Anatomical Sciences Flashcards
Which of the following structures carry lymph into the node’s subcapsular
sinus, through the cortical sinus and into the superficial cortex and paracortex?
- efferent lymphatic vessels
- afferent lymphatic vessels
- both afferent and efferent lymphatic vessels
- neither afferent or efferent lymphatic vessels
• afferent lymphatic vessels
enter on convex surface, into subcapsulary sinus –> through cortical into superficial cortex and paracortex
cleansed/presented from cortical to medulla
Filtered: leaves through efferent.
Thoracic duct: both lower + ULQ. Right lymphatic duct: URQ
Paracortex - T cells; cortex - follicles.
Hilum: blood vessels enter, efferent lymph exit
Which of the following vessels are characterized by the presence of valves? • arterioles only • capillaries only • sinusoids only • veins only •lymphatics only •lymphatics and capillaries •lymphatics and veins
• lymphatics and veins
T cells are produced in the \_\_\_ .and mature in the \_\_ . •liver, thymus • bone marrow, liver • bone marrow, thymus •lymph nodes, thymus
• bone marrow, thymus
DiGeorge: no thymus and parathyroids
Posterior 1/3 of the tongue drains into: • facial nodes • occipital nodes • submandibular nodes • deep cervical nodes • submental nodes • jugulodigastric nodes
• deep cervical nodes; along internal jugular vein
- drain salivary, thyroid, posterior 1/3 of tongue
tonsils, nose, pharynx, larynx –> jugular lymph trunk - submandibular: maxillary and mandibular teeth except mandibular incisors
- submental: tip of tongue, mandib incisors –> into submandibular and deep cervical
When antigen recognition occurs by a lymphocyte, B cells are activated and migrate to which area oft he lymph node? • inner medullary region • medullary cords • medullary sinuses • germinal centers
• germinal centers
medullary cords: B + plasma
paracortex: T
germinal centers: B when activated, go to mature
The lymph from the lower extremities drains into the:
•left internal jugular vein
• left subclavian vein
• junction of the left internal jugular and subclavian veins
• superior vena cava
• junction of the right internal jugular and subclavian veins
• junction of the left internal jugular and subclavian veins
btw mammary drain into axillary
Which of the following is NOT a function of the spleen?
• removal of old or defective blood cells from blood
• forming crypts that trap bacteria
• storage of blood platelets
• storage of iron
• forming crypts that trap bacteria
clearing old erythrocytes: reticuloendothelial
only efferent lymphatics (like thymus)
Which of the following tonsil(s) is/are covered by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium? Select all that apply. •lingual tonsils only • pharyngeal tonsil only • palatine tonsils only • pharyngeal and palatine tonsils •lingual and palatine tonsils • all of the above
• lingual and palatine tonsils
pharyng tonsils (adenoids) - columnar pseudostratified, no crypts palatine - nonkeratinized stratified squamous; crypts but no sinuses lingual - single crypt, nonkeratinized strat squam; dorsal tongue
In which of the following locations would one most likely find yellow bone marrow in an adult? • diaphysis offemur • epiphysis of humerus • ribs • cranial bones • vertebrae
• diaphysis of femur
yellow marrow in dyaphyses; red: skull, vertebrae, thoracic cage, heads of long bones
at birth, all marrow is red (till like 7)
Which of the following cells are agranulocytes? Select all that apply. • basophils • eosinophils • lymphocytes • monocytes • neutrophils
- lymphocytes
- monocytes
Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding erythrocytes? They: • are biconcave in shape • have an average lifespan of 30 days • rely completely on anaerobic metabolism • have no nucleus • have no mitochondria • are disposed of by the spleen
• have an average lifespan of 30 days
completely anaerobic
The formed elements of blood include all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? • plasma • red blood cells • platelets • white blood cells
• plasma
Regarding the difference between plasma and serum, which of the following
statements is true?
