demographic transition model Flashcards
stage one characteristics
High Fluctuating BR
High Fluctuating DR
Low natural increase (minimal population change).
The poorest areas of LICs – e.g. Rural Sierra Leone + Amazon Basin tribes
stage one high death rate due to
Poor healthcare
Disease and famine
Poor infrastructure
lack of clean water
lack of sanitation
lack of food
stage one high birth rate due to
Children are an economic ASSET. They can work to earn money for the family.
Because IMR is high, so large birth rate required for desired family size.
Poor family planning – education and access
Cultural beliefs that large families are good.
stage two characteristics
Still High & stable BR
Rapidly declining DR
Rapidly increasing population size
E.g. Kenya
stage two Rapidly Decreasing Death Rate due to
Improving medicine and healthcare – wealth / technology / medicines.
Improved food supply
Improving Clean water – Sanitation
stage two high birth rate due to
Children are an economic ASSET. They can work to earn money for the family.
Because IMR is high, so large birth rate required for desired family size.
Poor family planning – education and access
Cultural beliefs that large families are good.
stage three characteristics
Small decrease in DR
Rapidly declining BR
Population increasing but starts to slow.
E.g. India, Brazil
stage three Decreasing birth Rate due to
Improved education regarding family planning + availability of contraception
Child labour laws – children are economic BURDENS.
Lower IMR mean fewer births ‘needed’
stage four characteristics
Very low DR
Continually declining BR
Fairly stationary population
E.g. UK, USA, Australia
stage four low death rate due to
Very high standard of living.
High standard of healthcare.
Easily available healthcare
stage four low birth rate due to
A
Universal access to contraception
Availability of abortion
Emancipation of women
Choosing jobs before family
Later marriage
stage five characteristics
Very low birth rate.
Slightly increasing death rate.
Zero population growth or declining population (natural decrease)
E.g. Germany and Japan
stage five very low birth rate due to
Universal access to contraception
Availability of abortion
Emancipation of women
Choosing jobs before family
Later marriage
Ageing population meaning fewer births
stage five increasing death rate due to
Large proportion of elderly dying.
