Demography Flashcards
Define what birth rate means ?
The number of live births per 1000 of the population per year.
Define what total fertility rate means ?
The average number of children women will have during their fertile years.
Describe the trend in the birth rate ?
there has been a steady decline in the birth rate except for in the 1920’s,40’s and 1960’s. This is because this is when the 3 baby booms took place because soldiers were leaving and returning from war, and in the 60’s the sexual revolution took place.
Identify 4 reasons for why the birth rate has decreased ?
improved healthcare- less insurance births introduction of effective contraception having children later- less opportunity lower infant mortality rate increased expense of children emancipation of women.
identify 4 reasons for the decrease in the fertility rate ?
women are having children later lifestyle factors choice increased expense of children lower infant mortality rates
Define what is meant by the term death rate ?
The number of deaths per 1000 of the population per year.
Describe the trend of the death rate ?
it has steadily fallen except in times of war and depression.
Identify 4 reasons for why the death rate is decreasing ?
better healthcare less disease- better sanitation improved technology free healthcare medical advances free public health measures improved nutrition high incomes allowing for a healthier lifestyle less dangerous manual occupations e.g. mining
What is meant by the term ageing population ?
where the median average age of the country is rising due to factors like the falling birth and death rate.
What is the life expectancy of men and women these days compared to the 1900’s ?
1900’s men= 50 and women =57
200’s men= 77 and women = 81
Identify some effects of an ageing population ?
the dependency ratio increases more beanpole families tax increase to help pay pensions not enough healthcare facilities as they are occupied by old people policy implications
what is the dependency ratio ?
an age-population ratio of those typically not in the labour force and those typically in the labour force
Define what migration is ?
Moving from one area to another area, maybe from one country to another.
Define what emigration is ?
The act of leaving one’s own country to settle permanently in another
Identify some reasons why people would migrate ?
Push factors-
poverty, unemployment, climate and persecution
Pull factors- job opportunities, education, climate, family and political or religious reasons.
