Dental anatomy Flashcards by Da Ro

A stray crown is found in your office. It is an anterior tooth and has a cingulum
that is offset from center. What tooth is it most likely to be?
• maxillary canine
• maxillary lateral incisor
• mandibular lateral incisor
• mandibular central incisor

mandibular lateral incisor

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Cingulum:

Max: OCC
Mand: COO

12 total

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Which characteristic below is common to all mandibular anterior teeth?
• distinct cingula with grooves and pits
• incisal edges that are facial to the root axis line
• facial surfaces that are marked by pronounced labial ridges
• continuous convexity incisoapically on the facial surface

continuous convexity incisoapically on facial surface

mandibular anteriors:
indistinct cingula
incisal edges lingual to root axis
continuous incisoapical convexity on facial

mandibular central incisors: occlude only with one other tooth

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Labial ridges

only on canines

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Characteristics of mandibular anteriors:

indistinct cingula
incisal edges lingual to root axis (all mandibular teeth tilted lingually)
continuous incisoapical convexity on facial

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CEJ curvature

mesial > distal
ant > molars

facial and lingual - apically; MD - coronally

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Lateral vs central mandibular incisors:

difference in root length
difference in ratio of crown length to root length
degree of slope of the incisal edge when viewed facially
difference in rotation of the crown on the root

rotation of crown

mandibular lateral incisor crown tips slightly to distal = distolingual twist

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Lateral vs central mandibular incisors:

laterals are larger, not as symmetrical, cingulum on lateral is off-center (slightly distal)

distal proximal contacts on laterals are more apical
distoincisal angles more rounded

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Which tooth occludes only with one tooth?

mandibular central

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The mesial and distal aspects oft he anterior teeth- central incisors, lateral incisors,
and canines, maxillary and mandibular - may be included within triangles.
The base of the triangle is represented by the cervical portion of the crown
and the apex by the incisal ridge.
• both statements are true
• both statements are fa lse
• the first statement is true, the second is fa lse
• the first statement is fa lse, the second is true
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both true

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anterior proximal shapes

triangles

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maxillary posterior proximal shapes

trapezoid

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mandibular posterior proximal shapes

rhomboid

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Which of the following statements best describes the pulp canal of the
mandibular lateral incisor?
• an elliptical shape, consistently wider in the mesiodistal direction
• an elliptical shape, consistently wider in the facio lingual direction
• an elliptical shape, wider in the mesiodistal direction in the pulp chamber, but wider
in the faciolingual direction in the mid-root area
• an elliptical shape, wider in the facio lingual direction in the pulp chamber, but wider
in the mesiodistal direction in the mid-root area
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an elliptical shape, wider in the mesiodistal direction in the pulp chamber,
but wider in the faciolingual direction in the mid-root area

compared to central, larger in all directions

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Which of the following line angles is least “square”?
• mesioincisal of the mandibular lateral incisor
• distoincisal of the mandibular lateral incisor
• mesioincisal of the mandibular central incisor
• distoincisal of the mandibular central incisor
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• distoincisal of the mandibular lateral incisor

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Which tooth has a pulp chamber that is least like the others?
• maxillary central incisor
• mandibular central incisor
• maxillary lateral incisor
• mandibular lateral incisor
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maxillary central

pulp chamber wider MD than FL
widest at cervical, centered

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When looking at the facial or lingual aspect of all anterior teeth, they have a:
• trapezoidal outline
• triangular outline
• rhomboidal outline
• square outline

trapezoidal, shortest toward occlusal

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In maximum intercuspation, which anterior tooth is unique in that it contacts
with both anterior and posterior segments of the opposite arch?
• maxillary first premolar
• maxillary canine
• mandibular first premolar
• mandibular canine
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maxillary canine

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A hockey player comes into your office with his six upper anterior teeth in his
hand. How can you distinguish the right canine from the left canine?
• the root always curves to the distal in the apical one-third
• the distal surface is fuller and more convex than the mesial surface
•labially, the cusp tip is placed distal to a line which bisects the crown and root
•lingually, the cervical line slopes mesially
10
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• the distal surface is fuller and more convex than the mesial surface

mesial surface is straighter than distal surface
distal cusp ridge is longer
tip displaced labially and mesially to long axis

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maxillary canine: compare cusp ridges and proximal surfaces

distal: surface more bulged, cusp ridge longer

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Which of the following terms is specific to canines?
•labial ridge
• lingua I fossa
• mamelons
• cingulum

labial ridge

developmental depressions mesial and distal to labial ridge

mandibular ridge less pronounced

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maxillary canines

largest cingulum
distal bulge
thickest FL of all anterior teeth

LONGEST overall tooth (root + crown)

root has labial ridge = canine emience

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longest tooth overall

maxillary canine

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longest crown

mandibular canine

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A mother brings her three kids to your office for their annual check-ups. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true? • the middle child is 11 and has no adult canine teeth • the youngest child is 10 and has adult mandibular canines only • the oldest child is 12 and has maxillary canines only • the youngest child is 10 and has adult maxillary canines only • the oldest child is 12 and has mandibular canines only 12 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks DENTAL

• the youngest child is 10 and has adult mandibular canines only

Permanent maxillary and mandibular canines: eruption

maxillary after premolars (11-12) | mandibular before premolars (9-10)

Permanent maxillary eruptions:

M1 6-7 CI 7-8 LI 8-9 PM1 10-11 PM2 10-12 C 11-12 M2 12-13 M3 17-21

Permanent mandibular eruptionsL

M1 6-7 CI 6-7 LI 7-8 C 9-10 PM1 10-12 PM2 11-12 M2 11-13

A hockey player comes into your office holding his friend's right canines (maxillary and mandibular) in his hand. His friend, a lacrosse player, got hit by a ball flying under his mask. Which of the following would you look for in the maxillary canine as compared to the mandibular canine? Select all that apply. • it is narrower mesiodistally • it has a more pronounced cingulum • it is wider mesiodistally • it has a shorter root 13 copynght 0 2013·2014 Dental Decks DENTAL

* it has a more pronounced cingulum | * it is wider mesiodistally

mandibular vs maxillary canine

maxillary canine longest tooth overall eruptions: maxillary (11-12) is after PM1 (which is 10-11) mandibular (9-10) is before PM1 (10-12)

max vs mand canines shape: proximal, MD dimension, length cingulum, crown and overall size contact areas

mesial border on mandibular is much straighter (almost parallel to axis of tooth) IJ JM JM on maxillary II II IM on mandibular mandibular is narrower MD and continuous convex incisofacially (like all lower anteriors) maxillary is longer, but mandibular has longer crown on mandibular cingulum is off-center and labial ridge is less distinct

anterior teeth cusp tips relative to long axis

maxillary: cusp tip facial to axis mandibular: cusp tip lingual to axis

``` Which cusp ridge is the longest on the permanent canines? · labial • lingual • mesial • distal ```

distal

What is usual MD vs FL and what are exceptions?

usually FL > MD except maxillary incisors and mandibular molars

Nonsuccedaneous teeth include all of the following EXCEPT one? Which one is the EXCEPTION? • the permanent maxillary and mandibular premolars • the permanent maxillary and mandibular first molars • the permanent maxillary and mandibular second molars • the permanent maxillary and mandibular third molars 15 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks DENTAL

• the permanent maxillary and mandibular premolars nonsuccednaeous are all permanent molars

A mother brings her 1-year-old into your office the day after his first birthday. She says the pediatrician said to have the first dental check-up by this time. What primary teeth are you expecting to see when the child opens? • mandibular incisors only • maxillary incisors only • mandibular and maxillary incisors • all incisors and maxillary canines • all incisors and mandibular canines • all anterior teeth

• mandibular and maxillary incisors

When is calcification of milk roots complete?

3-4

Primary dentition till

6 yrs

Mixed dentition

6-12 yrs

Full permanent dentition

12 yrs

how much of root is formed when tooth begins to erupt?

2/3

General primary eruption sequence

CI LI M1 C M2

What are teeth in primary dentition?

incisors, canines, molars

Rule of primary eruption:

``` 7 months - 4 max + mand centrals 11 mos - 8 laterals 15 mos - 12 1sr molars 19 mos - 16 canines 23 mos - 20 2 molars ``` root complete 1 yr after eruption

Tommy, a pediatric patient of yours, says he lost his top vampire tooth last week and the tooth fairy gave him a dollar for it. What is Tommy's most likely age range when he lost his maxillary canine tooth? • 6-7 years old • 7-8 years old • 10-12 years old • 14-16 years old 17 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks DENTAL

