Demographic Issues Flashcards
- What contributes to falling death rates?
When a country is developing, people living longer, healthier people.
- Why might death rates increase?
War, disease
- What is natural increase?
the rate of natural increase (RNI) is the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate of a population.
- Identify three factors which might affect the infant mortality rate.
Health care
Sanitation
Education
- At approximately what level is the world’s population likely to stabilize?
10 billion (Global population growth, box by box)
- Explain the Demographic Transition Model.
An attempt to summarize an observed relationship between population growth and economic development. Traces the changing levels of human fertility and mortality presumably associated with industrialization and urbanization.
- What are the characteristics of Phase 1 on the demographic transition model?
Ex. Somalia Pre-industrial societies, mostly rural environments Death rate is high and fluctuates Birth rate is high Fertility and infant mortality are high Life expectancy is low Population growth is low
- What is projected to happen in Phases 4 & 5 and why?
Death rates decrease and birth rates decrease, eventually leading to a light bulb shape. Not good because a small youthful population can not support the economy and the elderly effectively.
- Which ‘country’ / regions has/have the highest rate of a) life expectancy b) natural increase?
Life expectancy: Japan
Natural Increase:
- Why do you think the birth rate has declined in most western nations?
Focus on education
Family planning
Careers before family
Less need for many children to work on farms
- Which parts of the world have the lowest birth rates and why? Why might this be a problem?
Japan
Not enough of the population to support the economy in the future (small workforce) and many elders to care for
- Identify the world’s most populous countries.
- China
- India
- United States
- Indonesia
- Brazil
- Pakistan
- Nigeria
- Bangladesh
- Russia
- Japan
- Why are governments concerned about aging populations?
Japan
Not enough of the population to support the economy in the future (small workforce) and many elders to care for (similar to 26)
- What is the world’s current population and what is it predicted to stabilize at?
Current population: About 7 billion
stabilize at: 10 billion
- Give examples of treatment of women as second-class citizens in some cultures.
In India, daughters are seen as somebody else’s because they must be married off. The are dispensable, and a financial burden. India has a very patriarchal society, and women do not even have control of their own reproductive rights.
- Explain some of the difficulties associated with promoting family planning initiatives.
What family planning promotes may be against culture
Can be expensive
- What makes a person a refugee?
Refugees are defined in international law as those who are outside of their own countries and unwilling or unable to return because they have a well-founded fear of persecution based on their race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion
- Explain the problems in dealing with refugee populations.
Cultural acceptance of them
Initial costs are high (investing in their health care, travel, and accommodations)
- Which areas have been generating the most refugees recently?
Iraq
Afghanistan
Syria
Iran
- Which countries have been receiving the most refugees and why?
Pakistan hosts the most refugees with 1.7 million. Eighty percent of the world’s refugees are hosted in developing countries. Many refugees have been going to Europe, especially Germany due to the high amounts of refugees they are willing to accept.
- Why do China and India’s population have more males than females?
Male children are preferred over female children due to the lack of acceptance of women in society.
In India, millions of females are aborted because they are “better dead than to be born”.
- What might contribute to a population with more females than males? Give an example.
Women living longer. **expand
- What role do gatekeepers play in India?
Mother-in-law and husband. It is their decision on whether or not the wife should keep having babies.
- Explain ‘honour killings’ / ‘bride burnings’.
An honor killing or shame killing[1] is the homicide of a member of a family by other members, due to the perpetrators’ belief that the victim has brought shame or dishonor upon the family, or has violated the principles of a community or a religion, usually for reasons such as refusing to enter an arranged marriage, being in a relationship that is disapproved by their family, having sex outside marriage, becoming the victim of rape, dressing in ways which are deemed inappropriate, engaging in non-heterosexual relations or renouncing a faith.
Bride Burnings: women who didn’t have a son are burned with Kerosene to “teach them a lesson”, or because their dowry wasn’t enough for the groom’s family.
- What are the benefits of educating women? Who has been in the news for her advocacy of this and why?
More job opportunities, greater societal acceptance for women. Malala Yousafzai
- What are some of the factors that can cause a baby boom?
- End of war - prosperity and union
2. Abortion ban
- How can countries adapt to an aging population?
Adjust government spending and put a great focus on caring for the elderly Encourage reproduction (baby bonus)
- Describe and explain Japan’s population pyramid.
Inverted triangle, many elderly and few children
- China’s one child policy – why was it implemented and why might it be criticized?
Implemented to reduce population growth. Criticized because it caused:
sex selection (many males)
against chinese tradition of large families
not following policy caused a tax (10% of earnings) or fine (20-50% of family income)
“Golden boy” spoiled generation with bad social skills
- How might Canada increase its population to 100 million by 2100?
More immigration
Encouragement to reproduce (larger baby bonuses)
Influence to make culture put “starting a family” as a priority
- Why are human trafficking, arms trafficking and drug trafficking so hard to combat?
Large industries, heavily protected.
- Why have host mothers become accepted by some Canadians?
More time to focus on personal life
- Contrast lifestyle and infectious diseases, using an example for each:
Lifestyle: A disease associated with the way a person or group of people lives.
Infectious: diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi; the diseases can be spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another
- Give an example of how geography is used in the tracking and managing of global pandemics?
To see where the disease is spreading to prevent further spreading of the global pandemics
- How has the spread of HIV/AIDS hindered the development of countries within Africa?
Money has to be directed to preventing/treating HIV/AIDS instead of other areas
People dying from HIV/AIDS means that the workforce is becoming smaller
Lack of education
92% of children under 15 in Africa have HIV, and they are the future workforce
