changing family patterns

Question 1

Allan and Crow

Answer 1

the family is no longer a unit of production so women aren’t financially dependent on men

Question 2

Giddens(1992)

Answer 2

traditional norms such as staying with the same partner for life has lost its hold over individuals, who now seek personal fufillment more often in relationships.
this means that relationships less likely to last if they don’t provide the individual’s personal needs

Question 3

Weeks (1999)

Answer 3

chosen famillies: gay people have created famillies based on “frienship as kinship” where friendship becomes a type of kinship network which provides the same security and stability as heterosexual famillies.
this could be due to increased social acceptance of same-sex cohabitation.

Question 4

Allan and Crow (2)

Answer 4

same-sex couples are less stable and more flexible than heterosexual couples as a result of negotiating their commitment and responsibilities more due to the absence of legal frameworks until recently like civil partnerships.

Question 5

Renvoize(1985)

Answer 5

-a cause of lone-parent famillies is professional women being able to support children without the father’s involvement.

Question 6

Murray(1984)

Answer 6

-lone-parent famillies have been created due to the state providing generous benefits to unmarried women and their children, creating a ‘dependency culture’ where people assume that they won’t need to work in order to provide for their children.

Question 7

Ferri and Smith(1998)

Answer 7

-step families are similar to first families as step parents are involved in childrearing but are at greater risk of poverty

Question 8

Allan and Crow (2001)

Answer 8

-tensions in step famillies is caused by divided loyalties issues and contact with the non-resident parent

Question 9

Mizra(1997)

Answer 9

-more black lone-parent famillies is a result of the value black women place on independence

Question 10

Reynolds(2002)

Answer 10

-found that Black Carribean lone-parent families are stable, supportive but are non-cohabiting. visiting families, where the father plays his full and active role when he’s at home derives from cultural traditions in the Carribean islands.

Question 11

Ballard(1982)

Answer 11

-extended family ties were an important source of support among Asian families in the early migration period.

Question 12

Bell(1968)

Answer 12

-research in Swansea showed how the extended family is important by providing support, both practical and emotional to kin.
middle-class: father provides financial help to sons more
working-class:families live closer to each other, mothers help daughters with domestic tasks more.

Question 13

Brannen (2003) and Charles

Answer 13

-the beanpole family is extended vertically between generations but not extended horizontally (aunts, uncles etc)
Charles: show evidence by highlighting high levels of contact between mothers and daughters but less between brothers and sisters