10-12

Which of the following are the cardinal rules regarding the eruption of teeth? Select all that apply. • boys' teeth usually erupt before girls' teeth of the same age • girls' teeth usually erupt before boys' teeth of the same age • maxillary teeth usually erupt before mandibular teeth • mandibular teeth usually erupt before maxillary teeth • the teeth of slender children usually erupt before the teeth of stocky children • the teeth of stocky children usually erupt before the teeth of slender children

girls mandibular slender often permanent mandibular anterior teeth erupt lingual to primary --> two rows of teeth

``` As soon as a child gets his/her _____ he/she is considered to be in the mixed dentition. • permanent canines • permanent first molars • permanent first premolars • permanent second premolars 21 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks ```

• permanent first molars usually mandibular

``` A 15-month-old child walks into your office and begins to cry and hold his mouth in pain. Which teeth have probably not been traumatized, as they are not usually present at 15 months of age? • primary lateral incisors and canines • primary canines and first molars • primary canines and second molars • primary central and lateral incisors • primary first and second molars ```

• primary canines and second molars

A pediatric patient of yours complains of severe pain on chewing. On clinical exam, you see an eruption cyst in the place of the mandibular second molar. What is the most likely age of this patient? ·8 ·10 ·12 ·14

12 erupt 11-13 (maxillary 12-13) apex fully developed 2-3 yrs after eruption

``` At 9 years of age how many primary teeth are present in the mouth? ·0 ·8 4 ·12 ·18 ```

``` A 1-year-old child is expected to have erupted which of the following primary maxillary and mandibular teeth? Select all that apply. • central incisors •lateral incisors •canines • first molars • second molars ```

CI + LI

``` A patient with erupted teeth #8, 7, C, B, A, 3 and unerupted 2 and 1 is most likely what age? ·5 6 · 8 · 10 · 12 ```

A patient comes in with a chief complaint of, "My wife says I wake her up at night with scraping noises from my mouth:' On clinical exam you will expect to find which of the following characteristics of his occlusal contacts? • point-to-point • point-to-area • edge-to-edge • edge-to-area • area-to-area

• area-to-area | not normal, but in bruxism

All posterior teeth have proximal contacts in the: • middle third • junction of the occlusal and middle third • occlusal third • cervical third

middle third for any tooth, mesial contact is more incisal/occlusal than distal EXCEPT mand PM1 which can have it vv

The location of the height of contour on the facial and lingual surfaces of the crowns of teeth can best be seen from the mesial and distal views and is usually located in either the cervical third or the middle third (never the occlusal or incisal third). The location of the height of contour on the facial surface of all crowns is located in or near the cervical third. • both statements are true • both statements are fa lse • the first statement is true, the second is fa lse • the first statement is fa lse, the second is t rue

both true proximal heights are at contacts anterior facial & lingual - cervical posterior facial cervical, lingual middle

Which three mandibular teeth are so aligned that, when viewed from the occlusal, a straight line may be drawn that will bisect all contact areas? • central incisor, lateral incisor, and canine • canine, first premolar, and second premolar • second premolar, first molar, and second molar • lateral incisor, canine, and first premolar 30 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks DENTAL

• second premolar, first molar, and second molar

Cervical line (or CEJ) contours are closely related to the attachment of the gingiva at the neck of the tooth. When doing a crown prep, your margin will slope with the contours of the cervical lines and gingival attachments. On which surfaces will your greatest contour be found? • distal surfaces of anterior teeth • distal surfaces of posterior teeth • mesial surfaces of anterior teeth • mesial surfaces of posterior teeth 31 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks DENTAL

mesial of anterior

``` You are fabricating an interim bridge from 19 to 21. The contact areas on the pontic when viewed from the occlusal view, should be __ of the tooth midline buccolingually. • directly in line • slightly to the lingual • slightly to the facial 32 copynght 0 2013·2014 Dental Decks D ```

• slightly to the facial directly in midline only that straight ling on mandibular - starting at PM2 otherwise all are a little facial

The mesial contact area of a permanent maxillary lateral incisor is usually located: • in the incisal third • in the middle third • at the junction of the incisal and middle thirds 33 copynght 0 2013·2014 Dental Decks

From a facial view, mesial and distal contact areas of mandibular central incisors are located: • in the middle third • at the junction of incisal and middle thirds • at the junction of cervical and middle thirds • cervical to the junction of incisal and middle thirds • incisal to the junction of incisal and middle thirds 34 copynght 0 2013·2014 Dental Decks DE

• incisal to the junction of incisal and middle thirds

``` The contact area on the mesial surface of a mandibular canine is located at the: • middle third • incisal third • cervical third • junction of the middle and cervical thirds 35 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks DENTAL ```

• incisal third

The lingual height of contour on a permanent mandibular second molar is located: • in the middle third • in the cervical third • in the occlusal third • at the junction of the cervical and middle thirds • at the junction of the middle and occlusal thirds

middle third only lingual posteriors all others (lingual and facial anterior and facial posterior) - are cervical

``` Which of the following teeth has its mesial contact located within the incisal or the occlusal one third? • maxillary canine • maxillary first molar • mandibular second premolar • mandibular central incisor 37 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks ```

• mandibular central incisor

The height of contour occlusocervically is located within the middle third of the: • facial surface of a permanent mandibular fi rst molar •lingual surface of a permanent maxillary first molar • distal surface of a permanent central incisor • mesial surface of a permanent canine 38 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks

•lingual surface of a permanent maxillary first molar

A supernumerary tooth between the | maxillary central incisors

mesiodens

Excessive formation of cementum around | the root of a tooth after the tooth has erupted

Hypercementosis

Disorder characterized by the fusion of the | tooth to the bone

Ankylosis

Disorder characterized by the fusion or growing together of two adjacent teeth at the root through the cementum only

Concrescence occurs at apposition stage

The length of the mandibular arch is longer than the maxillary arch. The difference is only about 2 mm. • both statements are true • both statements are fa lse • the first statement is true, the second is fa lse • the first statement is fa lse, the second is true 40 copyright Cl 20 13-2014 Dental Decks

first false, second true maxillary is slightly longer

``` Which of the following is the loss of tooth structure from non-mechanical means? • attrition • abrasion • ankylosis • erosion ```

erosion

``` TERATOGEN 1. Aspirin, valium, dilantin, and cigarette smoke (hypoxia) 2. Cytomegalovirus, toxoplasma 3. Ethyl alcohol 4. Rubella virus 5. X-radiation 6. Vitamin D excess ``` ``` EFFECT A. Microcephaly B. Central mid-face discrepancy C. Premature suture closure D. Cleft lip and palate E. Microcephaly, hydrocephaly, microphthalmia F. Microphthalmia, cataracts, deafness ```

``` 1 - D 2 - E 3 - B 4 - F 5 - A 6 -C ``` 1st trimestser greatest sensitivity

``` Aspirin, valium, dilantin, and cigarette smoke (hypoxia) as teratogen ```

cleft lip and palate

Ethanol as teratogen

midface discrepancy

CMV and toxo as teratogen

microcephaly, hydrocephaly, microphthalmia

Rubella virus as teratogen

Microphthalmia, cataracts, deafness

Vit D excess as teratogen

premature suture closures

X-radiation as teratogen

microcephaly

As you know, there are several kinds of teeth in the human mouth. They all serve different functions. You are in an argument with your friend, a law student, and you test his vocabulary. You call him a , which simply means he has teeth with different morphologies and functions. • polyphyodont • monophyodont • heterodont • diphyodont

heterodont diphyodont - two sets of teeth

``` Which of the following refers to the congenital absence of many, but not all, teeth? • hypodontia • anodontia • oligodontia • hypsodontia ```

oligodontia hypodontia - absence of only a few teeth

``` A child has maxillary incisor protrusion, an anterior open bite, crowded lower anteriors, and a high palatal vault. Which of the following most likely caused this problem? • mouth breathing • thumb sucking • tongue thrusting • using a pacifier • nocturnal bruxism ```

• thumb sucking (or any other sucking habit) usually anterior is asymmetrical but posterior is normal

``` A patient of yours has enamel hypocalcification. You would expect __ quantity of enamel and would describe it as __ . • less than normal; hard • less than normal; soft • normal; soft • normal; hard • more than normal; hard • more than normal; soft ```

normal, soft compare to hypoplasia: quantitative problem fluorosis --> mottled discoloration and pitting

``` Which ofthe following teeth have the most variability in form? • mandibular fi rst premolars • maxillary first molars • mandibular second molars • maxillary lateral incisors • maxillary second premolars 47 copyright Cl 20 13-2014 Dental Decks DENTAL ```

• maxillary lateral incisors can be peg-shaped

``` A mental foramen would be found on X-ray closest to the root of which tooth? ·19 ·14 • 29 • 22 4 ``` copyright Cl 20 13-2014 Dental Decks

29 PM1!

