Demographics

Question 1

What is demographics?

Answer 1

Study of the age structure and growth of populations.

Question 2

What is a person-year?

Answer 2

• People per year
• E.g. 1000 person-years = 1000 people per year

Question 3

What is the crude birth rate?

Answer 3

Crude birth rate = (No. births ÷ Population size) ÷ Time

Question 4

What is the world average crude birth rate?

Answer 4

~20 births per 1000 person-years

Question 5

What is the crude death rate?

Answer 5

Crude death rate = (No. deaths ÷ Population size) ÷ Time

Question 6

What is the world average crude death rate?

Answer 6

~9 deaths per 1000 person-years

Question 7

What is the crude rate of natural increase/decrease?

Answer 7

Crude birth rate - Crude death rate

Question 8

What is the total fertility rate?

Answer 8

Average number of births per reproductive life cycle of women

Question 9

What is the gross fertility rate?

Answer 9

Average number of daughters per average reproductive life cycle of woman

Question 10

What is the net reproductive rate?

Answer 10

Average number of daughters per mother who is expected to survive to repreoductive age

Question 11

What is infant mortality rate?

Answer 11

Probability of dying before 1 year of age

Question 12

What is the child mortality rate?

Answer 12

Probability of dying before 5 years of age

Question 13

What is adult mortality rate?

Answer 13

Probability of dying between ages of 15 and 60

Question 14

What is the purpose of age standardising death rates?

Answer 14

Allows different populations with different age structures to be comparable to each other.

Question 15

Why are estimates for life expectancy not accurate?

Answer 15

Calculating life expectancies requires that retrospective information regarding death rates in each ae group be used, which is not representitive of current trends

Question 16

What factors are responsible for the decline in death rates over history?

Answer 16

1. Decline in number of deaths during epidemics
2. Decline in number of backgound deaths out of epidemics

Question 17

What is the biggest contributing factor to decreased infant mortality throughout the 20th century?

Answer 17

Improved understanding of disease → Improved public education → Improved incomes → Improved parenting → Reduced chance of infant infection → Reduced infant mortality

Question 18

What are the main factors that contributed to adult mortality thoughout 19/20c?

Answer 18

1. Deaths due to TB
2. Deaths due to tobacco

Question 19

What is the single most important factor in decline of adult mortality in 20c?

Answer 19

Reduction in tobacco-related deaths

Question 20

What are the major causes of higher mortality risks implicated by social inequality?

Answer 20

1. Cardiovascular disease
2. Tobacco-related diseases