Dental Anomalies

Question 1

name the four ways dental anomalies can present

Answer 1

shape and size
number of teeth
structure - hard tissue defects
eruption and exfoliation

Question 2

name three syndromes associated with hypodontia

Answer 2

cleft palate
down’s syndrome
ectodermal dysplasia

Question 3

name six treatment options for hypodontia patients

Answer 3

removable prosthesis
orthodontics
composite build ups
porcelain veneers
crowns and bridges
implants

Question 4

name the four types of supernumerary teeth

Answer 4

conical
tuberculate
supplemental
odontome

Question 5

what is the most common cause of delayed eruption of permanent incisors

Answer 5

supernumeraries

Question 6

name six abnormalities of size and shape of teeth

Answer 6

macrodontia
microdontia
gemination
fusion
odontomes
taurodontism

Question 7

what is gemination

Answer 7

one tooth splits in two

Question 8

what is fusion

Answer 8

two teeth join to form one

Question 9

what is taurodontism and a risk factor associated with this

Answer 9

flame shaped pulps - pulp exposure more a risk when restoring teeth

Question 10

what is dens in dente

Answer 10

invagination in the tooth that has their own canal system

Question 11

what is the treatment for dens in dente

Answer 11

seal all the canal areas to stop any ingress of bacteria as if problems with the canal does occur it is almost impossible to restore

Question 12

what is a root anomaly and name three causes

Answer 12

short root anomaly
radiotherapy, dentine dysplasia, accessory roots

Question 13

name a type of enamel defect and potential causes

Answer 13

amelogenesis imperfecta (hypoplastic, hypocalcified, hypomaturational)
systemic, nutritional, infection, trauma

Question 14

what should you investigate if a child presents with a hard tissue defect

Answer 14

is it localised or generalised

Question 15

what are local hard tissue defects usually attributed to

Answer 15

trauma
caries or abscesses associated with primary incisors

Question 16

what is a common cause of generalised hard tissue defects that is environmental

Answer 16

fluorosis

Question 17

what are generalised hard tissue defects split into

Answer 17

environmental or hereditary

Question 18

name three treatment options for fluorosis

Answer 18

microabrasion
veneers
vital bleaching

Question 19

why may you want to consider vital bleaching for teeth affected by fluorosis after using microabrasion

Answer 19

fluorosis only appears on the superficial layer of enamel
when we take the fluorosis away with microabrasion it can leave dark tissue behind

Question 20

what questions relating to the prenatal period might you want to ask when investigating cause for MIH

Answer 20

rubella
congenital syphilis
fluoride

Question 21

what questions relating to the neonatal period might you want to ask when investigating cause for MIH

Answer 21

low birth weight
prematurity
meningitis

Question 22

what questions relating to the post natal period might you want to ask when investigating cause for MIH

Answer 22

otitis media
measles
chicken pox
TB

Question 23

what are the four types of amelogenesis imperfecta

Answer 23

hypoplasia
hypomineralised
hypomaturation
mixed with taurodontism

Question 24

what is amelogenesis imperfecta associated with

Answer 24

familial inheritance - Autosomal dominant/ recessive/ X-linked

Question 25

does amelogenesis imperfecta affect both dentitions

Answer 25

yes but tends to be worse in permanent

Question 26

what is the radiographic sign of amelogenesis imperfecta

Answer 26

fail to see obvious change in radiolucency between dentine and enamel

Question 27

what occurs in the hypoplastic type amelogenesis imperfecta

Answer 27

enamel crystals do not grow to correct length

Question 28

what occurs in the hypomineralised type amelogenesis imperfecta

Answer 28

crystallites fail to grow in thickness and width

Question 29

name six associated problems of amelogenesis imperfecta

Answer 29

sensitivity
caries susceptibility
poor aesthetics
delayed eruption
poor oral hygiene
difficult bonding to tissue

Question 30

name five treatment options for amelogenesis imperfecta

Answer 30

preventative therapy
composite veneers
fissure sealants
metal onlays
stainless steel crowns when 6s come through

Question 31

name three systemic disorders associated with enamel defects

Answer 31

downs syndrome
prader-willi syndrome
porphyria

Question 32

name three anomalies of dentine structure

Answer 32

dentinogenesis imperfecta
dentine dysplasia
odontodysplasia

Question 33

what is dentine dysplasia

Answer 33

normal crown morphology, amber radiolucency, pulpal obliteration, short constricted roots

Question 34

what is odontodysplasia

Answer 34

localised arrest in tooth development - thin layers of enamel and dentine and large pulp chambers

Question 35

what is dentinogenesis imperfecta associated with

Answer 35

osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 36

what is osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 36

a condition causing children’s bones to be prone to breaking

Question 37

name three problems associated with dentine structure anomalies

Answer 37

aesthetics
caries susceptibility
spontaneous abscess

Question 38

what are 5 treatment options for dentinogenesis imperfecta

Answer 38

prevention
composite veneers
overdentures
removeable prosthesis
stainless steel crowns

Question 39

name 2 structural anomalies of cementum

Answer 39

cleidocranial dysplasia (hypoplasia of cementum)
hypophosphotasia (hypoplasia or aplasia of cementum)

Question 40

name four aetiological factors associated with premature exfoliation of primary teeth

Answer 40

trauma
following pulpotomy
hypophosphatasia
immunological deficiency

Question 41

name five aetiological factors associated with delayed exfoliation of primary teeth

Answer 41

infra-occlusion
double primary teeth
hypodontia
ectopic permanent successor
trauma