``` Extreme curvature or angulation of tooth roots describes which of the fol lowing conditions? • fusion • gemination • concrescence • dilaceration • dens invaginatus 49 copyright Cl 20 13-2014 Dental Decks ```

• dilacerations gemination: two crowns w one root canal fusion: two germs joined

Pure rotation of the mandible involves which two planes of movement? • frontal • horizontal • sagittal

* frontal (up and down) | * sagittal (forward and backward)

Border movements are the limits to which the mandible can move, whereas functional movements generally occur within the border movements. The maximum opening movement is 50 to 60 mm, depending on the age and size of the individual. • both statements are true • both statements are fa lse • the first statement is true, the second is fa lse • the first statement is fa lse, the second is true

both true

In the natural dentition, centric occlusion is, in a majority of people, __ to centric relation contact and on the average approximately __ mm. • posterior; 2 • anterior; 1 • medial; 2 •lateral; 1

• anterior; 1

``` During sleep, the mandible is in its physiologic rest or postural position. The contact of teeth is: • maximum • not present • premature • slight ```

•not present

``` Which jaw position is a ligament-guided position? • centric occlusion (CO) • centric relation (CR) • rest position of the mandible • none of the above 54 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks ```

• centric relation (CR)

centric occlusion is guided by

teeth

rest position of mandible is guided by

muscles

centric relation (terminal hinge) is guided by

ligaments

terminal hinge =

centric relation

A dental patient is complaining of unilateral jaw pain when chewing. You notice that she only chews on her right side. When a mandibular movement to the right is performed, which condyle moves forward, downward, and medially? • working condyle (right) • non-working condyle (left) 55 copynght 0 2013·2014 Dental Decks

• non-working condyle (left) working side - towards which mandible moves

A 7-year-old male patient with a history of thumb-sucking comes into the orthodontist's office presenting with an anterior open bite. Doing swallowing tests, the orthodontist discovers that the patient needs to involve his tongue to close the freeway space between his teeth. During typical empty mouth swallowing, the mandible is braced in which jaw position to allow for proper stabilization? • centric relation (CR) • intercuspal position (IC) • retruded contact position (RCP) • protruded contact position (PCP)

intercuspal position (aka centric occlusion)

During a right working side movement, the right side molar teeth may contact along the buccal inclines of the maxillary buccal cusps and the lingual inclines of the mandibular buccal cusps. Mandibular protrusion will result in the mesiolingual cusp of the maxillary first molar passing through the central groove toward the distal marginal ridge ofthe mandibular molar. • both statements are true • both statements are fa lse • the first statement is true, the second is fa lse • the first statement is fa lse, the second is true

1 false, 2 true basic contact relationship of maxillary 1st molar: lingually: ML cusp into C fossa of mandibular M1 DL cusp into distal ridge of M1 buccally: MB into mesiofacial groove; DB into distofacial groove ==> in protrusion: ML cusp of maxillary slides along central groove distally and meets distal ridge in working side movement, contact along lingual inclines of buccal maxillary and buccal of buccal mandibular

Retrusive movement requires the condyles to move backward and upward. In protrusive movement, the condyles of the mandible have moved in a downward and forward direction. • both statements are true • both statements are fa lse • the first statement is true, the second is fa lse • the first statement is fa lse, the second is true 58 copynght 0 2013·2014 Dental Decks DENTAL

both true

Anterior guidance is a result of: • horizontal and vertical overlap • vertical and posterior cusp height • horizontal overlap and posterior cusp height • intercondylar distance and free way space • intercondylar distance and postural vertical dimension 60 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks DENTAL

• horizontal and vertical overlap provided by anterior teeth when mandible goes into lateral or protrusive mvmt determined by vertical overbite and horizontal overjet provides disclusion of posterior teeth when mandible protrudes or moves to side

what provides disclusion of posterior teeth when mandible protrudes

anterior guidance: overjet and overbite

In a patient with a left canine protection, the mesiolingual surface of the maxillary right first molar contacts the distofacial surface of the mandibular right first molar during a left lateral excursion. This contact is: • normal • evidence of group function • a working side interference • a non-working side interference • normal, and a non-working side interference 61 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks

a non-working side interference canine protection - left side contact of canine during left working movement all other left teeth are out of contact at this point before protection reached, may be some contacts on left side = group function in all cases of left working movement, right nonworking side teeth SHOULD NOT be in contact --> not normal, interferences

An endodontist is performing root canal therapy on a permanent maxillary first molar. Since he is a very thorough endodontist, he knows he should look for a fourth canal. Which root of a maxillary first molar commonly has two root canals? • the palata I root • the distobuccal root • the mesiobuccal root • none of the above

mesiobuccal root maxillary first usually three roots and four canals palatal usually largest mesiobuccal usually very wide in all molar, root canals join the pulp chamber apical to CEJ

``` In which teeth will we most likely see a bifurcation in the apical third of the root? • mandibular molars • maxillary first molars • maxillary second molars • maxillary first premolars • maxillary second premolars • mandibular premolars ```

• maxillary first premolars

bifurcating or two roots

``` mandibular molars (M and D, split in cervical or middle third) and maxillary 1pm (palatal and buccal, split in apical third) ```

During a surgical extraction of the maxillary first molar, a rough oral surgeon accidentally perforates the maxillary sinus. If he perforated the sinus with one of the roots of the first molar, which root is the most likely candidate, given that it is the largest, longest, and strongest ofthe three roots? • mesiobuccal • distobuccal • palatal

palatal distobuccal is smallest! palatal root is wider FL than MD on maxillary M2s, less divergent

From a developmental viewpoint, all mandibular molars have __ major cusps, whereas maxillary molars have only __ major cusps . • 6; 5 • 5; 4 • 4; 3 -3;2

4, 3 maxillary molars have oblique ridge from ML to DB

Max vs mand molars: lingual cusps

almost equal size on mandibular; one big and one small on maxillary

oblique ridge

on maxillary molars, b/w ML and DB cusps

``` A fissured groove is most frequently found on the: • facial surface of maxillary molars • lingual surface of maxillary molars • facial surface of mandibular molars • lingual surface of mandibular molars 66 copynght 0 2013·2014 Dental Decks ```

• lingual surface of maxillary molars

Stensen duct

2 max molar

Mandibular first molar pulp

usually two canals in mesial root (small and circular), | one kidney-shaped in distal

A dental student is performing root canal therapy on an extracted maxillary molar in her preclinical endodontics course. Her pre-operative radiograph shows four canals (two canals in the MB root). She should expect the shape of the floor of the pulp chamber in this maxillary molar to be roughly: • square • rhomboidal • triangular • circular

triangular floor rhomboidal on cervical cross-section MB acute, DB obtuse

``` From a mesial or distal aspect, all mandibular posterior teeth have a: • triangular outline • rhomboidal outline •trapezoidal outline • square outline • rectangular outline 70 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks DENTAL ```

rhomboidal maxillay posteriors are trapezoid

``` The distolingual cusp on the permanent maxillary molars is also called a: • cusp of Carabelli • talon cusp • dens evaginatus • trigone ```

talon cusp primary cusps make trigon (triangle, w/oblique ridge) carabelli is on ML cusp

where is carabelli?

ML cusp of maxillary molars

A dentist is completing a disto-occlusal restoration on a permanent maxillary first molar. He is carving the distal marginal ridge. He makes sure to give it width for support and must round it to create an embrasure. In order to get the correct height occlusocervically, he should match the distal marginal ridge of the maxillary first molar to the: • mesial marginal ridge of the maxillary second premolar • mesial marginal ridge of the mandibular first molar • mesial marginal ridge of the maxillary second molar • distal marginal ridge of t he maxillary second premolar

• mesial marg inal ridge of the maxillary second molar

``` How many roots are visible from the buccal aspect of a maxillary first molar? • one root • two roots • three roots • four roots ```

three

Fibers from the ventral ramus of Cl travel with the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) to the geniohyoid and thyrohyoid. Fibers from the ventral rami of C1 -C3 combine to form the ansa cervicalis, which gives off branches to the omohyoid, sternohyoid, and sternothyroid. • both statements are true • both statements are fa lse • the first statement is true, the second is fa lse • the first statement is fa lse, the second is true 74 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks DENTAL

both true

``` Which of the following suprahyoid muscles are innervated by the facial nerve? Select all that apply. • mylohyoid muscle • anterior belly of digastric muscle • posterior belly of digastric muscle • stylohyoid muscle • geniohyoid muscle ```

posterior digastric | stylohyoid

