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Dental Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What muscles are active during mouth opening?

A

Mylohyoid, Digastrics, Geniohyoid

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2
Q

What is the anterior digastric origin, insertion?

A

Mandible, hyoid (these both can move…so this is different than typical origin/insertion rules. the mandible can move downward, and the hyoid can move upward when swallowing)

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3
Q

Where is the posterior digastric origin, insertion?

A

Mastoid notch (temporal bone), hyoid

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4
Q

What are the antagonists to the mandible elevator muscles?

A

Suprahyoids (these bring down mandible)

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5
Q

Retrusion of mandible is done by _____ fibers of temporalis, as well as the ______ and _____ groups.

A

Posterior (fibers), suprahyoids, infrahyoids

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6
Q

WHere does the genioglossus originate on the mandible?

A

Superior mental spine (genial tubercle)

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7
Q

Where doe sthe genioglossus insert?

A

Hyoid (inferior fibers), posterior tongue (intermediate fibers), ventral tongue (superior fibers)

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8
Q

The genioglossus does what 2 actions?

A

Protrusion, depression (depresses center of tongue, so dorsum is concave)

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9
Q

If you contract your genioglossus on one side, which way will it deviate toward?

A

The opposite side (this is why it’s “lick your wounds”)

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10
Q

Which parts of the hyoid does hyoglossus originate?

A

Body, greater horn

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11
Q

What are the 2 sites of origin of the styloglossus?

A

Styloid process, stylomandibular ligament

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12
Q

Where does the palatoglossus originate?

A

Palatine aponeurosis

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13
Q

What do the superior longitudinal tongue muscles do? Inferior?

A

Move tongue superior (on the sides), move tongue inferior (on the sides)

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14
Q

What do the transverse tongue muscles do?

A

Narrow, elongate tongue (they run transversely, like a transverse cut, so if the fibers contract it will narrow the tongue)

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15
Q

What do the vertical tongue muscles do?

A

Flatten, widen tongue (they run vertically, so if they contract, they flatten the tongue)

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16
Q

Where is zygomaticus major compared to minor?

A

Below

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17
Q

Which muscle pulls upper lip superiorly and laterally?

A

Zygomaticus major

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18
Q

Which muscle has its insertion in the upper lip and alar cartilage of nose?

A

levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

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19
Q

What is the origin of the levator labii superioris alaqae nasi?

A

Frontal process of maxilla

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20
Q

The levator anguli oris originates in the _______ in the canine fossa below the infraorbital foramne, but the depressor anguli oris originates in the _______, in the _____-line.

A

Maxilla, mandible, oblique line

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21
Q

What muscle has its origin in the alveolar process of maxilla and mandible and the _______ raphe?

A

Buccinator, pterygomandibular

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22
Q

The buccinator inserts into the lips, ___________ ____, and submucosa of lips and cheek.

A

Orbicularis oris

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23
Q

What muscles help the lateral pterygoids depress the mandible?

A

Anterior belly of digastric, omohyoid

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24
Q

Unilateral balanced occlusion, aka group function, is when what?