• serum is yellow; plasma has no color
• serum contains antibodies; plasma does not
• plasma contains clotting proteins; serum does not
• plasma contains hemoglobin; serum does not
• plasma contains clotting proteins; serum does not
Platelets are best described as: • megakaryocytes • cytoplasmic fragments • agranulocytes • immature leukocytes • lymphoid cells
• cytoplasmic fragments
TXA2 prothrombotic; PGI2 vasodil and reduce plt aggregation
Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the articular cartilages? Select all that apply. • they are covered by disks • most of them are covered by hyaline cartilage • they are covered by perichondrium • they are covered by periosteum • they are vascular ANATOMIC SCIENCES 15 copyright Cl 20 13-2014 Dental Decks
• most of them are covered by hyaline cartilage
TMJ has fibroctlg
Which of the following joints is/are a synarthrosis? Select all that apply. • temporomandibular joint • skull sutures • synovial joints • condyloid joints
• skull sutures
synarthrosis - immoveable (b/w flat)
amphiartrosis - pubic symphysis
diarthrodial - fully moving
The spheno-occipital joint and epiphyseal cartilage plates are classified as which of the following joints? • sutures • symphyses • synchondrosis • syndesmoses
• synchondrosis
spheno-occipital jt and ctlg plates - synchondroses
syndesmoses: tibiofibular distal, tympanostapedial
The paramedics arrive at the scene of a minor motor vehicle collision. One driver claims to have experienced whiplash and is having trouble shaking her head in a “NO” motion. She is fine with nodding her head in a “YES” manner.
Which of the following joints allows maximum rotational movement of the head about its vertical axis (saying “NO”)?
• intervertebral joint
• atlantoaxial joint
• atlanta-occipital joint
• costovertebral joint
• atlantoaxial joint
atlantooccipital YES
atlantoaxial NO
When someone is rotating the forearm with the palm turning outward, this motion is termed as: • abduction • adduction • flexion • extension • pronation • supination
• supination
The ureter connects which of the following parts of the kidney to the urinary bladder? • renal papi lla • renal columns • renal calyx • renal pelvis
• renal pelvis
pelvis connects calyx to ureters;
bladder transitional epithelium
Name the following structures of the nephron in the order they are encountered
from blood to urine.
(1) distal convoluted tubule (2) bowman’s capsule (3) collecting duct (4) glomerulus
(5) loop of Henle (6) proximal convoluted tubule
• 4,2,6,5, 1,3
Which of the following persists as the definitive (permanent) kidney? • pronephos • metanephros • mesonephros • none of the above ANATOMIC SCIENCES 22 copyright Cl 20 13-2014 Dental Decks
• metanephros
A 26-year-old female has been previously diagnosed with McCune-Albright
syndrome. There is bony fibrous dysplasia of the anterior cranial base leading
to the encasement and narrowing of the optic canal. Although her vision is
normal, there is concern that there will be compression of the optic nerve
and which of the following other structure(s)?
• ophthalmic nerve (CN Vl)
• cranial nerves Il l, IV, and VI
• ophthalmic artery
• ophthalmic veins
• ophthalmic artery
The optic canal is located posteriorly in the lesser wing of the sphenoid. It communicates with the middle cranial fossa. It transmits t he optic nerve and the ophthalmic
artery.
cribiform - olfactory
hypoglossal (in occipital) - hypoglossal
carotid (in temporal) - internal carotid artery
lacrimal canal - tear duct
inferior orbital fissure:
infraorb and zygomatic branches of V2, infraorb a
superior orbtal fissure: III, IV, VI; lacrimal, frontal of V1; ophth vein, sympath
optic canal: II + opth a
stylomastoid: VII
A 62-year-old female visits the family physician with complaints of right-sided
hearing loss, ringing in the right ear (tinnitus), numbness over the right half
of her face, and dizziness. The physician diagnoses her with an acoustic
schwannoma that is occluding her right internal acoustic meatus. The internal
acoustic meatus pierces the posterior surface of the petrous part of the temporal
bone. The internal acoustic meatus transmits which two structures?
• trigeminal nerve (CN V) and facial nerve (CN VII)
• facial nerve (CN VII) and vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
• vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) and vagus nerve (CN X)
• trigeminal nerve (CN V) and vagus nerve (CN X)
• facial nerve (CN VII) and vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
internal acoustic meatus
Which of the following foramina appears as a small round radiolucent area
on the mandibular premolar and can be confused with a periapical abscess if
not recognized correctly?