``` There are two sets of lingual muscles: extrinsic and intrinsic. The extrinsic muscles: • alter the shape of the tongue • move the tongue as a whole • all originate from the mandible • are all innervated by the hypoglossal nerve 76 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks ```

• move the tongue as a whole

``` Which muscle presses the cheek against molar teeth, working with the tongue to keep food between the occlusal surfaces and out of the oral vestibule? • zygomaticus major • depressor labii inferi oris • buccinator •levator anguli oris 77 copynght 0 2013·2014 Dental Decks ```

• buccinator

``` A new patient comes in with a history of malignant cancer. When the patient opens, the mandible deviates to the left. You suspect a tumor blocking nervous innervation to which muscle? • right medial pterygoid •left medial pterygoid • right lateral pterygoid • left lateral pterygoid 78 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks ```

• left lateral pterygoid

After seating a new crown on tooth #19 you need to check excursive movements. You ask the patient to slide her jaw to the right to make sure there are contacts on #19 during this movement. What muscle does the patient use to move her jaw like this? • right medial pterygoid •left medial pterygoid • right lateral pterygoid • left lateral pterygoid

• left lateral pterygoid

Retrusion (retruding the jaw) results from: • the bil ateral contraction of the anterior (vertical) fibers of the temporalis muscle • the bilateral contraction of the posterior (horizontal) fibers of the temporalis muscle • the unilateral contraction of the anterior (vertica l) fibers of the temporal is muscle • the unil ateral contraction of the posterior (horizontal) fibers of the temporalis muscle

• the bilateral contraction of the posterior (horizontal) fibers of the temporalis muscle

A 22-year-old female dental student comes into your dental practice for a regular check-up. She states that she has never had any problems with her teeth, and upon examination you notice that only one pair of teeth seem to have contact during lateral movements ofthe mandible. Which teeth should ideally provide the predominant guidance through the full range of movement in lateral mandibular excursions? • premolars • first molars • incisors • canines

• canines

In an ideal intercuspal position, the mesiobuccal cusp of the permanent maxillary first molar opposes the: • the distobuccal groove of the mandibular first molar • the buccal groove of the mandibular second molar • the mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular first molar • the developmental groove between the distobuccal and the distal cusps of the mandibular first molar 82 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks

• the mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular first molar

Class I occlusion:

mandibular first molar is slightly anterior to maxillary first molar MB cusp of maxillary first in buccofacial groove of mand first max canine in embrasure between mandib canine and 1st premolar

Class II Div I occlusion occurrence of II?

maxillary arch is mesial to mandibular MB cusp at embrasure between PM2 and M1 + max canine is anterior to mandib canine excessive overjet II occurrence is 25%

Class II Div II occlusion how different from Div I?

maxillary arch is mesial to mandibular MB cusp of maxillary M1 is in embrasure between PM2 and M1 + max canine is anterior to mand canine maxillary anteriors are retroclined --> deeper overbite but smaller overjet

Class III occlusion occurrence?

mandible is mesial to maxilla prognathism MB max cusp is in distofacial groove of mandib M1 max canine is behind or on mandib PM1 LEAST COMMON 5%

An archaeologist consults a dentist about some findings he had on a dig. The teeth the archeologist finds have four cusps - two of them taller and pointed, two of them shorter, rounded, and dull. The dentist tells the archaeologist that these teeth are similar to our human molars. The broader, more rounded cusps are: • non-supporting and working • supporting and balancing • supporting and working • non-supporting and balancing

• supporting and working

``` Which permanent teeth occlude with only one tooth in the opposite jaw, assuming ideal relations exist? • maxillary canines • maxillary central incisors • mandibular central incisors • mandibular third molars 85 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks ```

• mandibular central incisors also upper third molars

In an ideal intercuspal position, the facial cusp tip of a maxillary first premolar opposes the: • facial embrasure between the mandibular first and second premolars • facial embrasure between the mandibular second premolar and the mandibular first molar • opposing central fossa • opposing mesial marginal ridge 86 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks

• facial embrasure between the mandibular first and second premolars

In the intercuspal position, where does the mesiolingual cusp of a permanent maxillary first molar occlude? • the distal triangular fossa of f irst premolar • the distal triangular fossa of second premolar • the central fossa of the mandibular fi rst molar • the distal marginal ridge of mandibular first molar 87 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks

• the central fossa of the mandibular fi rst molar

In the intercuspal position, where does the distal cusp of a permanent mandibular first molar occlude? • the distal triangular fossa of the maxillary second premolar • the distal fossa of the maxillary fi rst molar • the central fossa of the maxillary second molar • the mesial marginal ridge of the maxillary first molar and distal marginal ridge of the maxillary second premolar 88 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks

• the distal fossa of the maxillary fi rst molar

In an ideal intercuspal position, the mesiolingual cusp of a permanent mandibular molar opposes: • the opposing central fossae •the lingual embrasure between their class counterpart and the tooth distal to it • the opposing distal marginal ridge • the lingual embrasure between their class counterpart and the tooth mesial to it 91 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks

• the lingual embrasure between their class counterpart and the tooth mesial to it

``` Which of the following positions would yield the smallest measurement of vertical dimension? • reverse overlap • edge-to-edge • retruded contact • maximum intercuspation 92 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks ```

• maximum intercuspation

A patient presents to the dentist for examination and bites into centric occlusion. The permanent maxillary canine is found to be mesial to the mandibular canine. This type of occlusion is classified as: • cl ass I • cl ass II • cl ass Ill • cl ass IV

There are four theoretical determinants needed to restore a complete and functional occlusal surface. They include all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? • the amount of vertical overlap of the anterior teeth • the contour of the articu lar eminence • the relative strength of the muscles of mastication • the amount and direction of lateral shift in the working side condyle • the position of the tooth in the arch 94 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks

• the relative strength of the muscles of mastication

The basic principles for occlusal adjustment include all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? • the maximum distribution of occlusal stresses in centric relation • the forces of occlusion should be borne as much as possible by the long axis of the teeth • when there is surface-to-surface contact of flat cusps, it should be changed to a point-to-surface contact • once centric occlusion is established, never take the teeth out of centric occlusion • when a slide from CR to ICP is natural, it should never be modified

• when a slide from CR to ICP is natural, it should never be modified The basic principles for occlu sal adjustment include: • The maximum distribution of occlusal stresses in centric relation • The forces of occlusion should be borne as much as possible by the long axis of the teeth • When there is surface-to-surface contact of flat cusps, it should be changed to a point-to surface contact • Once centric occlusion is established, never take the teeth out of centric occlusion

``` The determinant factors of occlusion include all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? • the temporomandibular joint • the masticatory muscles • the tongue and buccal mucosa position • the biomechanics of the temporomandibular joint • the dentition and the occlusal table 96 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks ```

• the tongue and buccal mucosa position

Determinants of occlusion, ant/post and variability

TMJs and ligaments = posterior determinants, fixed teeth - anterior, variable neuromuscular - determined by teeth

Five requirements for occlusal stability:

1. Stable stops on all teeth when the condyles are in centric occlusion. 2. Anterior guidance in harmony with the border movement of the envelope of function. 3. Disclusion of all posterior teeth in protrusive movements. 4. Disclu sion of all posterior teeth on the nonworking (ba lancing) side. 5. Noninterference of all posterior teeth on the working side, with either the lateral anterior guidance, or the border movements of the condyle. The working-side posterior teeth may contact in lateral group function if they are in precise harmony with anterior guidance and condylar guidance, or they may be discluded from working-side contacts by the lateral anterior guidance.

The centric relation (CR) is the most unstrained, retruded anatomic and functional position of the heads of the condyles or the mandible in the __ of the temporomandibular joints. This is a relationship of the __ of the upper and lower jaws __ tooth contact. The presence or absence of teeth, or the type of occlusion or malocclusion, __ factors. • mandibular fossae/ bones/independent of/are not • mandibular fo ramen/teeth/dependent on/are • mandibular fossae/bones/dependent on/are • mandibular fossae/teeth/dependent on/are • mandibular fo ramen/bones/independent of/are not 97 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks

mandibular fossae/ bones/ independent / are not compare to centric OCCLUSION - which depends on teeth and not condyles

Anterior guidance (anterior coupling) is the guidance provided by the anterior teeth when the mandible goes into a lateral or protrusive movement. If anterior guidance can be accomplished, the least amount of force will be placed on the posterior teeth during lateral and protrusive movements. • both statements are t rue • both statements are false • the first statement is true, the second is false • the first statement is fa lse, the second is true 98 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks

both true

A patient's mother comes in to complain that her child's upper front teeth rest in front of his lower lip. You explain to her that this is called __ _ • overjet • overbite • underjet • open bite

overjet

Generally, the deeper the curve of Spee, the more difficult it is to make and adjust interocclusal appliances that are used in the treatment of bruxism. Increasing the curve of Spee can reduce the vertical overlap of the teeth. • both statements are t rue • both statements are false • the first statement is true, the second is false • the first statement is fa lse, the second is true 100 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks

first is true, second is false reducing spee can reduce overlap Two curves: curve of spee: anteroposterior curvature of occlusal surfaces; begins at tip of lower canine to anterior border of ramus; ideally extends through condyles. curve of Wilson: mediolateral curve that contacts buccal and ligual cusps on each side. results from inward incline of lower posteriors spee+wilson = monson

Curve of Spee:

anteroposterior

Curve of Wilson

mediolateral

Monson curve

Spee + Wilson

