Demography

Question 1

What does individual perspective focus on?

Answer 1

health
risk factors
exposures
casual mechanisms in people as individuals

Question 2

What does population perspective focus on?

Answer 2

disorders of mass disease
exposures
casual mechanisms in people as group

Question 3

What are the key events/processes that drive a countries population?

Answer 3

birth
marriage
migration
age
death

Question 4

What are the key characteristics of a population that can have an impact on demographic?

Answer 4

size and density
age distribution
sex ratio
geographical distribution
ethnic composition
level and distribution of education
level and distribution of economic resources

Question 5

What are the reasons for woman delaying childbirth?

Answer 5

Contraception more accessible
education - delays marriage and family planning skills
changes in support for families e.g. maternity and paternity leave/tax credits

Question 6

How is birth rate calculated?

Answer 6

births in a year/mid year population of men and woman

Question 7

How is fertility rate calculated?

Answer 7

births in a year/mid year population of woman of reproductive age

Question 8

What effects life expectancy?

Answer 8

Most heavily influenced by mortality rates
Improvements in:
nutrition
hygiene
conditions of living (housing, child labor), immunizations
reductions in maternal mortality - reduced mortality among infants, children and women in their reproductive year

Question 9

What is period life expectancy?

Answer 9

at a given age for an area is the average number of years a person would live, if he or she experienced the particular area’s age-specific mortality rates for that time period throughout his or her life
no allowance for any later actual or projected changes in mortality

Question 10

What is cohort life expectancy?

Answer 10

calculated using age-specific mortality rates which allow for known or projected changes in mortality in later years
regarded as a more appropriate measure of how long a person of a given age would be expected to live, on average, than period life expectancy

Question 11

What is the demographic transition model?

Answer 11

general pattern of changes in death rates, population growth, and birth rates that appears during the process of modernization
4 stages:
Stage 1 - birth and death rates are high
Stage 2 - birth rates high but death rates fall
Stage 3 - birth rates fall and death rates stay low
Stage 4 - birth and death rates low, population stabilises