demography

Question 1

harper

Answer 1

-the greatest fall in death rates is not due to medical improvements but a reduction in smoking.
-criticism: obesity has replaced smoking as the new lifestyle epidemic with 1/4 of UK adults being obese
(2012)
-harper: we have moved towards an “American” health culture where lifestyles are unhealthy but a longer lifespan is achieved with costly medication
-less deaths from obesity due to drug therapies

Question 2

hirsch (2005)

Answer 2

-people will need to work in their 60s and 70s or pay more taxes to contribute to the increasing cost of health and social care.
-competition between single pensioners and single young people for housing has caused housing prices to rise

Question 3

townsend (1979)

Answer 3

-more older people in poverty than younger people has lead to the development of an underclass of pensioners due to no more reliance on income from employment.
-people who were in poverty during their working life are likely to stay in poverty in the future due to less savings and private pensions.

Question 4

phillipson (1982)

Answer 4

-old people are not taken care of by the state because they are seen as no use to capitalism once they have stopped working.
-the burden of care is now on the family, especially female relatives, to support their elder family members adequately.

Question 5

cohen (2006)

Answer 5

three types of migrants:
-citizens: have fulll citizenship rights such as voting rights and access to benefits.
-denizens: privileged foreign nationals (e.g. billionaire oligarch) welcomed by the state
-helots: slaves, the most exploited group (disposable units of labour power) found in poorly paid work and includes workers who were trafficked and more.

Question 6

ehrenreich and hochschild (2003)

Answer 6

the feminisation of migration:
–more care, domestic and sex work in the UK and USA increasingly done by women from poorer countries as a result of:
-expansion of service occupation which increases demand for female labour
-Western women and men who are in the labour force unwilling to do domestic labour
-the failure of the state to probide adequate childcare

Question 7

eriksen (2007)

Answer 7

transnational identities:
-shaped by the impact of globalisation on migration patterns. —the traditional idea of permanent settlement in a new country has evolved, with more people engaging in back-and-forth movement. consequently, migrants may no longer perceive themselves as exclusively belonging to a single culture or country. instead, their connections are often stronger with fellow migrants globally than with their country of origin or settlement. for instance, Chinese migrants in Rome may prioritize communication in Mandarin over Italian, emphasizing the importance of connecting with other Chinese migrants worldwide.