``` The mandible functions as a: • class I lever • class II lever • class Ill lever ```

class III

``` Which of the following types of oral mucosa are keratinized under normal conditions? Select all that apply. • vermillion border of the lips • hard palate • gingiva • buccal mucosa • dorsa l surface of the tongue ```

vermillion border hard palate some gingiva dorsal toongue

The principal fibers of the periodontal ligament are arranged in four groups. The molecular configuration of collagen fibers in the periodontal ligament provides them with a tensile strength greater than that of steel. • both statements are true • both statements are fa lse • the fi rst statement is true, the second is false • the first statement is fa lse, the second is true 103 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks

first false, second true five groups of fibers! (don't forget interradicular) gingival also 5 groups

``` The gingival fibers are arranged in five groups. Which of the following is NOT one of those groups? • circular group • dentogingival group • apical group • transseptal group • dentoperiosteal group • alveologingival group ```

• apical group

The junctional epithelium consists of a collar-like band of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium. The reduced enamel epithelium is not essential for its formation. • both statements are true • both statements are fa lse • the first statement is true, the second is fa lse • the first statement is fa lse, the second is true 105 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks

1 false 2 true jct epithelium: collar of stratified squamous nonkeratinized REE non-essential, can form without and later and everything

Bone consists of: • two-thirds organic matter and one-third inorganic matrix • one-third organic matter and two-thirds inorganic matrix • one-half organic matter and one-half inorganic matrix • two-thirds inorganic matter and one-third organic matrix 106 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks

• two-thirds inorganic matter and one-third organic matrix

Although the average width of the periodontal ligament space is documented to be about , considerable variation exists. •0.002mm •0.2mm •2.0mm •20mm

•0.2mm has free endings (noci) Ruffini (apical) Meissner (mechano, midroot) vibration spindles

``` ___ are the most common cells in the periodontal ligament and appear as ovoid or elongated cells oriented along the principal fibers, exhibiting pseudopodia-like processes. • cementoblasts • osteoblasts • fibroblasts • macro phages 108 copynght 0 2013·2014 Dental Decks ```

f/bl

Of the choices listed below, which one describes the boundaries that define the attached gingiva? • from the gingiva l margin to the interdental groove • from the free gingiva l groove to the gingiva l margin • from the mucogingival junction to the free gingiva l groove • from the epitheli al attachment to the cementoenamel junction 109 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks

• from the mucogingival junction to the free gingiva l groove

``` The attachment apparatus is composed of all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? • periodontal ligament • cementum • alveolar process of the maxillae and mandible • gingiva 110 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks ```

• gingiva

The principal fibers of the periodontal ligament are composed mainly of collagen type I. The amount of collagen in a tissue can be determined by its glycine content. • both statements are true • both statements are fa lse • the first statement is true, the second is fa lse • the first statement is fa lse, the second is true 111 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks

1 true 2 false amt of collagen - hydroxyproline content PDL also has oxytalan and elaunin but no elastic

Because of the high turnover rate, the connective tissue of the gingiva has a remarkably good healing and regenerative capacity. The reparative capacity of the gingival connective tissues is better than that of the periodontal ligament and the epithelial tissue. • both statements are true • both statements are fa lse • the first statement is true, the second is fa lse • the first statement is fa lse, the second is true 112 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks

1 true 2 wrong

The narrowest band of attached gingiva is found: • on the lingual surfaces of maxillary incisors and the facia l surfaces of maxillary first molars • on the facial surfaces of mandibular second premolars and the lingual surface of canines • on the facial surfaces of the mandibular canine and first premolar and the lingual surfaces adjacent to the mandibular incisors and canines • none of the above 113 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks

on the facial surfaces of the mandibular canine and first premolar and the lingual surfaces adjacent to the mandibular incisors and canines facial generally greatest in incisor regions

``` Which tooth is most likely to be unnecessarily endodontically treated by a novice dentist who sees a radiolucency on the radiograph? • mandibular canine • mandibular second premolar • mandibular f irst molar • maxillary first premolar 114 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks ```

• mandibular second premolar most common type - 5 lobes, 3 cusps

``` Which tooth has a mesial marginal ridge that is distinctly shorter in length and less prominent in height than the distal marginal ridge? • maxillary second premolar • mandibular fi rst premolar • mandibular second premolar • maxillary first premolar 115 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks ```

• mandibular fi rst premolar

On mandibular premolars, the lingual cusps are much smaller than the buccal cusps. On maxillary premolars, the buccal cusps are smaller than the lingual cusps. • both statements are t rue • both statements are false • the first statement is t rue, the second is false • the first statement is fa lse, the second is true 116 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks

1 true 2 false on maxillary, lingual cusps are smaller, but only slightly

``` Which premolar is the only one that has a mesial buccal cusp ridge that is longer than its distal buccal cusp ridge? • mandibular first premolar • mandibular second premolar • maxillary first premolar • maxillary second premolar 118 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks ```

• maxillary first premolar

prominent feature of max first premolar

mediobuccal cusp ridge longer than distal;; opposite for every other PM has mesial marginal groove largest of PMs

prominent feature of mand first premolar

mesial marginal is lower and shorter than distal marginal smallest of PMs mesio-lingual groove!

``` The largest of all the premolars are the ___ and the smallest are the • maxillary first, mandibular first • maxillary first, mandibular second • maxillary second, mandibular first • maxillary second, mandibular second 119 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks ```

• maxillary first, mandibular first

A hockey player comes into your office with both of his maxillary right premolars in hand. Which ofthe following characteristics would you NOT use to distinguish the first from the second maxillary premolar? • number of roots • symmetry (one is more symmetrical t han the other) • mesial to distal cusp ridge ratio • presence of mesic-lingual developmental groove • central groove size and supplemental groove number 120 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks

• presence of mesio-lingual developmental groove this is on mandibular 1st PM

max PMs: 1 vs 2

1st - 2 roots; 2nd - more ovoid and regular DBCR>MBCR on PM2 (vv on PM1) 2nd doesn't have mesial developmental depression shorter central groove with more supplementals

The dental lamina is a horseshoe-shaped band of epithelial tissue that arises from the ____ and is surrounded by mesenchymal cells. • basement membrane • basal lamina • ectomesenchyme • oral epithelium

• oral epithelium

Enamel matrix is an ectodermal product because ameloblasts are derived from the inner enamel epithelium of the enamel organ, which was originally derived from the ectodermal layer of the embryo. Enamel matrix is first formed in the incisal/occlusal portion of the future crown near the forming DEJ. • both statements are t rue • both statements are false • the first statement is t rue, the second is false • the first statement is fa lse, the second is true

both true

Mature enamel is by weight: • 74% mineralized or inorganic materi al, 20% organic material, and 6% water • 80% mineralized or inorganic materi al, 18% organic material, and 2% water • 90% mineralized or inorganic materi al, 9% o rganic material, and 1% water • 96% mineralized or inorganic materi al, 1% organic material, and 3% water 123 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks

• 96% mineralized or inorganic material, 1% organic material, and 3% water

``` Which of the following are partially calcified vertical defects in the enamel resembling cracks or fractures that traverse the entire length of the crown from the surface to the DEJ. • enamel tufts • enamel spindles • enamel rods • enamel lamellae 124 copynght 0 2013·2014 Dental Decks ```

lamellae

``` The mesenchymal cells in the dental papilla adjacent to the inner enamel epithelium differentiate into: • ameloblasts • odontoblasts • cementoblasts • fibroblasts ```