• mandibular foramen
• incisive foramen
• mental foramen
• foramen ovale
• mental foramen
Through which ofthe following foramina does the largest ofthe three (paired) arteries that supplies the meninges pass? • foramen magnum • jugular foramen • foramen rotundum • foramen ovale • foramen spinosum • foramen lace rum
• foramen spinosum-the artery i s the middle meningeal artery which i s the largest
of the three (paired) arteries which supply the meninges, the others being the
anterior meningeal artery and the posterior meningeal artery
rotundum V2
oval V1
spinosum MMA (all three in sphenoid)
incisive: nasopalatine n. + sphenopalatine a.
between occipital and temporal - jugular: IX, X, XI
XI enters via foramen magnum and exits via jugular
vertebral arteries in foramen magnum
The cranial nerves that supply motor innervations to the muscles that move
the eyeball all enter the orbit through a foramen that is between the:
·lesser wing of sphenoid and fronta l bone
·lesser wing of sphenoid and ethmoid bone
• greater and lesser wings of sphenoid bone
•lesser wing of sphenoid, frontal and ethmoid bones
• greater and lesser wings of sphenoid bone
contains III, IV, VI;
ophth vein; sympathetics
petrotympanic fissure: chorda tympani
lacerum - between sphen/occip/temp – n. of pterygoid
Which of the following terms means air in the chest? • hemothorax • pyothorax • pneumothorax • pulmothorax • pulmonary inflation
• pneumothorax
where trachea splits into primary bronchi is the: • carina •lingula • mediastinum • bronchial tree
• carina
T4-5, level of sternal angle)
Which of the following components of the respiratory system does NOT have cilia? • tertiary bronchioles • primary bronchioles • alveolar ducts • respiratory bronchioles • terminal bronchioles ANATOMIC SCIENCES 30 copyright Cl 20 13-2014 Dental Decks
alveolar ducts
conducting zone - up to terminal bronchioles; dead zone, no O2 exchange
respiratory zone - respiratory brinchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
no ctlg, no glands in bronchioles
still some cilia in respiratory bronchioles
no cilia in alveolar ducts (actual gas exchange)
Which of the following vessels supply blood to the bronchi? • pulmonary arteries • pulmonary veins • subclavian arteries • none of the above
bronchial
root of lung^ primary bronchus, pulm a. and vv. vagus passes behind root
Which of the following is NOT a part of the lower respiratory tract? •laryngopharynx • trachea • primary bronchus • alveolar duct
laryngopharynx
upper respiratory tract - up to larynx; lower - trachea and onward
inferior mediastinum: anterior, middle (= pericardium), posterior
All of the paranasal sinuses drain into one of the three meatuses (superior,
middle, and inferior) EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
• maxillary sinus
• frontal sinus
• ethmoidal sinus
• sphenoidal sinus
sphenoidal drains into sphenoethmoidal recess;
maxillary –> middle meatus
ethmoidal and frontal via meatuses
olfactory epithelium prominent in upper medial portion
While ascending to 30,000 feet, the passengers on a commercial flight experience
the sensation of their ears “popping:’ The swallowing or yawning that
triggers this equalizes the pressure of the middle ear with the surrounding
atmosphere via the eustachian (auditory) tube. The pharyngeal opening for
this tube, along with the salpingopharyngeal fold, pharyngeal recess, and
pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) are all located in the:
•laryngopharynx
• oropharynx
• nasopharynx
• none of the above
nasopharynx
aufitory tube openings, pharyng tonsils; up to soft palate and uvula
respiratory epithelium
oropharynx: from soft palate to hyoid: lingual + palatine tonsils
laryngopharynx: from hyoid to esophagus
A women in Ethiopia who has a human papillomavirus infection, starts to
grow warts on her larynx and respiratory tract. In order to allow her to breathe
an emergency airway maybe established by opening into the trachea:
• through the thyrohyoid membrane
• between the thyroid and cricoid cartilage
• between thyroid cartilages
• above the level of thyroid cartilage
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between thyroid and cricoid
median cricothyroid ligament
Which of the following describes the function of the surfactant?
