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Random Study Questions > Dental Anatomy > Flashcards

Dental Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What muscles are active during mouth opening?

A

Mylohyoid, Digastrics, Geniohyoid

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2
Q

What is the anterior digastric origin, insertion?

A

Mandible, hyoid (these both can move…so this is different than typical origin/insertion rules. the mandible can move downward, and the hyoid can move upward when swallowing)

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3
Q

Where is the posterior digastric origin, insertion?

A

Mastoid notch (temporal bone), hyoid

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4
Q

What are the antagonists to the mandible elevator muscles?

A

Suprahyoids (these bring down mandible)

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5
Q

Retrusion of mandible is done by _____ fibers of temporalis, as well as the ______ and _____ groups.

A

Posterior (fibers), suprahyoids, infrahyoids

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6
Q

WHere does the genioglossus originate on the mandible?

A

Superior mental spine (genial tubercle)

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7
Q

Where doe sthe genioglossus insert?

A

Hyoid (inferior fibers), posterior tongue (intermediate fibers), ventral tongue (superior fibers)

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8
Q

The genioglossus does what 2 actions?

A

Protrusion, depression (depresses center of tongue, so dorsum is concave)

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9
Q

If you contract your genioglossus on one side, which way will it deviate toward?

A

The opposite side (this is why it’s “lick your wounds”)

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10
Q

Which parts of the hyoid does hyoglossus originate?

A

Body, greater horn

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11
Q

What are the 2 sites of origin of the styloglossus?

A

Styloid process, stylomandibular ligament

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12
Q

Where does the palatoglossus originate?

A

Palatine aponeurosis

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13
Q

What do the superior longitudinal tongue muscles do? Inferior?

A

Move tongue superior (on the sides), move tongue inferior (on the sides)

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14
Q

What do the transverse tongue muscles do?

A

Narrow, elongate tongue (they run transversely, like a transverse cut, so if the fibers contract it will narrow the tongue)

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15
Q

What do the vertical tongue muscles do?

A

Flatten, widen tongue (they run vertically, so if they contract, they flatten the tongue)

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16
Q

Where is zygomaticus major compared to minor?

A

Below

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17
Q

Which muscle pulls upper lip superiorly and laterally?

A

Zygomaticus major

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18
Q

Which muscle has its insertion in the upper lip and alar cartilage of nose?

A

levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

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19
Q

What is the origin of the levator labii superioris alaqae nasi?

A

Frontal process of maxilla

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20
Q

The levator anguli oris originates in the _______ in the canine fossa below the infraorbital foramne, but the depressor anguli oris originates in the _______, in the _____-line.

A

Maxilla, mandible, oblique line

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21
Q

What muscle has its origin in the alveolar process of maxilla and mandible and the _______ raphe?

A

Buccinator, pterygomandibular

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22
Q

The buccinator inserts into the lips, ___________ ____, and submucosa of lips and cheek.

A

Orbicularis oris

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23
Q

What muscles help the lateral pterygoids depress the mandible?

A

Anterior belly of digastric, omohyoid

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24
Q

Unilateral balanced occlusion, aka group function, is when what?

A

There are 1 or more teeth contacting on the working side during lateral movement

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25
Q

When is it necessary to have contacts on the nonworking side?

A

Dentures

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26
Q

What does the oblique ridge on the max 1st molar oppose?

A

The developmental groove bw the distobuccal cusp and distal cusp on md. M1

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27
Q

Where are the bucco-occlusal inclines and linguo-occlusal inclines?

A

Lingual incline of buccal cusps (max teeth), buccal incline of lingual cusps (md teeth)

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28
Q

What do Class II Div II incisors look like?

A

Overbite (vertical)

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29
Q

What do Class II Div I incisors look like?

A

Overjet (horizontal…think of a flight class where the officers are in “Div 1” and that is the best division and they have jets)

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30
Q

What are 3 words to describe the cusps that are in occlusion (the rounded cusps)?

