demography

Question 1

define demography

Answer 1

the study of populations and their characteristics

Question 2

define immigration

Answer 2

how many people enter the country from elsewhere

Question 3

define emigration

Answer 3

how many people leave the country to live elsewhere

Question 4

until the 1980s, uk population growth was largely the product of what?

Answer 4

natural change

Question 5

since the 1980s where has most of the UKs population growth come from?

Answer 5

net migration

Question 6

what factors cause a population increase?

Answer 6

increase births
increase immigration

Question 7

what factors cause population decrease?

Answer 7

increase death rate
increase emigration

Question 8

define birth rate

Answer 8

the number of live births per thousand of the population per year

Question 9

what has the long term trend of births been since the 1900s?

Answer 9

decline

Question 10

how many baby booms were there in the 20th century? and when were they?

Answer 10

3 baby booms
the first two came after the world wars
the third was in the 1960s

Question 11

what factors determine the birth rate?

Answer 11

1. the proportion of women who are of childbearing age
2. how fertile they are (how many kids they have)

Question 12

what is the total fertility rate (TFR)?

Answer 12

the average number of children women will have during their fertile years

Question 13

describe the UKs TFR trend

Answer 13

all time low of 1.63 children per woman in 2001
rose to 1.83 by 2014
still lower than the peak of 2.95 children in 1964 (baby boom period)

Question 14

what do the changes in fertility and birth rates reflect?

Answer 14

• more women are remaining childless than in the past
• women are postponing having children

Question 15

what factors explain the long term decline in birth rate since 1900?

Answer 15

1. changes in women’s position
2. decline in infant mortality rate
3. children are now an economic liability
4. child centredness