• increases the surface area of the alveoli
• reduces the attractive forces of 0 2 molecules and increases surface tension
• reduces the cohesive force of H20 molecules and lowers surface tension
• increases the cohesive force of ai r molecules and raises surface tension
• none of the above
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reduces cohesive water, lowers surface tension
cells of respiratory mucosa: clara cells (GAGs); type I pneumocytes (simple squamous, 95%, gas exchange); type II (granular cuboidal, make surfactant); alveolar macrophages
The external carotid artery terminates within the parotid gland, just behind
the neck of the mandible, where the external carotid artery gives off two final
branches. Which of the following is one of those terminal branches?
• superior thyroid artery
• superficial temporal artery
• posterior auricular artery
• occipital artery
• facial artery
• middle meningeal artery
• anterior ethmoidal artery
superficial temporl and maxillary are two terminal branches of external carotid
Some Anatomists Like Fornication, Others Prefer Sado Maso
superior thyroid (–>)
ascending pharyngeal ()
Facial (–>)
Occipital ()
terminates behind neck of mandible in parotid gland;
begins at upper border of thyroid ctlg
The Circle of Willis is formed by all of the following arteries EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? • anterior communicating artery • posterior communicating artery • anterior cerebral artery • superior cerebellar artery ANATOMIC SCIENCES 38 copyright Cl 20 13-2014 Dental Decks
superior cerebellar artery - branch of basilar; arises before posterior cerebral, does not partake in circle of Willis; two vertebrals combine into basilar
internal carotid –> anterior and middle cerebral; basilar –> posterior cerebral. ant + post communicating branches;
right common carotid arises from brachiocephalix; left from aortic arch
In carotid s inus syncope, the carotid sinus is overly sensitive to manual stimulation
and can lead to loss of consciousness. Given this, which of the following
statements is true?
• it is stimulated by changes in blood pressure
• it functions as a chemoreceptor
• it is innervated by the facia l nerve
• it is located at the terminal end of the external carotid artery
• it communicates freely with the cavernous sinus
stimulated by blood pressure
carotid sinus - dilation of internal carotid near its origin from common carotid. baroreceptors (blood pressure). innerv by IX
carotid body - at bifurcation of common carotid; chemoreceptors aortic body (chemo, baro) - aortic arch, X.
baroreflex in response to increased BP –> decreases HR
decreased BP –> increases HR
Which of the following branches of the internal carotid artery is most frequently implicated in a stroke? • ophthalmic artery • anteri or choroidal artery • middle cerebral artery • anteri or cerebral artery I refer to card 38-1 for illustration) ANATOMIC SCIENCES 40 copyright Cl 20 13-2014 Dental Decks
middle cerebral a. - largest branch of internal carotid, most often occluded in stroke
intracranial berry aneurysms - in Willis
The sinusoids are most likely found in all of the following organs EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? • spleen • bone marrow • cartilage • parathyroid glands ANATOMIC SCIENCES 41 copyright Cl 20 13-2014 Dental Decks
cartilage
sinusoid: blood vessel with discontinuous endothelium
liver, lymphoid, endocrine, hematopoietic
walls partly made of phagocytic cells; involved in phagocytosis and AB formation
The most prominent functional component in the tunica media of large arteries is the: • skeletal muscle cells • elastic f ibers • smooth muscle cells • collagen
elastic fibers
in small aa. - smooth mm cells
tunics: intima (endothelium + BM; all vessels, atherosclerosis - plaque b/w endothelium and BM)
media - regulates BP, thicker in aa.
adventitia - elastic + cllagen + vasa vasorum; thicker in vv.