A

Supporting, working, stamp

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31
Q

Supporting (working) cusps are closer/farther from the faciolingual center (center) of the tooth?

A

Closer

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32
Q

What are 4 words to describe the cusps that are not in occlusion?

A

Balancing, nonworking, noncentric, shearing

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33
Q

What mandibular cusp does “not occlude with anything”?

A

Md premolar 1- lingual cusp (pg 187 dental decks)

34
Q

In “unilateral balanced occlusion”, when you have a lateral movement, what cusps will contact?

A

The mx lingual will contact the md lingual; or the mx buccal will contact the md lingual.

35
Q

What are the 4 DETERMINANTS of occlusion?

A 
Determin-ANTS-A!
AAAA
1) Articular eminence contour
2) LAteral shift of condyle on working side
3) Arch position of tooth
4) Anterior teeth overlap
36
Q

Occlusal adjustments may include what 4 things with the tooth (what regions of tooth)?

A

Odontoplasty, enameloplasty, coronoplasty, disking (make baby teeth smaller)

37
Q

What are the 4 basic principles of occlusal ADJUSTMENT?

A

PrincipleSSS. Adjusssssstment.

1) Stay put- teeth need to stay put after adjustments
2) Surface-to-surface contacts should be changed to point-to-surface contacts
3) Long-axiS of tooth should bear force
4) Stresses are diStributed

38
Q

What are the posterior determinants of occlusion? Are they fixed or variable?

A

TMJ, disc, ligaments. Fixed.

39
Q

What are the anterior determinants of occlusion? Are they fixed or variable?

A

Teeth. Variable.

40
Q

How is the neuromuscular determinant of occlusion impacted?

A

**Remember this includes the nervous system and the muscular system (masticatory muscles).

It is impacted by the variable (teeth) determinant of occlusion.

41
Q

What is disclusion?

A

Separation of the posterior teeth when the anterior teeth move forward.

42
Q

What are the 5 requirements for occlusal stability?

A

Oh God Drunk & Druggy Nanny!

  • Occlusion (centric occlusion) has stable “stops”
  • Guidance-anterior (in harmony with border movement of envelope of function)
  • Disclusion of posteriors w/protrusion
  • Disculsion of posteriors on nonworking side
  • Noninterference of posteriors on working side
43
Q

What are the 5 requirements for equilibrium of the masticatory system?

A

Thank God Nanny took a Huge Vacation

  • TMJ stable
  • Guidance-anteriors
  • Noninterference
  • Horizontal stability (teeth in correct place in neutral zone)
  • Vertical stability (teeth in correct place for the muscles)
44
Q

What is the neutral zone?

A

The zone in between the tongue and the buccinator/orbicularis oris where the teeth erupt. The teeth end up in a place where the forces are equal.

45
Q

How is centric relation dependent on tooth contact?

A

It is not dependent on it! Centric relation depends on the bones of the mandible (condyle) and maxilla (glenoid fossa). Malocclusion, missing teeth, etc, do not alterFor the centric relation.

46
Q

Centric occlusion is anterior/posterior to centric relation.

A

Anterior

47
Q

How do you get the mandible into centric relation position?

A

The mandible must be relaxed, and gently guided into it

48
Q

What are functional and parafunctional contacts?

A

Functional=from swallowing, biting, normal actions.

Parafunctional=biting nails, bruxism, thumb sucking, etc.

49
Q

Which movements are affected by anterior guidance?

A

Protrusive, laterotrusive

50
Q

When the elevator muscles contract, what happens to the fulcrum? Where are the elevator muscles compared to the fulcrum? Compared to teeth?

A

Pressure is applied to the fulcrum.

The muscles are in front of the fulcrum, and behind teeth.

51
Q

For normal overbite, where should the maxillary incisors edges be on the mandibular incisors crowns?

A

In the incisal 1/3

52
Q

Overjet is measured from what surfaces?

