Dental

Question 1

Describe normal dentition, numbering and age of loss of baby teeth

Answer 1

Normal adult has 28 teeth + 4 wisdom - central and lateral incisor, canine, 2 premolars and 3 molars

Right upper quadrant 1, left upper 2, right lower 3, left lower 4

Children have 20 milk teeth, central and lateral incision, canine and 2 molars
-Incisors are lost at age 6-7 and second molar 10-12

Question 2

Briefly describe the anatomy of a tooth

Answer 2

The tooth consists of the crown which is exposed and the root which lies within the socket covered by the gum.
The gingival pulp carries the neurovascular structures via the roo0t canal and is covered by dentine which in turn is covered by enamal the hardest structure in the body.

The deciduous teeth are 20 in number and erupt between 6months and 2 years. Permanent dentition beings to erupupt around the age of 6

Question 3

Describe a dry socket

Answer 3

Occurs between 2-5 days following a dental extraction. The dull throbbing pain is due to collection of nectrotic clot and debris in the socket. The condition is diangosed on the history and examination.

Treatment consists of irrigation of the extraction site to remove the necrotic material and packing the socket with sterile gauze soaked in local anaethetic followed by dental review.

Question 4

Discuss post extraction bleeding

Answer 4

Bleeding from the socket wihtin 48 hours after extraction results from reactionary haemorrahge due to opening up of the small divided blood vessels.

Bleeding after 5 days is secondary to haemorrahge due to infection that has destroyed the organised blood clot.

General causes such as hypertension and warfarin therapy must be addressed to control the bleeding.

Suctioning of the socket to clear debris and clot and then packing with gauze soaked in lignocaine and adrenaline.

Question 5

Discuss tooth avulsion

Answer 5

AN avulsed tooth if reimplanted in the socket within 30 minutes has a 90% chance of survival.

MANAGEMENT

• Tooth should not be handled from the root to avoid damage to the peridontal ligament fibres
• it is washed in cold running water and replaced ino the socket
• if this is not possible the patient should place the tooth in the cheek or under the tongue and proceed immediately to the dentist
• the best transport medium is saliva, cold milk or iced salt water are suitable alternatives
• in the depart wash wiht sterile saline holding by the crown. - It should then be placed in the socket as close to its original position as possible

Question 6

List complications dental infection and abscess

Answer 6

Spread of infection to submental, submandibular and parapharyngeal neck spaces.
Ludwigs angina

Question 6

List complications dental infection and abscess

Answer 6

Spread of infection to submental, submandibular and parapharyngeal neck spaces.
Ludwigs angina