Denominators

Question 1

What is natural increase?

Answer 1

Births - Deaths

Question 2

What is net migration?

Answer 2

In - Out

Question 3

What is a population?

Answer 3

1) All the inhabitants of a given area considered together

2) In sampling: the whole collection of units from which a sample may be drawn

Question 4

What is the total dependency ratio? What is the interpretation?

Answer 4

(P0-14 + P65+)/P15-64 x 100

At TDR > 100, there are more dependent people than workers

Question 5

Describe populations in each of the stage

Answer 5

STAGE 1: EXPANDING

• also “zero growth” and “preindustrial”
• high birth rate
• high death rates (so rapid fall in each upward age group)
• short life expectancy
• shape: ‘ski slopes’ triangle

STAGE 2: EXPANDING

• also “quick growth” or “developing”
• high birth rate
• falling death rate
• slightly longer life expectancy
• shape: triangle

STAGE 3: STATIONARY

• also “slow growth” or “young developed”
• declining birth rate
• low death rate
• longer life expectancy
• shape: half-oval

STAGE 4: CONTRACTING

• also “no growth” or “old developed”
• low birth rate
• low death rate
• higher dependency ratio
• longer life expectancy
• shape: truncated circle

Question 6

Rate of natural increase (RNI)?

Answer 6

RNI = (crude birth rate/1000) - (crude death rate/1000) x 100

Question 7

Doubling time?

Answer 7

70/Rate of Natural increase

Question 8

Growth rate?

Answer 8

r = (lnP2 - lnP1)/t

Question 9

Doubling time?

Answer 9

t = ln2/r

Question 10

What are the characteristics of a stable population?

Answer 10

• Constant age distribution and growth rate
• Constant birth and death rates
• Population can still change size

Question 11

What is a stationary population?

Answer 11

• Growth rate is zero

- Age distribution and SIZE of population are constant

Question 12

Sex ratio formula?

Answer 12

males/#females x 100

Question 13

What is primary sex ratio?

Answer 13

Sex ratio at conception (1.15-1.20)

Question 14

What is secondary sex ratio?

Answer 14

Sex ratio at birth (1.05)

Question 15

What is tertiary sex ratio?

Answer 15

Sex ratio in adulthood and old age (1 at 30 yrs; 0.25 at 100 years)

Question 16

Crude birth rate formula?

Answer 16

births/midyear pop x 1000

Question 17

General fertility rate formula (GFR)?

Answer 17

births/midyear fem15-49 pop x 1000

Question 18

Age-specific fertility rate formula?

Answer 18

fx = Bx/Wx x 1000

Question 19

Total fertility rate formula (TFR)? Interpretation?

Answer 19

TFR = (interval size) * SUM(age-specific fertility rates)

children expected to be born to an individual woman over the duration of her childbearing years

Question 20

What Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is needed for replacement of the population?

Answer 20

Depends on life expectancy
If LE = 25: 5.2
If LE = 75: 2.1

Question 21

Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR) formula? Interpretation?

Answer 21

GRR = TFR * pw

*pw = % of female births in pop

Average # of female offsprings. If <1 insufficient reproductivity for replacement; >1 sufficient for replacement; =1 zero growth

Question 22

Net reproduction rate?

Answer 22

GRR adjusted for mortality in women of childbearing ages - best indicator for long term potential population growth

Question 23

Cohort fertility rate (CFR)?

Answer 23

CFR = (interval size)*SUM(age-specific fertility rate) for one birth cohort

Question 24

What is fecundity?

Answer 24

Has to do with contraception, sterilization, disease-specific, etc.