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FA17 HEENT > Dental > Flashcards

Dental Flashcards

1
Q

Normal adult dention

A

consists of 32 permanent teeth, broken into 4 parts (Incisors (8), Canines (4), Premolars (8), Molars (12))

number one begins in upper right back

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2
Q

children dentition

A

20 teeth

incisors (8), canines (4), molars (8)

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3
Q

time period for dental development

A

6th week of gestation thru adolescence

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4
Q

goals of screening dental exam

A

evaluation for abnormalities of teeth and oral mucosa

assessment of dental plaque

assessment for white spots/cavities

identify areas for preventative counseling and anticipatory guidance

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5
Q

nonnutritive sucking

A

self soothing behavior

use of pacifiers or sucking on digits

should decrease over time, pacifier is better than digits

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6
Q

teething symptoms

A

cranky, chew on objects, excessive drooling

NO evidence that it causes fever, diarrhea, or other symptoms

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7
Q

teething treatment

A

chilled teething ring or teething device

oral analgesia

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8
Q

fluoride supplement treatment indications

A

if child is high risk for caries + other fluoride vehicles are inadequate OR family is using non fluorinated water

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9
Q

scenarios where a family would be using non-fluorinated water

A

water from well

bottle feeding

exclusive breast feeding

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10
Q

white spot lesion

A

a dietary exposure that decreases pH < 5.5

enamel develops chalky texture

if cleaning and plaque removal occurs it will remove

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11
Q

who is referred for early dental eval?

A

prolonged breast feeding or bottle feeding ( >12)

frequent consumption of surgery beverages and snacks

use of liquid medication for longer than three weeks

insufficient fluoride exposure

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12
Q

impact of tobacco on dental health

A

stained teeth and tongue

dulled sense of taste and smell

oral cancer

gum disease

slow healing both extraction

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13
Q

alcoholism on dentistry

A

continuous exposure to alcohol increases risk of oral cancer

bleeding and bruising more easily

experience impaired wound healing and greater susceptibility to infection

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14
Q

meth and dentistry

A

distinct and severe pattern

decay on buccal smooth surface of teeth and inter proximal surfaces of anterior teeth

notice this decay in teenagers and young adults

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15
Q

cause of gingivitis

A

REVERSIBLE inflammation of gingiva

breakdown of attachment fibers connecting them

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16
Q

earliest and simplest form of gum disease

A

gingivitis

REVERSIBLE

17
Q

features of gingivitis

A

gums bleed easily

erythematous to blush purple in color

puffy due to presence of fluid

18
Q

gingivitis prognosis

A

REVERSIBLE with the removal of plaque and good oral hygiene

if ignored periodontal attachment fibers are destroyed and bacteria infect the bone

19
Q

gingival recession

A

attachment fivers holding gums to tooth and bone detach or are otherwise compromised

20
Q

gingival recession causes

A

periodontal disease

chronic heavy bite stress

unfavorable tooth position

aggressive tooth brushing

21
Q

periodontal disease

pathophysiology

A

untreated gingivitis progresses to point where bone destruction occurs and bacterial infection occurs

22
Q

periodontal disease

treatment

A

controlled indefinitely thru treatment by a dental professional, excellent home care and follow up

best treatment = prevention

23
Q

periodontal disease

systemic illness

A

chronic inflammation can increase CRP in liver and blood vessel –> Heart disease

bacteria in mouth can cause blood vessels to decrease diameter

24
Q

endentulism

A

untreated periodontal disease can result in loss of multiple teeth

25
Q

treatment options for dental caries

A

MC strep mutant (if in pits and fissures)

flossing is actually more important than brushing `

26
Q

periodontal abscess

pathophysiology

A

apex of tooth’s root becomes inflamed following trapping of periodontal pocket

following a chronic infection

27
Q

periodontal abscess

symptoms

A

abscess or osteomyelitis of mandible, maxilla or soft tissue

systemically ill but often presents with poor dental hygiene or dysphagia

swelling can occur within oral cavity with little outwardly visible evidence of infection

tongue displacement (stridor, drooling, airway compromise)

28
Q

periodontal abscess

tx

A

local therapy

warm rinse and antibiotics (PCN and Clinda)

analgesia

may need I and D

29
Q

acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

diagnostic triad

A

pain

ulceration (punched out) interdental papillae

gingival bleeding

30
Q

acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

secondary symptoms

A 
fetid breath 
pseudomembranous formation 
wooden teeth feeling
foul metallic taste
tooth mobility
31
Q

acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

risk factors

A 
caucasian
poor socioeconomic hx poor oral care
unusual emotional stress
inadequate sleep
recent illness
existing gingivitis
stress
smoking and alcohol use impair host membrane response
malnutrition

GREATEST: HIV

32
Q

acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

treatment

A

primary: bacterial control - peridex, metronidazole

33
Q

poor oral hygiene treatment

A

dental prophylaxis performed to remove mineralized food deposits

topical fluoride application or dental sealants

cavities are given fillings

XRAY to evaluate for tooth decay

34
Q

leukoplakia

features

A

white patch or plaque that can’t be scrape off that tissue cannot be classified

typically on buccal mucousa

mC pre oral cancer

35
Q

leukoplakia

cause

A

something irritates inside of mouth (poorly fitting dentures or rough spot)

smoking and chewing tobacco are also commonly implicated

36
Q

leukoplakia

treatment

A

typically removal of irritant will be curative

37
Q

erythroplakia

features

A

red patch of plaque that can’t be scraped off the tissue and not classified at specific disease

38
Q

most common type of oral cancer

A

squamous cell carcinoma

FA17 HEENT (8 decks)

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