The tunica media and adventitia are absent in which blood vessel type? • arteries • arterioles • capillaries • venules • veins
capillaries: simple layer of endothelium, no media or adventitia
velocity slowest, resistance most
flow proportional to radius^4
The hepatic veins that drain the liver empty into the: • hepatic sinusoids • azygous vein • inferi or vena cava • inferi or vena cava and azygous veins • portal vein
IVC
portal triad = hepatic a., portal v., bile duct
aorta –> hepatic a. –> interlobular branches;
hepatic portal v. –> interlobular branches
——-> sinusoids, central vv., hepati vv., IVC
The greatest drop in blood pressure is seen at the transition from: • arterioles to capillaries • arteries to arterioles • capillaries to venules • venules to veins ANATOMIC SCIENCES 45 copyright CI 201J..2014 Dental Decks
arteries –> arterioles
arteries - mainly transport
arterioles (very muscular wall) - mainly BP
capillaries - diffusion
veins – transport
All of the following vessels supply blood to the tonsils EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? • ascending pharyngeal artery • tonsil lar branch of facial artery • superior labial artery • dorsal lingual artery I refer to card 37 A-1 for illustration I ANATOMIC SCIENCES 46 copyright CI 201J..2014 Dental Decks
superior labial artery
facial artery portions:
cervical (tonsillar, asc palatine, submental)
and facial (inf labial, sup labial, lat nasal, angular (to medial eye))
palatine tonsil supply: dorsal lingual, asc palatine, tonsillar, asc pharyngeal, lesser palatine
Which of the following arteries is found between the hyoglossus and genioglossus muscles? • inferi or alveolar artery • posterior superior alveolar artery •lingual artery • infraorbital artery • facial artery
lingual runs between hyoglossus and genioglossus; loop crossed by hypoglossal n.
branches: suprahyoid, dorsal lingual, sublingual, deep lingual
inf alv v, a, n along with lingual n. pterygomandibular space (between medial pterygoid and ramus)
If the palatal mucosa opposite to the maxillary first molar was lacerated and bleeding occurred, which of the following arteries is most likely to be involved? • greater palatine artery • descending palatine artery • nasopalatine artery •lesser palatine artery • middle superior alveolar artery • posterior superi or alveolar artery
greater palatine
end of maxillary a. - sphenopalatine (nasal cavity) –> later nasopalatine branch through incisive foramen (supplies anterior palate up to canine)
Examination of a patient with an ulcerative carcinoma of the posterior third
of the tongue revealed bleeding from the lesion and difficulty swallowing
(dysphagia). The bleeding was seen to be arterial; which of the following
arteries was involved?
• deep lingual artery
• dorsal lingual artery
• tonsillar artery
• sublingual artery
dorsal lingual - posterior superficial tongue
branches of lingual a: dorsal lingual (base + body of tongue)
suprahyoid - muscles
sublingual: floor, siblingual salivaries + mylohyoid
deep lingual - apex of tongue
Motor of tongue: XII (except palatoglossus - vagus)
Sensory: V3 lingual - anterior 2/3
IX - posterior 1/3
X (inf. laryng) - epiglottis
Taste: VII (chorda), IX
tonsillar a. - branch of facial
lingual + facial - common trunk off external carotid
During a boxing match a boxer got a blow on the lateral side of the skull,
immediately he fell unconscious for several seconds. He was asymptomatic
for the first 24 hours then he developed symptoms of elevated intracranial
pressure (headache, nausea and vomiting). Which of the following arteries is
most likely involved?
• inferior alveolar artery
• middle meningeal artery
• infraorbital artery
• deep temporal artery
• middle cerebral artery
middle meningeal - branch of maxillary
infratemporal fossa - where branches off
foramen spinosum to dura mater and calvaria
runs beneath pterion (super thin)
Which arteries supply the greater curvature of the stomach?
• right gastric, left gastri c and short gastri c arteri es
• right and left gastroepiploic arteries
• right gastric, left gastroepiploic and short gastri c arteries
• right gastroepiploic, left gastroepiploic and short gastric arteries
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right and left gastroepiploics and short gastrics (these - to fundus and upper; branches of splenic)
lesser curvature: right gastric inferiorly, left gastric superiorly
All - branches of celiac (off abdominal aorta, ~T12 just below diaphragm)
supplies foregut
branches:
- splenic (pancreatic, l. gastroepiploic, short gastric)
- left gastric (short, top of stomach + esophag branches)
- common hepatic (gastroduodenal [right gastroepiploic, superior pancreaticoduodenal], right gastric, hepatic proper [left hepatic, right hepatic, cystic])
The internal thoracic artery ends in the sixth intercostal space by dividing
into the:
• anterior and posterior intercostal arteries
• subclavian and inferior epigastric arteries
• superi or epigastri c and musculophrenic arteri es
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superior epigastric (runs in rectum sheath to meet with inferior from external iliac; meet around umbilicus) and musculophrenic (runs around to back) - branches of internal thoracic in 6th intercostal space
internal thoracic - branch of subclavian (VITCD)
runs on pleura behind ctlges, lateral to sternum
hypoglossal - bone and what runs
occipital bone, hypoglossal nerve
carotid - bone and what runs
temporal bone, internal carotid a.
