Democratization

Question 1

According to Huntington, democratic waves:

Answer 1

1st: 19th century
in 1922 democracy declined with Moussilini
2nd: 1945-1962
Mid 1960’s, countries go authoritarian
3rd: 1974- 2001
Began with Latin American but declined again in 2001

Question 2

End of History:

Answer 2

. Francis Fukuyama

• No all-encompassing ideologies anymore
• Cold war ended in 1989 (western triumphalism)
• Hegel rescued from Marx
• Universal human aspirations

. The free market will depend on:

• material production
• technology
• science
• freedom of individuals

. The liberal democracy will depend on:

• freedom to participate
• free thought and speech
• freedom of individuals

Question 3

What is “clash of civilizations”?

Answer 3

Huntington’s idea that conflict will happen where borders of religions meet.

Question 4

The two trends of Democracy:

Answer 4

1. Long-term trends
   - economic development (Lipset: the more developed, the more able to sustain democracy)
   - rise of middle-class

. Institutional Indicators:

• ehtnic divisions ( u have to give dif grps equality)
• presidential vs. parliamentary
  2. Short-term trends: transitology
• Lazm pact (agreement of democracy) for demo to start

Question 5

Define Authoritarian regimes

Answer 5

1. Few individuals have all the power
   - dictatorship ( one person)
   - oligarchy ( elite alternate power)
2. No constitional resposibility to public
3. Limit public rights

Question 6

Sources of non-democratic rule:

Answer 6

. modernization (govenment promises stability for modernization)
. elites (don’t let go of share power through resource trap)
. society (lack of civil society)
. international relations (foreign occupation)
. cultures

Question 7

Means of controlling society:

* details in notes

Answer 7

1. Coercion
2. Co-optiation
3. Personality cult