Demography

Question 1

Birth stats

Answer 1

Birth rate: 1900 was 28.7, 2014 was 12.2
Increase of 1.8% in 2020 live births from 2019 birth

Question 2

Harper (education)

Answer 2

Education is the main reason for the fall in birth rate, fertility rate and career focused people

Question 3

Harper (IMR)

Answer 3

A fall in IMR leads to a fall in BR as we don’t need to replace lost babies

Question 4

Stats IMR

Answer 4

in 1900, UK was 15.4%, in 2014 Afghanistan was 11.7%

Question 5

Brass and Kabir

Answer 5

there was a trend for smaller families in urban areas, even though IMR was high

Question 6

Death stats

Answer 6

the death rate in 1900 was 19, and in 2012 it was 8.9

Question 7

Tranter

Answer 7

3/4 of the decline in death rate is due to fall in infectious diseases

Question 8

McKeown

Answer 8

Improved nutrition reduced death rates by half

Question 9

Nutrition death stats

Answer 9

1/4 UK adults are obese and not many smoking

Question 10

Ageing population stats

Answer 10

Life expectancy in 1900 for men was 50, for women was 57.
in 2013 for men was 90.7, for women was 94

Question 11

Hirsch

Answer 11

Traditional age pyramids are disappearing, in 2041 there will be the same amount of 78 year olds as 5 year olds

Question 12

Ageing population effects

Answer 12

Public services are dampened by on-person pensioner households, the dependency ratio is increasing

Question 13

Philipson

Answer 13

Old people aren’t of use to capitalism, so they make the family take care of the elderly

Question 14

Hunt

Answer 14

Lifestyle and identity can vary regardless of age, with different levels of consumption

Question 15

Pilcher

Answer 15

Inequalities among the old such as class and gender

Question 16

Age concern

Answer 16

29% of the elderly report suffering age discrimination

Question 17

Hirsch (inequality)

Answer 17

Society needs to change as old age is a social construct, need to adapt policy to support it

Question 18

Migration stats

Answer 18

In 2014 there were 260,000 net migrations with 25% of births to non-UK parents

Question 19

Ehrenreich and Hochschild

Answer 19

Feminisation of migration due to increase in care, domestic and sex work due to increasing service occupation

Question 20

Eriksen

Answer 20

Shallow and deep diversity.

Question 21

Castles

Answer 21

Assimilationist policies are counter-productive leading to further marginalisation