• odontoblasts

``` Which structure is the central core and fills the bulk of the enamel organ? • outer enamel epithelium • inner enamel epithelium • stratum intermedium • stellate reticu lum ```

• stellate reticu lum

A patient comes into your dental clinic holding a bag of ice to the side of his face and a sliver of ice tucked between his cheek and teeth. He says the cold relieves the pain in his tooth. This is almost indicative of partial necrosis of the structure which innervates the whole tooth. This structure is a connective tissue that develops from the: • enamel organ • dental papilla • epithelial rests of Malassez • dental sac

• dental papilla

Which ofthe following statements concerning dentin are true? Select all that apply. • it is hard, elastic, 70% inorganic, 20% organic, and 10% water • the main cell type is the odontoblast, which is derived from ectomesenchyme • the inorganic component consists of mainly calcium hydroxyapatite • it is less mineralized than cementum or bone but more mineralized than enamel 128

* it is hard, elastic, 70% inorganic, 20% organic, and 10% water * the main cell type is the odontoblast, which is derived from ectomesenchyme * the inorganic component consists of mainly calcium hydroxyapatite

A 3-year-old boy is being rushed by his mother to finish up his ice-cream. He is unwilling to bite into it because it hurts his teeth. The reason the teeth of children are more sensitive to thermal changes than those of an adult is that: • newly erupted teeth have more dentin than older teeth • newly erupted teeth have larger dental pulps • newly erupted teeth have more differentiated mesenchymal cells • newly erupted teeth have less ground substance 129 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks

• newly erupted teeth have larger dental pulps

``` Gemination and fusion occur during which stage of tooth development? • initiation • bud stage • cap stage • bell stage • appositional stage • maturation stage ```

• cap stage (all weird shapes here) size discrepancies - in bell stage dysplasia, concrescence and pearls in apposition

A 14-year-old boy comes into the dental office for a prophylaxis. A diet evaluation reveals that he consumes 3-4 cans of soda a day and eats a box of fruit snacks every week. Radiographs show multiple incipient interproximal carious lesions and one cavitated carious lesion in his premolar. The cavitated lesion in the premolar is beginning to encroach on the pulpal tissue. Reparative dentin is usually formed in response to injury. The primary function of which tissue is responsible for forming this reparative dentin? • enamel • hertwig's epithelial root sheath • dental pulp • cementum

• dental pulp

``` The dental tissue which most closely mimics bone is: • enamel • dentin • dental pulp • cementum ```

• cementum

Which of the following statements concerning cementum are true? Select all that apply. • it is formed by cementoblasts from the periodontal ligament • the organic portion is primarily composed of co llagen and protein • cellular cementum occurs more frequently on the coronal two-thirds of the root • it is avascular

* it is formed by cementoblasts from the periodontal ligament * the organic portion is primarily composed of co llagen and protein * it is avascular Note: The composition of bone is roughly 50% inorganic, 25% collagen, and 25% water.

The junction between primary and secondary dentin is characterized by a sharp change in the direction of dentinal tubules. Tertiary dentin is the dentin formed in a tooth before the completion of the apical foramen of the root. • both statements are t rue • both statements are false • the first statement is t rue, the second is false • the first statement is fa lse, the second is true 134 copynght 0 2013·2014 Dental Decks

1 true 2 false

``` Which of the following is formed inside the walls of the dentinal tubules? • tertiary dentin • mantle dentin • peritubular dentin • intertubula ```

• peritubular dentin

``` After the lEE differentiates into preameloblasts, the outer cells of the dental papilla are induced by the preameloblasts to differentiate into: • fibroblasts • osteoblasts • odontoblasts • cementoblasts 136 copynght 0 2013·2014 Dental Decks D ```

• odontoblasts

The application of excessive heat to a tooth results in pain because: • excessive stimulation of a heat receptor always resu lts in pain • heat receptors in the pulp have a low threshold to pain • all stimuli to the pulp resu lts in a pain sensation • blood vessels of the pulp expand and cause strangulation of the t issue 137 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks DENTAL

• all stimuli to the pulp results in a pain sensation the only nerve ending in pulp is free nerve endings which are NOCI located in Raschkow (cell-rich)

``` Which of the following is a shallow groove or line between the primary parts of the crown or root? • fossa • su lcus • developmental groove • supplemental groove 138 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks ```

• developmental groove sulcus has groove on its bottom supplemental doesn't mark jxn of primary parts

When two teeth in the same arch are in contact, their curvatures adjacent to the contact areas form spillway spaces called embrasures. The design of contact areas, interproximal spaces, and embrasures varies with the form and alignment of the various teeth; each section of the two arches shows similarity ofform. • both statements are t rue • both statements are false • the first statement is t rue, the second is false • the first statement is fa lse, the second is true 139 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks

both true

When viewed from the facial, all posterior teeth have proximal contacts in the middle third. The more posterior teeth (the molars) have contacts higher in the middle third than the premolars. • both statements are t rue • both statements are false • the first statement is t rue, the second is false • the first statement is fa lse, the second is true 140 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks DENTAL

1 true 2 wrong

A 16-year-old patient is referred to the orthodontist's office needing work to fix her malocclusion. Before the patient's first appointment, the orthodontist reviews the clinical photographs of the patient and notices mamelons. Mamelons are unusual in older patients and would indicate that the patient most likely has which ofthe following malocclusions? • posterior cross bite • posterior open bite • anterior open bite • edge-to-edge class Ill dental occlusion 141 copynght 0 2013·2014 Dental Decks DENTAL

• anterior open bite

Which ofthe following are true concerning developmental grooves? Select all that apply. • they are formed during tooth development • they usually separate the primary parts of the crown or root • they are important escape ways for cusps during lateral and protrusive jaw motions and for food particles during mastication • they are broad, deep, linear depressions 142 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks DENTAL

• they are formed during tooth development • they usually separate the primary parts of the crown or root + they are important escape ways for cusps during lateral and protrusive jaw motions and for food particles during mastication they are shallow pits are at junctions or termination of grooves

In many older individuals, gingival recession leads to an unaesthetic problem affectionately known as "black triangle disease:' This is caused by the Joss of gingival tissue in the interdental space. The interdental space is the: • occlusal (incisal) border at which the gingiva meets the tooth • portion of the gingiva that fil ls the interproximal space • collar of t issue that is not attached to the tooth or alveolar bone • band or zone of gray to light or coral pink keratinized masticatory mucosa that is firmly bound down to the underlying bone

• portion of the gingiva that fil ls the interproximal space

``` Which of the following types of ridges is unique to permanent maxillary molars? • a labial ridge • a marginal ridge • an oblique ridge • a t ransverse ridge 144 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks DENTAL ```

• an oblique ridge

``` Transverse ridges are very common on which of the following? Select all that apply. • mandibular premolars • mandibular molars • maxillary premolars • maxillary molars 145 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks ```

* mandibular molars * maxillary premolars transverse ridge = buccal + lingual triangular ridges

A 7-year-old patient comes into your pediatric practice for a routine prophylaxis. When conducting an intra-oral exam you comment to him that you notice that he has just eaten something sticky like gummy worms or fruit snacks. The chewing surface of posterior teeth, and the likely location of sticky food deposits in this patient, is referred to as the: • cl inical crown • incisal edge • occlusal surface • anatomic crown

• occlusal surface

``` All anterior teeth show traces of: • one lobe • two lobes • three lobes • four lobes ```

four exceptions: 5 lobes in mand PM2 and M1

A young patient comes to the clinic complaining that he gets too much food stuck behind his front tooth when he bites. On examination, the dentist notes an anomalous, claw-shaped cusp which projects from the cingulum of tooth #9. This small elevation of enamel found on the crown portion of a tooth would be classified as a: • tubercle •mamelon • ridge • developmental depression

• tubercle

``` Each tooth has: • two point angles • four point angles • six point angles • eight point angles tooth terms 149 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks DENTAL ```

• four point angles line angles - 8 in posterior, 6 in anterior

``` Any linear elevation on the surface of a tooth is called: • an incline • a prominence • a ridge • a tuberosity ```

ridge

``` Which tooth in the mouth has the greatest axial inclination relative to the occlusal plane? • maxillary canine • maxillary lateral incisor • maxillary central incisor 151 copynght 0 2013·2014 Dental Decks ```