inferior orbital fissure
infraorbital and zygomatic branches of infraorbital a
superior orbital fissure
between greater and lesser wings of sphenoid
III, IV, VI
lacrimal, fromtal of V,
ophthalmic vein, sympaths
optic canal
II and ophth artery
stylomastoid
VII
internal acoustic meatus
VII + VIII
rotundum
V2
ovale
V1
spinosum
MMA
incisive
nasopalatine n and sphenopalatine a
jugular
IX, X, XI
petrotympanic fissure
chorda tympani
lacerum
between sphen/occip/temp, n. of pterygoid
At what level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the common iliac
arteries and also gives rise to the middle sacral artery?
• T1O
• T12
·T2
•L4
• L5
L4
aortic opening of diaphragm - T12
runs retroperitoneal
splits into common iliacs and unpaired median sacral at L4
very elastic in tunica media
ascending aorta gives off right and left coronaries
arch gives off brachiocephalic, l common carotid and l subclavian
descending: T4-T12
abdominal T12-L4
The blood supply of the mucosa of the nasal septum is derived mainly from the: • facial artery • maxillary artery • inferi or alveolar artery • internal carotid artery ANATOMIC SCIENCES 54 copyright CI 201J..2014 Dental Decks
maxillary a (–> sphenopalatine)
lateral wall of pterygopalatine fossa
laterally - pterygomaxillary fissure to infratemporal fossa
Pterygomaxillary Fissure
The pterygomaxillary fissure connects the infratemporal fossa with the pterygopalatine fossa (see figure 1). It transmits two neurovascular structures:
Posterior superior alveolar nerve – a branch of the maxillary nerve. It exits through the fissure into the infratemporal fossa, where it goes on to supply the maxillary molars.
Terminal part of the maxillary artery – enters the pterygopalatine fossa via the fissure.
medial wall of pterygopalatine fossa
Sphenopalatine Foramen
This foramen is the only opening in the medial boundary. It connects the pterygopalatine fossa to the nasal cavity – specifically the superior meatus.
It is formed by the sphenopalatine notch at the superior aspect of the perpendicular plate of the palatine bone and the body of the sphenoid.
The sphenopalatine foramen transmits the sphenopalatine artery and vein, as well as the nasopalatine nerve (a large branch of the pterygopalatine ganglion – CNV2).
superior wall of pterygopalatine fossa
Foramen Rotundum
The foramen rotundum connects the pterygopalatine fossa to the middle cranial fossa. It is one of three openings in the posterior boundary of the pterygopalatine fossa. It conducts a single structure, the maxillary nerve.
anterior wall of pterygopalatine fossa
Inferior Orbital Fissure
The inferior orbital fissure forms the superior boundary of the pterygopalatine fossa and communicates with the orbit. It is a space between the sphenoid and maxilla bones.
The zygomatic branch of the maxillary nerve and the infraorbital artery and vein pass through the inferior orbital fissure.