A

There are 1 or more teeth contacting on the working side during lateral movement

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25
When is it necessary to have contacts on the nonworking side?
Dentures
26
What does the oblique ridge on the max 1st molar oppose?
The developmental groove bw the distobuccal cusp and distal cusp on md. M1
27
Where are the bucco-occlusal inclines and linguo-occlusal inclines?
Lingual incline of buccal cusps (max teeth), buccal incline of lingual cusps (md teeth)
28
What do Class II Div II incisors look like?
Overbite (vertical)
29
What do Class II Div I incisors look like?
Overjet (horizontal...think of a flight class where the officers are in "Div 1" and that is the best division and they have jets)
30
What are 3 words to describe the cusps that are in occlusion (the rounded cusps)?
Supporting, working, stamp
31
Supporting (working) cusps are closer/farther from the faciolingual center (center) of the tooth?
Closer
32
What are 4 words to describe the cusps that are not in occlusion?
Balancing, nonworking, noncentric, shearing
33
What mandibular cusp does "not occlude with anything"?
Md premolar 1- lingual cusp (pg 187 dental decks)
34
In "unilateral balanced occlusion", when you have a lateral movement, what cusps will contact?
The mx lingual will contact the md lingual; or the mx buccal will contact the md lingual.
35
What are the 4 DETERMINANTS of occlusion?
``` Determin-ANTS-A! AAAA 1) Articular eminence contour 2) LAteral shift of condyle on working side 3) Arch position of tooth 4) Anterior teeth overlap ```
36
Occlusal adjustments may include what 4 things with the tooth (what regions of tooth)?
Odontoplasty, enameloplasty, coronoplasty, disking (make baby teeth smaller)
37
What are the 4 basic principles of occlusal ADJUSTMENT?
PrincipleSSS. Adjusssssstment. 1) Stay put- teeth need to stay put after adjustments 2) Surface-to-surface contacts should be changed to point-to-surface contacts 3) Long-axiS of tooth should bear force 4) Stresses are diStributed
38
What are the posterior determinants of occlusion? Are they fixed or variable?
TMJ, disc, ligaments. Fixed.
39
What are the anterior determinants of occlusion? Are they fixed or variable?
Teeth. Variable.
40
How is the neuromuscular determinant of occlusion impacted?
**Remember this includes the nervous system and the muscular system (masticatory muscles). It is impacted by the variable (teeth) determinant of occlusion.
41
What is disclusion?
Separation of the posterior teeth when the anterior teeth move forward.
42
What are the 5 requirements for occlusal stability?
Oh God Drunk & Druggy Nanny! - Occlusion (centric occlusion) has stable "stops" - Guidance-anterior (in harmony with border movement of envelope of function) - Disclusion of posteriors w/protrusion - Disculsion of posteriors on nonworking side - Noninterference of posteriors on working side
43
What are the 5 requirements for equilibrium of the masticatory system?
Thank God Nanny took a Huge Vacation - TMJ stable - Guidance-anteriors - Noninterference - Horizontal stability (teeth in correct place in neutral zone) - Vertical stability (teeth in correct place for the muscles)
44
What is the neutral zone?
The zone in between the tongue and the buccinator/orbicularis oris where the teeth erupt. The teeth end up in a place where the forces are equal.
45
How is centric relation dependent on tooth contact?
It is not dependent on it! Centric relation depends on the bones of the mandible (condyle) and maxilla (glenoid fossa). Malocclusion, missing teeth, etc, do not alterFor the centric relation.
46
Centric occlusion is anterior/posterior to centric relation.
Anterior
47
How do you get the mandible into centric relation position?
The mandible must be relaxed, and gently guided into it
48
What are functional and parafunctional contacts?
Functional=from swallowing, biting, normal actions. | Parafunctional=biting nails, bruxism, thumb sucking, etc.
49
Which movements are affected by anterior guidance?
Protrusive, laterotrusive
50
When the elevator muscles contract, what happens to the fulcrum? Where are the elevator muscles compared to the fulcrum? Compared to teeth?
Pressure is applied to the fulcrum. The muscles are in front of the fulcrum, and behind teeth.
51
For normal overbite, where should the maxillary incisors edges be on the mandibular incisors crowns?
In the incisal 1/3
52
Overjet is measured from what surfaces?
Labial surface of mandibular and lingual surface of maxillary
53
Where does the Curve of Spee start? What is an ideal curve of Spee?
Canine. Ideal=goes through condyles
54
If you make the Curve of Spee curvier, what happens with the vertical overlap of the teeth?
Increase vertical overlap. Remember, the curve has a direct relationship with overlap. Greater curve=more overlap.
55
The mandibular Curve of Wilson is convex/concave. The maxillary CoW is convex/concave.
Concave, convex
56
What does the Curve of Wilson go through? Which is the direction? (anterior/posterior/etc)
Buccal, lingual cusp tips. It is a mediolateral curve.
57
What is the name for the combined Curve of Wilson and Curve of Spee?
Sphere of Monson
58
What type of lever is the mandible? What are the fulcrum/force/workload?
Class III. Fulcrum=condyle, force=muscles, workload=teeth
59
What are the positions of things in a Class III system?
Fulcrum=posterior, force=middle, workload=anterior
60
What parts of the oral cavity make up masticatory mucosa? Is there keratin?
Hard palate, gingiva. Yes.
61
What parts of the oral cavity make up the lining mucosa?
Everything except hard palate, gingiva, and dorsum of tongue. So all the other tissues.
62
What is the specialized mucosa in the oral cavity and what is it made of?
Dorsum of tongue (top of tongue). Primarily keratinized epithelium.
63
What are the layers of the oral mucosa?
Epithelium: CGSB. Corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale. Basement Membrane: Type IV collagen, hemidesmosomes (connect epithelium), laminin Mucosa: Lamina propria. Has the papillary layer (loose CT) and the reticular layer (dense CT). Submucosa: In areas of compression
64
Which part of the mouth does not have a submucosa layer (the exception to the epithelium->mucosa->submucosa)
Ventral of tongue does not have this
65
The occlusal table is what percent of the total faciolingual dimension?
66
Which cells are remanants of HERS?
Epithelial rest cells; Rests of Malassaz
67
Which nerve carries signals from the PDL?
V
68
What are the two main components of the PDL?
Glycosaminoglycans (including hyaluronic acid, and other GAGs which do form proteoglycans), glycoproteins (laminin, fibronectin)
69
What do cementicles develop from?
Epithelial rest cells
70
The width of the attached gingiva is important. The width is greatest in the _____ teeth and narrowest in the _____ teeth.
Incisor, posterior
71
What are the 3 components of the "attachment apparatus"?
The hard things! | Bone, cementum, PDL (NOT GINGIVA, THIS IS SOFT)
72
What is in the periodontium?
Everything around a tooth. 1) Gingiva 2) Attachment apparatus (hard stuff)
73
What is the content indicator for collagen?
Hydroxyproline amino acid
74
How do the fibers of the PDL adapt?
They are remodeled by the periodontal ligament cells. They can adapt to different stimuli.
75
What are the immature forms of elastin that are found in the PDL?
1) Oxytalan 2) Eluanin
76
Which cells are present in gingiva as part of the mononuclear phagocyte system?
1) Macrophages (fixed) 2) Histiocytes (fixed phagocyte)
77
What inflammatory cells are present in the sulcus of the gingiva?
1) Plasma cells 2) Lymphocytes
78
What cells are present in the CT of the gingiva?
1) mast cells 2) adipose cells 3) eosinophils (lymphocyte with granules)
79
What are the most common vessels that supply the PDL? Where do they come from?
Periosteal vessels. They come from the bone (periosteum). They go in between rete pegs.
80
Most gingival nerves are myelinated/unmyelinated.
Myelinatd

Random Study Questions (3 decks)

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