Demography

Question 1

Birth Rate

Answer 1

Per thousand per year
Fallen since 1900
Has fluctuated between this time eg baby booms of 19th century

Question 2

Reasons for fall in birth rate

Answer 2

Changes in women’s position- employment- gender discrimination act and equal pay act ,
more equal, career focused, have children later in life
Economic liability
Society has become more child centered- smaller family sizes
Fall in IMR- different parental attitudes

Question 3

Fertile window

Answer 3

On average how many children a women will have when he is most fertile
This is going down, women on average having less children

Question 4

Effect of changing fertility

Answer 4

Smaller family sizes, more single person households, increasing dependency ratio, people are lonelier.

Question 5

Death Rate

Answer 5

Pe thousand per year
Declined
People live longer

Question 6

Reasons for decrease in death rate

Answer 6

Improved nutrition, increased resistance to illness, medical improvements since 1950 eg anti-biotics, less people smoke, public health measures, housing, drinking water and sewage disposal.
Social change eg decline of manual work. Better living conditions , higher incomes
Can differ depending on class, gender and reigion/area living in.

Question 7

Ageing population

Answer 7

People are now living longer and having less children, causing the population to get older and moe dependent.

Question 8

Causes of ageing population

Answer 8

Increased life expectancy, smaller fertile window, declining IMR, women having less children or none at all.

Question 9

Effect of ageing population

Answer 9

Consume more public services- health services. More one person pensioner households. Increased dependency ratio- more burden on the working population.

Question 10

Ageism , modernity and postmodernity

Answer 10

Negative stereotyping and unequal treatment of old people, discrimination in employment etc.
modern society- old are no use to capitalism, distinct life stages
Postmodern society- orderly stages of life no longer exist, broke down through things like anti ageing creams etc

Question 11

Migration- types

Answer 11

Immigration- coming in
Emigration- going out

Question 12

Push and pull factors of emigration

Answer 12

Push- pushing you out of a country
Examples- economic recession and unemployment
Pull- bringing you in
Examples- higher wages and better opportunities

Question 13

Impact of migration

Answer 13

Ethnically diverse society
Population grows, natural increase (more birth than death),
Change in dependency ratio- often older when they come however have children.
Longer the group is settled, fertility group begins to match host culture

Question 14

Globalisation and migration

Answer 14

Increased interconnectedness of societies
International migration has caused a sped up rate of migration, due to easier travel, media, communication systems etc

Question 15

Effects of globalisation of migration

Answer 15

Acceleration- faster rate of migration,
Differentiation- different types of migrant

Question 16

Trends of globalisation and migration

Answer 16

Feminisation- most migrants are women, due to gender division of labour, do stereotypical roles eg cleaner or provider of sexual services.
Men are unwilling to perform domestic labour, failure to provide adequate childcare

Question 17

Migrant identities

Answer 17

Country of origin provides an additional source of identity . Hybrid identities are often challenged

Question 18

Transnational identities

Answer 18

More diverse migration patterns mean that they do not see themselves as belonging completely to one culture

Question 19

Politicisation of migration

Answer 19

Assimilation- encouraged migrants to adopt the language and values of host culture
Multiculturalism- retain a separate identity but for superficial things like traditional foods.
Divided working class- migrants are to blame for social problems, causing a divide.