contents of pterygpalatine fossa
max a, max n, pterygopalatine ganglion
The distal portion of the duodenum receives arterial supply from the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery which branches from the: • celiac trunk • gastroduodenal artery • superior mesenteric artery • inferi or mesenteric artery ANATOMIC SCIENCES 55 copyright CI 201J..2014 Dental Decks
SMA (inferior pancreaticoduodenal)
proximal part, before ampulla and opening of bile duct - superior pancreaticoduodenal, off of gastroduodenal off common hepatic off celiac
up to distal third of transverse colon - SMA
jej and ileum branches are on left side of SMA
rectum: superior rectalis off IMA
middle - internal iliac
inferior - internal pudendal
All of the following are direct branches of the subclavian artery EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? • internal t horacic artery • thyrocervical artery • inferi or thyroid artery • dorsal scapular
inferior thyrod is branh of thyrocervical
Vertebral
Internal Thoracic
Thyrocervical (–> inferior thyroid, suprascapular, transverse ervical)
Costocervical
Dorsal scapular
All of the following statements concerning the common carotid arteries are
true EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
• the common carotid arteri es are the same in length
• the common carotid arteri es differ in their mode of origin
• the right common carotid artery is a branch of the brachiocephalic trunk
• the left common carotid artery is a branch of the aortic arch
[refer to card 38 A-1, 49-1 for illustration)
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not same length
right off brachiocephalic. left self off arch
common carotid in sheath with internal jugular and vagus
level of larynx - splits into internal and external
internal –> ophthalmic (in optic canal with II) + anterior and middle cerebral (–>into Willis)
external: some anatomists like fornication, others prefer sado maso
What is the major arterial origin supplying the mandibular anterior teeth? • mandibular artery • facial artery • vertebral artery • maxillary a
maxillary artery:
branches: anterior (from infraorbital, after orbital fissure), middle (same) and posterior superior alveolar (before pterygopalatine fossa) + inferior alveolar (for all mandibular teeth)
inf alv also gives mental and incisive
Parts and branches of maxillary:
1st - mandibular (posterior to lateral pterygoid, horizontal, deep to neck of condyle)
– deep auricular, anterior tympanic, MMA, inferior alveolar
2nd (pterygoid) - adjacent to lateral pterygoid, medial to temporal
–> masseteric, deep temporal, pterygoid branches, buccal
3rd (pterygopalatine) - distal (anterior) to pterygoid, between heads of lateral pterygoid through pterygomaxillary fissure into pterygopalatine fossa
– posterior superior alveolar, infraorbital, a of pterygoid canal, pharygeal, descending palatine (splits into greater and lesser), sphenopalatine - walls and septum of nose
arteries
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the left and right renal
arteries?
• they both arise from the abdominal aorta below the superior mesenteric artery
• the left renal artery is longer that the right renal artery
• the right renal artery is somewhat higher than the left renal artery
• the right renal artery arises below the superior mesenteric artery, while the left one
arises below the inferior mesenteric artery
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ental Oe
both arise from abdominal below SMA
right is longer (passes behind IVC), left a bit higher
urinary bladder supplied by internal iliacs
The subscapular artery which supplies the subscapularis muscle branches off the: • subclavian artery • 1st part of axillary artery • 2nd part of axillary artery • 3rd part of axillary artery ANATOMIC SCIENCES 61 copyright Cl 20 13-2014 Dental Decks SAADDES
3rd of axillary
Sixties - superior thoracic
Teens - thoracoacromial
Like - Lateral thoracic
Sex - Subscapular
And - anterior humeral
Pot - posterior humeral
Subclavian is same vessel but before 1st rib (VIT (IST) CD)
Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding vertebral arteries?
• inside the skull, the two vertebral arteri es join up to form the basilar artery
• they arise from thyrocervical trunk
• they enter the skull through carotid canal
• they pass through the t ransverse foramina of all 7 cervical vertebrae
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branch off subclavian, pass through C6-C1 and foramen magnum, combine into basilar
verterbrals - posterior inferior cerebellar
basilar - anterior inferior cerebellar + superior cerebellar
Which ofthe following structures provides attachment to falx cerebri? • cribriform plate • crista galli •lesser wing of sphenoid • greater wing of sphenoid • corpus callosum ANATOMIC SCIENCES 63 copyright CI 201J..2014 Dental Decks SAADDES
crista galli
lateral masses of ethmoid = sinuses + orbital plate (medial wall of orbit)
The hypophyseal fossa is located in a depression in the body of the sphenoid
bone; it houses which of the following structures?
