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sociology paper 2 > demography (f+h) > Flashcards

demography (f+h) Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Why did the fertility rate increase to 1.61 in 2021

A

People were having more babies due to lockdown taking place

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2
Q

What happens to the TRF in 1945

A

It increased due to end of WW2

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3
Q

Why may have the TRF decreases in the 1960s?

A

Change in women’s roles
Contraception act introduced in 1967
Divorce Act introduced in 1969

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4
Q

What is brith rate?

A

Number of live births per 1000 of the population

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5
Q

What is the trend and what impact does it have

A

There is a long term decline this results in smaller families, uneven dependent ratio, changing status of childhood.

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6
Q

What is the dependency ratio

A

The relationship between the proportion of the population who are working and those who are dependent or not working.

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7
Q

What is child centredness

A

Identifies children as special and unique who deserve respect and reflect the needs, interest and views of children.

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8
Q

What is general fertility rate

A

The number of live births per 1000 women of child-bearing age per year

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9
Q

What is the trend in general fertility rate

A

The general fertility rate has massively declined

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10
Q

What is the total fertility rate

A

The average number of children a women will have in her child-bearing years

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11
Q

What is the trend in total fertility rate

A

The total fertility rate has declined hitting record low

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12
Q

What are the reasons for decline in birth rate and fertility rate

A

Decrease in infant mortality
Economic
Changing role of women
Child centerness ( changing positions of children)
Education
Contraception

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13
Q

What is the main trend in death rates

A

Declined in the long term but peaked in 2012 and 2019-2020 due to covid 19
Fairly stable

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14
Q

What is the death rate

A

The number of people per 1000 who are in a particular area during a particular period of time

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15
Q

What is infant mortality rate

A

The number of deaths per 1000 babies within the first year, per years

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16
Q

What is the trend in the infant mortality rate

A

It has massively decreased

17
Q

What is the causes of a decrease in infant mortality

A

Better healthcare and knowledge
Better hygiene
Better nutrition
Improvement in housing
Better standard of living
Better sanitation

18
Q

What are the impacts of a decrease in infant mortality

A

Lower birth rate
Rise in child centerness

19
Q

Reasons for decline in death rates

A

Improved nutrition
Health and safety legislation
Medical improvements
Public health measures, environmental and welfare improvements
Improved medical care e.g. care homes
Lifestyle changes- health and education

20
Q

What are the impacts of decline in death rates

A

Ageing population- higher dependency ratio, less people working
Status of children/ child centerness- people put more time/ effort/ money into children
Single person households-more widowed people or separation=less housing for families
Social policy- increase in pensions, care homes and less money on younger people
Strain on public services- NHS, social workers, care homes, public transport jused more by ageing population

21
Q

What is the life expectancy

A

An estimate of how long an average person born in a given year can expect to live

22
Q

What is the trend in life expectancy

A

It is increasing over time
Average people are living longer
Every two years the life expectancy increases

23
Q

What are the causes and impacts on life expectancy

A

Improved nutrition
Improved medical care
Health and safety legislation
Lifestyle changes
Public Health- declining infant mortality and fertility rates

24
Q

What is ageing population

A

The size and proportion of the population as relates to age overtime

25
Q

What is the trend in ageing population

A

People are living loner not matching lives births- less entering and less leaving the population

26
Q

Causes for ageing population

A

Declining infant mortality
Decline in fertility rate
Increased life expectancy

27
Q

Advantages of an ageing population

A

Roles models
Life expectancy
A boost to the economy
Social construction of aid age
Less crime older people are more law abiding
Being able to support the family e.g. childcare
Social cohesion and community involvement

28
Q

Disadvantages of an ageing population

A

Housing shortages
A loss of skill from the labour force
Increasing poverty and hardship
Pensioners ‘time bomb’ -burden or dependence
More ill health and disability- more strain on NHS
more work for women- expected to take care of elderly relatives
Family stresses

sociology paper 2 (3 decks)

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