A

Labial surface of mandibular and lingual surface of maxillary

53
Q

Where does the Curve of Spee start? What is an ideal curve of Spee?

A

Canine. Ideal=goes through condyles

54
Q

If you make the Curve of Spee curvier, what happens with the vertical overlap of the teeth?

A

Increase vertical overlap. Remember, the curve has a direct relationship with overlap. Greater curve=more overlap.

55
Q

The mandibular Curve of Wilson is convex/concave. The maxillary CoW is convex/concave.

A

Concave, convex

56
Q

What does the Curve of Wilson go through? Which is the direction? (anterior/posterior/etc)

A

Buccal, lingual cusp tips. It is a mediolateral curve.

57
Q

What is the name for the combined Curve of Wilson and Curve of Spee?

A

Sphere of Monson

58
Q

What type of lever is the mandible? What are the fulcrum/force/workload?

A

Class III. Fulcrum=condyle, force=muscles, workload=teeth

59
Q

What are the positions of things in a Class III system?

A

Fulcrum=posterior, force=middle, workload=anterior

60
Q

What parts of the oral cavity make up masticatory mucosa? Is there keratin?

A

Hard palate, gingiva. Yes.

61
Q

What parts of the oral cavity make up the lining mucosa?

A

Everything except hard palate, gingiva, and dorsum of tongue. So all the other tissues.

62
Q

What is the specialized mucosa in the oral cavity and what is it made of?

A

Dorsum of tongue (top of tongue). Primarily keratinized epithelium.

63
Q

What are the layers of the oral mucosa?

A

Epithelium: CGSB. Corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale.
Basement Membrane: Type IV collagen, hemidesmosomes (connect epithelium), laminin
Mucosa: Lamina propria. Has the papillary layer (loose CT) and the reticular layer (dense CT).
Submucosa: In areas of compression

64
Q

Which part of the mouth does not have a submucosa layer (the exception to the epithelium->mucosa->submucosa)

A

Ventral of tongue does not have this

65
Q

The occlusal table is what percent of the total faciolingual dimension?

A
66
Q

Which cells are remanants of HERS?

A

Epithelial rest cells; Rests of Malassaz

67
Q

Which nerve carries signals from the PDL?

A

V

68
Q

What are the two main components of the PDL?

A

Glycosaminoglycans (including hyaluronic acid, and other GAGs which do form proteoglycans), glycoproteins (laminin, fibronectin)

69
Q

What do cementicles develop from?

A

Epithelial rest cells

70
Q

The width of the attached gingiva is important. The width is greatest in the _____ teeth and narrowest in the _____ teeth.

A

Incisor, posterior

71
Q

What are the 3 components of the “attachment apparatus”?

A

The hard things!

Bone, cementum, PDL (NOT GINGIVA, THIS IS SOFT)

72
Q

What is in the periodontium?

A

Everything around a tooth. 1) Gingiva 2) Attachment apparatus (hard stuff)

73
Q

What is the content indicator for collagen?

A

Hydroxyproline amino acid

74
Q

How do the fibers of the PDL adapt?

A

They are remodeled by the periodontal ligament cells. They can adapt to different stimuli.

75
Q

What are the immature forms of elastin that are found in the PDL?

A

1) Oxytalan 2) Eluanin

76
Q

Which cells are present in gingiva as part of the mononuclear phagocyte system?

A

1) Macrophages (fixed) 2) Histiocytes (fixed phagocyte)

77
Q

What inflammatory cells are present in the sulcus of the gingiva?

A

1) Plasma cells 2) Lymphocytes

78
Q

What cells are present in the CT of the gingiva?

A

1) mast cells 2) adipose cells 3) eosinophils (lymphocyte with granules)

79
Q

What are the most common vessels that supply the PDL? Where do they come from?

A

Periosteal vessels. They come from the bone (periosteum). They go in between rete pegs.

80
Q

Most gingival nerves are myelinated/unmyelinated.

A

Myelinatd

Random Study Questions (3 decks)

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