• maxillary central incisor

``` Which teeth have the most variable crown shape of all permanent teeth? • maxillary lateral incisors • mandibular lateral incisors • maxillary third molars • mandibular second premolars 152 copynght 0 2013·2014 Dental Decks ```

• maxillary third molars mandibulars not as often anomalous

Which of the following statements concerning the mandibular lateral incisor are true? Select all that apply. • the mandibular lateral incisor is a little larger in all dimensions than the mandibular central incisor • the crown of the mandibular lateral incisor is not as bilaterally symmetri cal as the mandibular central incisor • the cingulum is directly in the center of the lingual surface • the single root is usually straight, slightly longer and wider than that of a mandibular central

• the mandibular lateral incisor is a little larger in all dimensions than the mandibular central incisor • the crown of the mandibular lateral incisor is not as bilaterally symmetri cal as the mandibular central incisor • the single root is usually straight, slightly longer and wider than that of a mandibular central

``` Which tooth is considered the"cornerstone" ofthe permanent dentition? • maxillary canine • maxillary second molar • mandibular canine • mandibular first molar 154 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks DENTAL ```

• mandibular first molar bc first to erupt

A patient walks into your office holding three crowns in her hand and claims that they fell out during a car accident. You notice that one of the crowns has a mesiolingual developmental groove. This is a dead giveaway that this tooth is a: • maxillary first premolar • mandibular first premolar • maxillary second premolar • mandibular second premolar 155 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks

• mandibular first premolar

You are sifting through extracted teeth to practice a root canal. Since you will rarely do a third molar root canal in practice, you throw those out right away. What is the most reliable distinguishing feature of the mandibular third molar? • fused and compressed root system • short, bulbous outline of the crown • marginal ridge forming a smooth circle • marked distal inclination of the root trunk • great morphologic resemblance to the first molar

• marked distal inclination of the root trunk

``` The most distinguishable difference between the maxillary first and second permanent premolars is: • the size of the crown • the number of roots • the curvature of the facial surface • the length of the lingual cusp ```

• the number of roots

The maxillary first molar is the largest tooth in the maxillary arch and also has the largest crown in the permanent dentition. All maxillary molars are wider buccolingually than mesiodistally; in comparison, the mandibular molars are wider mesiodistally. • both statements are t rue • both statements are false • the first statement is t rue, the second is false • the first statement is fa lse, the second is true 158 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks

both true

``` The _____ are the only teeth in the permanent dentition with a vertical and centrally placed labial ridge. • central incisors • lateral incisors • canines • premolars ```

canines

A linguogingival groove may be present on the root (and possibly on the crown) of the maxillary lateral incisor. A maxillary lateral incisor has a single conical root that is relatively smooth and straight but may curve slightly to the distal. • both statements are true • both statements are false • the first statement is true, the second is fa lse • the first statement is fa lse, the second is t rue 160 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks

both true

linguogingival groove

max lateral incisor

When filling a Class II amalgam you are having trouble fitting the matrix band perfectly and keep getting an overhang in the cervical area. What surfaces are you preparing? • mesio-occlusal of a maxillary first premolar • disto-occlusal of a maxillary first premolar • mesio-occlusal of a maxillary second premolar • disto-occlusal of a maxillary second premolar • mesio-occlusal of a mandibular first premolar • disto-occlusal of a mandibular first premolar

• mesio-occlusal of a maxillary first premolar bc pronounced mesial concavity + mesial developmental depression

pronounced mesial concavity

max PM1 + mesial developmental depression

A mandibular canine is wider labiolingually and mesiodistally than a maxillary canine. The crown of the mandibular canine can be as long or even longer than that of a maxillary canine. • both statements are true • both statements are false • the first statement is true, the second is fa lse • the first statement is fa lse, the second is t rue

1 wrong 2 right mandibular canine is narrower FL and MD

``` Which tooth has two forms: the three-cusp type and the two-cusp type? • maxillary first premolar • mandibular second premolar • mandibular first premolar • maxillary second premolar 163 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks ```

• mandibular second premolar

The outline of the crown of a maxillary second molar is narrower mesiodistally than that of a maxillary first molar but is about the same width buccolingually. Two crown outline types are possible on the maxillary second molar when viewed from the occlusal: rhomboidal and heart-shaped. • both statements are true • both statements are fa lse • the first statement is true, the second is fa lse • the first statement is fa lse, the second is t rue

both true

compare maxillary molars crown

1 wider MD, but about same FL 2 may miss 4th cusp --> looks like heart 2 is more angular; buccal longer than lingual 1 buccal similar to lingual in length

You buy a batch of pre-fabricated temporary crown restorations for your office for the first time. Your assistant drops the entire box on the ground and they all get mixed up. The hardest tooth to distinguish left from right will be the: • maxillary second molar • maxillary first molar • mandibular first molar • mandibular second molar

• mandibular second molar (it is the most symmetrical molar) super symmetrical, looks like squares with + groove

+ groove

mand M2

The mandibular central incisors are the smallest and simplest teeth of the permanent dentition. The mandibular central has a simple root, which is very narrow labiolingually and wide mesiodistally. • both statements are true • both statements are false • the first statement is true, the second is fa lse • the first statement is fa lse, the second is t rue

1 true 2 false root v narrow MD, wider FL

A permanent maxillary central incisor usually has how many mamelons and developmental lobes? • two mamelons and two developmental lobes • two mamelons and three developmental lobes • three mamelons and two developmental lobes • three mamelons and four developmental lobes 167 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks

• three mamelons and four developmental lobes

plier handle roots

max M1

pentagonal occlusal shape

mandib M1

inclination of lingual cusp on maxillary PMs?

mesial

root of mandibular canine

ovoid, longer FL, wider MD on labial

``` Which ligaments below are considered to be accessory ligaments of the TMJ? Select all that apply. • sphenomandibular ligament • temporomandibular ligament • stylomandibular ligament •lateral discal ligament 187 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks DENTAL ```

* sphenomandibular ligament * stylomandibular ligament temporomandibular = lateral ligament = main stabilizing

A patient comes into your dental office complaining of chewing difficulties. When you ask him to protrude his mandible, the mandible markedly deviates to the right. Which muscle, which inserts fibers into the capsule and articular disc of the TMJ, is most likely damaged? • right medial pterygoid muscle • left medial pterygoid muscle • right lateral pterygoid muscle • left lateral pterygoid muscle 188 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks

• right lateral pterygoid muscle

A patient with constant, unexplained headaches is referred to a TMJ specialist by his physician. In order to check for tenderness, the specialist must palpate the joint. What is the best way to palpate the posterior aspect of the mandibular condyle? • intraorally • externally over the posterior surface of the condyle with the mouth open • through the external auditory meatus • any of the above

• externally over the posterior surface of the condyle with the mouth open

A 56-year-old man comes into the ER with his mouth wide open. His wife explains that he can't close his mouth. The resident on-call quickly diagnoses this as a bilateral dislocation of the TMJ and treats it promptly with reduction. Dislocation of the TMJ is almost always: • posteriorly and occurs while sleeping • anteriorly and occurs while laughing or yawning • anteriorly and occurs while chewing food • posteriorly and occurs while laughing or yawning

• anteriorly and occurs while laughing or yawning condyle translates anterior to eminence and becomes trapped

``` Which component of the TMJ has the most vasculature and innervation? • articu lar fossa • anterior band of the articu lar disc • posterior band of the articular disc • articu lar eminence • retrodiscal tissue 191 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks ```

• retrodiscal tissue

A relatively unsuccessful treatment option for individuals suffering from osteoarthritis is to inject or implant hyaline cartilage into areas of articular cartilage degeneration. If osteoarthritis were to involve the TMJ, this treatment modality would definitely be unsuccessful because the articular surfaces of the TMJ are covered with: • dense fibrous connective tissue • periosteum • elastic cartilage • periosteum and elastic cartilage

• dense fibrous connective tissue

A patient with chronic TMJ inflammation is being treated by a dental TMJ expert. To supplement his examination, the dentist wants to image the soft tissues of this patient's TMJ. Which of the following is the best imaging modality for identifying the position of the articular disc in the temporomandibular joint? • panoramic radiograph • magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) • computerized axial tomography (CAT Scan) •lateral t ranscranial radiograph

MRI CAT is better for bones

Reciprocal clicking is always a sign of damage to the ligaments that fasten the disc in place. A disc cannot click if the posterior and collateral ligaments are intact. • both statements are true • both statements are fa lse • the first statement is true, the second is fa lse • the first statement is fa lse, the second is t rue

both true

A patient with temporomandibular disorder comes to the dental office for treatment. He has bilateral "clicking" of the condyles upon opening and tenderness on palpation of the joint. An MRI shows damaged collateral ligaments. The most common direction in which the articular disc in the TMJ will be displaced in this patient is: •laterally • medially • posteriorly • anteromedially

anteromedially bc of anteromedial pull of lateral pterygoid

The TMJ is a(an): • arthrodi al joint • ginglymus joint • ginglymoarthrodial joint

• ginglymoarthrodial joint means it glides and rotates

