Demography Flashcards
What is demography?
Study of population, including factors affecting its size and growth (birth death migration etc)
What has demographic changes affected?
Birth rate, family size, age of child-bearing and age of marriage.
What is the birth rate?
The number of live births per 1000 of population per year
What is the total fertility rate?
The average number of children a women would have during her fertile years
What is the infant mortality rate?
The number of infants dying in their first year per 1000 live births
What was the birth rate in 2012?
1.9
How does decline in morality affect demography?
Decline of infant mortality means fewer children are needed or born
How do economic factors affect demography?
Children in the 19th century were seen as economic asset, as they provide for the family however today children are seen as a financial burden as the cost of raising a child has increased.
How has women’s opportunities affected demography?
Women now have more options besides marriage therefore they focus on their career and delay having children. (Sue sharpe 1970 vs 1994)
How has change in social attitudes affected demography?
Children were desirable (seen as economic assets) until the late 19th century but in the mid 20th century 3 children were seen as the norm and smaller families meant better living standards.
How has individualisation affected demography?
Individual’s now make their own choices and do not conform to social norms (Beck & Beck). Children are seen as a risk as they could affect the couples relationship, their careers and be a financial burden so they are delayed.
How has contraception and abortion affected demography?
In the past contraception was disapproved (frowned upon and stigmatised) and abortion was seen as unsafe.
Now contraception is normalised and abortion is allowed after the 1967 abortion act.
