: 3rd molars (especially maxillary)
2nd Most common: Max. Lateral Incisors
3rd most common: mand. 2nd premolars

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4
Q

What are Supernumerary Teeth?

A

Extra Teeth, permanent and primary dentition

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5
Q

What are the most common areas to have supernumerary teeth?

A

Most common: Maxillary incisors (max. midline)
2nd Most Common: 3rd molar area (most often maxilla)
3rd most common: mandibular premolar area

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6
Q

What are Mesiodens?

A

supernumerary incisors, small, cone-shaped supernumerary tooth that forms between maxillary central incisors (less common btwn laterals/canines but it still occurs)

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7
Q

Supernumerary 3rd Molars

A

2nd most common: Distomolars, paramolars, 4th molars

-rarely erupt so often discovered in radiographs

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8
Q

Supernumerary Mandibular Premolars

A

3rd most common: generally resemble premolars anatomically

-often crowded or positioned lingually (or facially)

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9
Q

What is Macrodontia?

A

teeth are large, normally shaped

-often associated with systemic conditions such as gigantism

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10
Q

What is Microdontia?

A

teeth are small, normally shaped

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11
Q

What are Peg Shaped Laterals?

A

(this is also a form on microdontia)

  • most common anterior tooth shape anomaly
  • cone shaped
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12
Q

What is the most common anterior tooth shape anomaly?

A

Peg shaped laterals

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13
Q

What is Gemination (Twinning)?

A

incomplete splitting of a single developing tooth into 2

  • one tooth appears extra wide and notched
  • If wide tooth is counted as 2 teeth, the arch will appear as if it has an extra tooth
  • Geminated tooth has a single root and one pulp chamber
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14
Q

What is Fusion?

A

2 seperate adjacent crowns fuse and appear double wide

  • if counted as one, arch will appear to have 1 less tooth than normal
  • 2 separate fused roots with 2 separate pulp chambers
  • Is thought to occur by pressure or force during development of adjacent roots
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15
Q

What are Hutchinson’s Incisors?

A

(congenital syphilis)Mom passes syphilis to unborn baby

-Incisors appear notched, broad cervically, more narrow incisally

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16
Q

What are Mulberry Molars?

A

(congenital syphilis)

  • first molars have occlusal anatomy made-up of tiny tubercules and poorly developed cusps
  • Berry-like shape
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17
Q

What is a Talon Cusp?

A

an extra cusp on lingual surface of anterior teeth

  • extra cusp may have pulp horn
  • removal of cusp may be necessary for occlusion; if so, endo therapy may be required-if extra cusps have pulp horns
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18
Q

Where can Extra (accessory) cusps occur?

A

Accessory cusps can occur on all molars

-can result from localized hyperplasia

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19
Q

What can extra molar cusps result from?

A

localized hyperplasia

20
Q

What is a Tuberculum Intermedium?

A

a 3rd lingual cusp on mandibular molars

21
Q

What is a Tuberculum Sextum?

A

an extra cusp on mandibular molar distal marginal ridge

22
Q

What are Dens in Dente?

A

Tooth within a tooth
clinically appear as a deep crevice near cingulum of incisors (almost always in anterior teeth)
-Radiographically it looks like a tooth inside a tooth
-can occur in peg shaped laterals

23
Q

What results from invagination of epithelium of enamel organ prior to calcification

A

Dens in Dente

24
Q

What are Enamel Pearls?

A
  • nodules of enamel with dentin core on root surfaces
  • enamel composition prevents normal root-bone attachment apparatus
  • Periodontal Problems
  • usually found in furcation areas of molars
25
Q

What is Taurodontia?

A

Bull-like root

very long pulp chamber without cervical constriction

26
Q

What are Dilacerations?

A

Severe bend in tooth root

  • may be due to traumatic injury or insufficient space for development
  • often found in accessory roots
27
Q

What are Dwarfed (Blunted) Roots?

A

Normally sized crowns, small roots

-can result from orthodontic movement when the movement has occurred to rapidly

28
Q

What is Hypercementosis?

A

excess cementum around root

-may be caused by trauma, metabolic dysfunction or periodical inflammation

29
Q

Where are accessory roots found?

A

3rd molars, mandibular canines, mandibular premolars, other teeth as well

30
Q

How do accessory roots often occur?

A

most often occur as a facial and lingual split

a mesial and distal split is rare

31
Q

What are impacted teeth?

A
  • unerupted due to mechanical obstruction
  • most often 3rd molars and maxillary canines
  • evolutionary decreasing size of modern man’s jaw plays a role
32
Q

What tooth is often misplaced (Ectopic eruption or Transposition)?

A

often canines

  • Labioversion- tooth located too far to the facial
  • Linguoversion- tooth located too far to the lingual
33
Q

What does “-plasia” mean?

A

formation or development

34
Q

What is Dysplasia?

A

abnormal development

35
Q

What is Hypoplasia?

A

incomplete formation of a tissue

36
Q

What can cause Enamel Dysplasia?

A
  • Hereditary
  • Systemic Causes during tooth formation:
    - Excess fluoride exposure
    - Nutritional Deficiencies
    - High Fever
  • Local disturbances (trauma, periapical infection of primary tooth)
37
Q

What is Fluorosis?

A

caused by ingestion of a high concentration of fluoride (greatly exceeding recommended amount to prevent decay) during enamel formation

  • Mottled Enamel: color change to white or yellow/brown spots
  • Can cause pitted enamel: formation of pits w/in enamel
  • Good news: these teeth are often resistant to decay
38
Q

What is Mottled enamel?

A

color change to white or yellow/brown spots

-caused by Fluorosis

39
Q

What can cause Pitted Enamel?

A

Fluorosis

40
Q

What is Tetracycline Stain caused by and look like?

A

results when the antibiotic tetracycline is ingested by a pregnant woman or an infant or child during tooth formation and calcification

  • Teeth appear yellow or gray-brown
  • teeth affected depends on the age at which tetracycline was administered
41
Q

What is Attrition?

A

Wearing away of enamel and eventually dentin due to grinding of teeth
Bruxism: excessive grinding of teeth

42
Q

What is Abrasion?

A

mechanical wear of tooth structure via gritty dentrifice, hard tooth brushes, or aggressive horizontal tooth brushing (especially if performed on exposed cementum)
-often located in cervical area
Abfraction: bending/flexure of tooth caused by heavy occlusal forces

43
Q

What is Abfraction?

A

bending/flexure of tooth caused by heavy occlusal forces

44
Q

What is tooth Erosion?

A

tooth loss due to chemical means, exposure to acids:

  • Bulimia
  • Severe acid reflux
  • Lemon sucking
  • Excessive intake of carbonated drinks and other acidic drinks and food
45
Q

What dental anomalies are characterized by abnormal tooth shapes?

A
  • 3rd molar malformations
  • Peg Shaped Laterals
  • Gemination (twinning)
  • Fusion
  • Hutchinson’s Incisor
  • Mulberry Molars
46
Q

What dental anomalies are characterized by abnormal root morphology?

A
  • Enamel Pearls
  • Taurodontia
  • Dilaceration
  • Dwarfed (Blunted) Roots
  • Hypercementosis

Dental Anatomy (3 decks)

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