``` All of the following structures make up the articulating parts of each temporomandibular joint EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? • mandibular condyle • articular fossa and articular eminence • retrodiscal tissue • articular disc (meniscus) 197 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks DENTAL ```

• retrodiscal tissue

Which of the following structures secretes the fluid which lubricates the TMJ? • retrodiscal tissue • internal synovial layer of the fibrous capsule • outer fibrous layer of the fibrous capsule • articular disc

• internal synovial layer of the fibrous capsule

Translatory movements take place in which compartment of the TMJ? • upper (mandibular fossa -articular disc) compartment •lower (condyle- articular disc) compartment • both the upper and lower compartments

• upper (mandibular fossa -articular disc) compartment rotatiom around condyle heads in lower part (hinge) upper - only sliding = translation; protrusion

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? • the crowns of the primary anterior teeth are wider mesiodistally and shorter incisocervically than their permanent counterparts • the crowns of the primary molars are shorter and more narrow mesiodistally at the cervical third as compared to the permanent molars • the pulpal horns are lower in primary molars, especially the distal horns, and the pulp chambers are proportionately smaller • the roots of the primary anterior teeth taper more rapidly than do those of the permanent anteriors • the roots of the primary molars are longer and more slender than those of the permanent molars • the enamel ends abruptly at the cervical line on primary teeth, rather than becoming thinner, which occurs on permanent teeth

• the pulpal horns are lower in primary molars, especially the distal horns, and the pulp chambers are proportionately smaller\ pulpal horns are lower, pulp chambers are larger longer and slender roots, flare out closer to cervix

Stainless steel crowns are often used in pediatric dentistry. Also common in pediatric dentistry are kids throwing temper tantrums. One day a 4-year-old patient throws a tantrum and knocks over your case of stainless steel crowns. When picking out the primary mandibular first molars you remember which of the following statements? • they resemble the permanent mandibular first premolar • they resemble the permanent mandibular first molar • they resemble the permanent maxillary second molar • they resemble the primary mandibular second molar • none of the above; their anatomy is unlike any other tooth in the mouth (primary or permanent)

• none of the above; their anatomy is unlike any other | tooth in the mouth (primary or permanent)

``` A frantic mother calls you on the phone asking what to do about her child's first tooth. You want to impress her. Before she can say it, you tell her what tooth it is. It is a: • primary mandibular central incisor • primary mandibular first molar • primary maxillary central incisor • primary maxillary fi rst molar You got that right, and now you really impress her and tell her how old her child is. She is about: • 4-Y2 months old • 6-Y2 months old • 1 O-Y2 months old • 1 year old ```

• primary mandibular central incisor | 6-1/2 months old

A 10-1/ 2- year-old patient comes into your office. You are not sure whether his maxillary canines are permanent or primary. Which of the following statements will help you determine which they are? • the cusp on the primary maxillary canine is much shorter than the cusp on the permanent maxillary canine • the mesial cusp ridge on the primary maxillary canine is shorter than the distal cusp ridge; this is the opposite of all other canines • the cusp on the primary maxillary canine is much longer and sharper than the cusp on the permanent maxillary canine • the primary maxillary canine is much narrower and longer than the permanent maxilla ry canine

the cusp on the primary maxillary canine is much longer and sharper than the cusp on the permanent maxillary canine mesial cusp ridge is longer than distal - opposite on all other canines

deciduous primary molars look like

max M1 - unique, 3 cusps max M2 looks like adult M2 mand M1 unique, 4 cusps mand M2 looks like adult M2

When attempting a MO Class II amalgam preparation and filling on a primary tooth, you encounter a very large mesial marginal ridge that resembles a cusp. You also notice a transverse ridge that runs from the mesiolingual cusp to the mesiobuccal cusp that is rather large. This tooth often proves difficult to restore, which tooth is it? • mandibular fi rst molar • maxillary first molar • mandibular second molar • maxillary second molar

• mandibular first molar * The mesial marginal ridge is very well developed and resembles a cusp * It has no central fossa

How many lobes develop to form a primary canine tooth?

A 10-year-old patient comes into your office with his mother. They are concerned about affording orthodontic treatment for his slightly crowded anterior teeth. He has not lost his primary molars yet. From this information alone, you tell his mother ... • don't worry, the premolar teeth that replace these primary molars take up less space in the arch, so we can expect to see more room in a few years • get a second job, the premolar teeth that replace these primary molars take up more space in the arch so we can expect to see even less room than there is now • the premolar teeth that replace these primary molars take up the same amount of space in the arch. Based on this we cannot tell at this point whether your son will need orthodontic t reatment

• don't worry, the premolar teeth that replace these primary molars take up less space in the arch, so we can expect to see more room in a few years

Although it usually isn't much of a problem, which of the following criteria would NOT be used to distinguish primary maxillary central incisors from their permanent counterparts? • they are shorter incisocervically • they are wider mesiodista lly than incisocervically • there are no mamelons present • the incisal edge is straighter • the distal flare of the root is greater

• the distal flare of the root is greater

``` The crowns of all 20 primary teeth begin to calcify between: • 1 to 2 months in utero • 2 to 3 months in utero • 4 to 6 months in utero • 8 to 9 months in utero 209 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks DENTAL ```

• 4 to 6 months in utero

Sally and Annie, ages six and eight respectively, come into your office and get their picture put up on the "Cavity-Free Board:' On the back of each picture, your assistant writes how many baby teeth they have lost and how many adult teeth they have. Which numbers are correct? • Sally (0, 4); Annie (2, 6) • Sally (2, 6); Annie (4, 1 0) • Sally (2, 6); Annie (2, 6) • Sally (0, 4); Annie (8, 12) 210 copynght 0 2013·2014 Dental Decks

• Sally (0, 4); Annie (8, 12)

what teeth would a 8yo have ordinarily?

12 perm and 12 primary

what teeth would a 6yo have ordinarily?

all 20 primary + 4 permanent

largest primary tooth?

mandibular second molar

largest permanent tooth

maxillary 1 molar

The mesiolingual cusp is the most prominent cusp on the primary maxillary first molar. The mesiolingual cusp is the longest and sharpest cusp on the primary maxillary first molar. • both statements are t rue • both statements are false • the first statement is t rue, the second is false • the first statement is fa lse, the second is true

both true

which cusp on max molar is largest and sharpest?

Spaces between maxillary lateral incisor and canine and mandibular canine and 1 primary molar is called _____ spaces; allows for the space to be filled by permanent teeth as they erupt * primitive * private * primate * hawley

primate spaces caused by growth of arches

primate spaces appear

before max canine and behind mandib canine

A neophyte dental student, only about two weeks into the program, gets scared when her 10-year-old cousin gets hit in the face and loses a tooth. She calls you up and says that her cousin lost his permanent mandibular first molar. Once she tells you more about the root morphology of the tooth, you realize it is primary and the child simply lost his ... • primary mandibular fi rst molar • primary mandibular second molar • primary maxillary first molar • primary maxillary second molar

• primary mandibular second molar

``` Morphologically, the primary maxillary second molar strikingly resembles the: • permanent maxillary third molar • permanent maxillary second molar • permanent maxillary first molar • permanent mandibular second molar 214 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks ```

• permanent maxillary first molar

``` Primary molar relationships are known as: • class relationships • step relationships • primitive relationships • occlusion relationships primary dentition 215 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks ```

• step relationships

``` Both the mesial-step and flush-terminal -plane relationships usually result in the development of a: • class I permanent molar occlusion • cl ass II permanent molar occlusion • cl ass Ill permanent molar occlusion 216 copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks DENTAL ```

• class I permanent molar occlusion

possible primary molar occlusions and which are normal

flush, mesial-step (these two ok) and distal step ( --> III)

Largest FL of all teeth

Max M1

Largest MD of all teeth

Mand M1

Largest cusp in mandibular first molar

MB in adult, ML in primary

Acute angles in maxillary molar

ML and DB

Cusps of maxillary PM1 offsets

But also to distal, lingual to medial

PM with one horn

Mand PM1

Thickest root FL

Mesial of mandivular M1

Shortest interdental papilla

Mandubular PM2 and M1

Greatest root inclination

Mand M3

Centric relation vs central occlusion, what guides

Relation ligaments, occlusion teeth

Anterior most likely to have two roots

Mand canine

Nonmolar mist likely to take three roots

Max PM1