Dental Flashcards
Normal adult dention
consists of 32 permanent teeth, broken into 4 parts (Incisors (8), Canines (4), Premolars (8), Molars (12))
number one begins in upper right back
children dentition
20 teeth
incisors (8), canines (4), molars (8)
time period for dental development
6th week of gestation thru adolescence
goals of screening dental exam
evaluation for abnormalities of teeth and oral mucosa
assessment of dental plaque
assessment for white spots/cavities
identify areas for preventative counseling and anticipatory guidance
nonnutritive sucking
self soothing behavior
use of pacifiers or sucking on digits
should decrease over time, pacifier is better than digits
teething symptoms
cranky, chew on objects, excessive drooling
NO evidence that it causes fever, diarrhea, or other symptoms
teething treatment
chilled teething ring or teething device
oral analgesia
fluoride supplement treatment indications
if child is high risk for caries + other fluoride vehicles are inadequate OR family is using non fluorinated water
scenarios where a family would be using non-fluorinated water
water from well
bottle feeding
exclusive breast feeding
white spot lesion
a dietary exposure that decreases pH < 5.5
enamel develops chalky texture
if cleaning and plaque removal occurs it will remove
who is referred for early dental eval?
prolonged breast feeding or bottle feeding ( >12)
frequent consumption of surgery beverages and snacks
use of liquid medication for longer than three weeks
insufficient fluoride exposure
impact of tobacco on dental health
stained teeth and tongue
dulled sense of taste and smell
oral cancer
gum disease
slow healing both extraction
alcoholism on dentistry
continuous exposure to alcohol increases risk of oral cancer
bleeding and bruising more easily
experience impaired wound healing and greater susceptibility to infection
meth and dentistry
distinct and severe pattern
decay on buccal smooth surface of teeth and inter proximal surfaces of anterior teeth
notice this decay in teenagers and young adults
cause of gingivitis
REVERSIBLE inflammation of gingiva
breakdown of attachment fibers connecting them
earliest and simplest form of gum disease
gingivitis
REVERSIBLE
features of gingivitis
gums bleed easily
erythematous to blush purple in color
puffy due to presence of fluid
gingivitis prognosis
REVERSIBLE with the removal of plaque and good oral hygiene
if ignored periodontal attachment fibers are destroyed and bacteria infect the bone
gingival recession
attachment fivers holding gums to tooth and bone detach or are otherwise compromised
gingival recession causes
periodontal disease
chronic heavy bite stress
unfavorable tooth position
aggressive tooth brushing
periodontal disease
pathophysiology
untreated gingivitis progresses to point where bone destruction occurs and bacterial infection occurs
periodontal disease
treatment
controlled indefinitely thru treatment by a dental professional, excellent home care and follow up
best treatment = prevention
periodontal disease
systemic illness
chronic inflammation can increase CRP in liver and blood vessel –> Heart disease
bacteria in mouth can cause blood vessels to decrease diameter
endentulism
untreated periodontal disease can result in loss of multiple teeth
treatment options for dental caries
MC strep mutant (if in pits and fissures)
flossing is actually more important than brushing `
periodontal abscess
pathophysiology
apex of tooth’s root becomes inflamed following trapping of periodontal pocket
following a chronic infection
periodontal abscess
symptoms
abscess or osteomyelitis of mandible, maxilla or soft tissue
systemically ill but often presents with poor dental hygiene or dysphagia
swelling can occur within oral cavity with little outwardly visible evidence of infection
tongue displacement (stridor, drooling, airway compromise)
periodontal abscess
tx
local therapy
warm rinse and antibiotics (PCN and Clinda)
analgesia
may need I and D
acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
diagnostic triad
pain
ulceration (punched out) interdental papillae
gingival bleeding
acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
secondary symptoms
fetid breath pseudomembranous formation wooden teeth feeling foul metallic taste tooth mobility
acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
risk factors
caucasian poor socioeconomic hx poor oral care unusual emotional stress inadequate sleep recent illness existing gingivitis stress smoking and alcohol use impair host membrane response malnutrition
GREATEST: HIV
acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
treatment
primary: bacterial control - peridex, metronidazole
poor oral hygiene treatment
dental prophylaxis performed to remove mineralized food deposits
topical fluoride application or dental sealants
cavities are given fillings
XRAY to evaluate for tooth decay
leukoplakia
features
white patch or plaque that can’t be scrape off that tissue cannot be classified
typically on buccal mucousa
mC pre oral cancer
leukoplakia
cause
something irritates inside of mouth (poorly fitting dentures or rough spot)
smoking and chewing tobacco are also commonly implicated
leukoplakia
treatment
typically removal of irritant will be curative
erythroplakia
features
red patch of plaque that can’t be scraped off the tissue and not classified at specific disease
most common type of oral cancer
squamous cell carcinoma
