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density Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Density?

A

Density is the ratio of mass to volume. This physical property is often used to identify and classify substances.

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2
Q

Formula for Density

A

Density =
Mass/Volume

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3
Q

Density is expressed in

A

g/mL or g/cm^3

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4
Q

What is Mass?

A

The amount of matter in an object

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5
Q

Formula for Mass

A

Mass = Density
× Volume

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6
Q

Mass is expressed in

A

Grams (g)

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7
Q

What is Volume?

A

The amount of space an object takes up

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8
Q

Three Formulas for Volume

A
  1. Length x Width
    × Height
  2. Volume =
    Mass/Density
  3. Final Vol. - Initial
    Vol. = Object Vol.
    (volume by displacement)
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9
Q

Volume is expressed in

A

cubic meters (cm^3) or milliliters (mL)

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10
Q

How do you find the volume of an irregular object?

A

Submerge the object in water inside a graduated cylinder, then use the water
displacement
formula. (Final Vol. -
Initial Vol. = Obiect
Vol.)

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11
Q

How do you know when to use cubic meters or milliliters?

A

cm^3 = Solids & mL
= Liquids (these are equal)

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12
Q

Does density change with temperature?
Explain.

A

Yes, heating an object generally causes it to expand.

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13
Q

For objects with equal volumes..

A

The denser object will have a larger mass.

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14
Q

For objects with equal masses…

A

The denser object will have a smaller volume.

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15
Q

What is the density of Water?

A

1 g/mL

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16
Q

If the density of an object is less than 1..

A

It will Float

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17
Q

If the density of an object is greater than 1..

A

It will Sink

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18
Q

What do all objects that float have in common?

A

They have a larger volume than mass

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19
Q

What do all objects that sink have in common?

A

They have a larger mass than volume

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20
Q

Does mass or volume alone determine whether an object will sink or float?

A

No, you need both mass and volume to determine

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21
Q

What is a Miniscus?

A

The meniscus is the dip in water usually seen in a measuring cylinder. (this is where you determine your measUrement)

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22
Q

How do you find the measurment scale on a Graduated
Cylinder?

A

Take two given measurements on the cylinder (ex. 60 mL and 50 mL) and subtract (you get 10 mL). Take this answer and divide
it by 10 (10mL/10 = 1
mL). Your answer will be the measurement scale (in this example, the scale goes by ones).

23
Q

What do you round to when Measuring in a Graduated
Cylinder?

A

Find the known values first (which are before the decimal point), and then estimate the last digit (which will go after the decimal point

24
Q

What is an Atom?

A

The smallest particle of an element

25
Q

What are Subatomic
Particles?

A

Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons, which Atoms are composed of

26
Q

What is a Nucleus?

A

A tiny, dense region in the center of an atom

27
Q

The nucleus contains what percentage of the entire atom’s mass?

A

99.97%

28
Q

Where are Protons and Neutrons
Located?

A

Inside the Nucleus

29
Q

Where are Electrons located?

A

Outside the nucleus in an Electron Cloud

30
Q

Mass of Protons and Neutrons?

A

1 amu (atomic
mass unit)

31
Q

Mass of Electrons?

A

0 amu (atomic mass unit) or 1/1840

32
Q

Charge of a Proton?

A

+1 (positive)

33
Q

Charge of
a Neutron?

A

0 (none)

34
Q

Charge of an Electron?

A

-1 (negative)

35
Q

Symbol for Protons?

A

p+

36
Q

Symbol for Neutrons?

A

n^0

37
Q

Symbol for Electron?

A

e-

38
Q

The atomic number of an element is equal to?

A

The number of protons

39
Q

The number of electrons is equal to?

A

The number of protons

40
Q

The mass of an element is equal to?

A

The number of protons + the number of neutrons

41
Q

Where is the atomic number located?

A

Top left corner

42
Q

Where is the atomic mass located?

A

On the bottom of the element under the symbol

43
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom with a negative or positive charge due to an uneven amount of either protons or electrons

44
Q

How can you tell if an atom has a negative charge?

A

There will be more electrons than protons, which would be shown by a negative exponent above the element symbol

45
Q

How can you tell if an atom has a positive charge?

A

There will be fewer electrons than protons, which a positive exponent above the element symbol would show

46
Q

Identify the Number of protons and electrons in Co +2

A

Protons = 27 &
Electrons = 25

47
Q

Identify the Number of protons and electrons in P -3

A

Protons = 15 &
Electrons = 18

48
Q

What would happen if the number of
PROTONS were to change in an atom?

A

The charge of the nucleus and the atomic number (which is always equal to its number of protons) would change, resulting in a different element

49
Q

What is an Isotope?

A

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons (which affect its mass)

50
Q

In an isotope name, what does the number after the element name represent?

A

Its mass

51
Q

What does symbolic notation for isotopes look like?

A

The element symbol with a small number at the top
representing the mass and a small number below representing the element number

52
Q

What’s the equation showing the relationship
between an atom’s atomic number and its mass number?

A

Mass # - Atomic # =
# of Neutrons

53
Q

Why are atoms neutral despite having charged particles?

A

Because there are equal amounts of of positive protons and negative electrons in the neutrons, which cancel each other out

chemistry (3 decks)

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