• hypothalamus
• pituitary
• cerebellum
• hippocampus
• corpus cal losum
pituitary sits in sella
greater wings of sphenoid - lateral wall of orbit, roof of infratemporal fossa
foramen rotundum - V2
ovale - V3
spinosum - MMA
lesser wings - roof of orbit and superior orbital fissure
optic canal - CN II + ophth artery
pterygoid process with medial and lateral plates
lateral - for both pterygoids
medial has hamulus for tensor veli palatini
Flat bones of the skull, maxilla, major parts of the mandible and clavicles are formed by: • endochondral ossification • subchondral ossification • intramembranous ossification • primary ossification ANATOMIC SCIENCES 65 copyright CI 201J..2014 Dental Decks SAADDES
intramembranous ossification
During distalization of molars in bodily orthodontic movement, the alveolar
bone distal to the tooth must resorb, and the alveolar bone mesial to the
tooth must appositionally grow. In orthodontic movement, the alveolar
bone is being remodeled. This remodeling is a function of:
• osteocl asts and osteoblasts
• chondroblasts and osteoblasts
• osteoblasts and osteocytes
• chondrocytes and osteocytes
osteoblasts and clasts
All are functions of the skeletal system EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? • lymph filtration • mineral storage • support • protection • body movement ANATOMIC SCIENCES 67 copyright 0 201)..2014 Dental Decks SAADDES
lymh filtration
At the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), hinge movements occur between the: • condyle and articular eminence • art icular disc and articular eminence • condyle and articular disc • art icular disc and articular cavity • condyle and articular cavity ANATOMIC SCIENCES 68 copyright CI 201J..2014 Dental Decks SA
hinge in lower (initiates movement, between condyle and disc), glide in upper (gliding after hinge, between disc and eminence)
chorda tympani - petrotympanic fissure
A patient comes into the orthodontist’s office as referred to by his general
dentist. The orthodontist notes the patient’s tongue thrusts and notes that
early treatment could prevent skeletal problems. Soft tissue development is
thought to encourage mandibular growth:
• upward and forward
• upward and backward
• downward and forward
• downward and backward
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down and forward
Which of the following structures does NOT form a portion of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity? • maxilla • palatine bone • conchae • vomer • ethmoid
vomer
A tubercle is: • a small, rounded process • a prominent elevated ridge or border of a bone • a large, rounded, roughened process • a sharp, slender, projecting process ANATOMIC SCIENCES bone 71 copyright 0 201)..2014 Dental Decks SAADDES
small rounded process
prominent elevated ridge - crest
large rounded roughened - tuberosity
sharp slender projecting - spine
The shaft of a long bone is capped on the end by spongy bone that is surrounded by compact bone. This is called the: • periosteum • diaphysis • endosteum • epiphysis
epiphysis
The hypophyseal fossa which houses the pituitary gland is located within which of the following cranial fossae? • anteri or cranial fossa • middle cranial fossa • posterior cranial
middle cranial fossa
border between anterior (smallest) and middle - lesser wing
between middle and posterior (largest) - petrous part
posterior contains cerebellum medulla pons
Treacher Collins syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that presents with many
craniofacial deformities. One of the characteristic traits is downward slanting
eyes, which is caused by underdevelopment of the bone that forms the
substance of the cheek. Which bone is this that anchors many of the muscles
of mastication and facial expression?
• ethmoid bone
• zygomatic bone
• occipital bone
• sphenoid bone
zygomatic
Which of the following can be defined as a tube-like passage running through a bone? • fovea • meatus • fossa • fissure
meatus
The ganglion that supplies the mucous membrane of the mouth and nose with parasympathetic fibers is located in which of the following fossae? • pterygopalatine fossa • infratemporal fossa • temporal fossa ANATOMIC SCIENCES 76 copyright CI 201J..2014 Dental Decks SAADDES
pterygopalatine
pterygopalatine ganglion with parasymps for mouth and nose mucosa
The pterygopalatine fossa communicate laterally with infratemporal fossa though which of the following? • sphenopalatine foramen • foramen rotundum • foramen lacerum • pterygomaxillary fissu re • inferi or orbital fissu re
pterygomaxillary fissure
Which ofthe following receives the opening ofthe nasolacrimal duct? • superi or meatus • middle meatus: ethmoidal bulla • middle meatus: Hiatus of semilunaris • sphenoethmoidal recess • inferior meatus ANATOMIC SCIENCES 78 copyright CI 201J..2014 Dental Decks
inferior meatus
superior receives posterior ethomidal sinuses
middle had ethmoidal bulla
anterior ethmoidal and frontal sinuses drain into infundibulum which in turn drains into hiatus semilunaris
maxillary drains into hiatus semilunaris
sphenoidal sinus - into sphenoethomidal recess
