Democracy & Participation Definitions

Question 1

Legitimacy

Answer 1

The right and acceptance of an authority, usually a government, to rule. A legitimate government is one that has the consent of the people, often through fair elections.

Question 2

Direct democracy

Answer 2

A system where people make decisions themselves rather than electing representatives to do it for them. An example is referendums, where citizens vote directly on issues.

Question 3

Representative democracy

Answer 3

A system where people elect leaders to make decisions on their behalf. The UK Parliament is an example, as MPs represent their constituencies.

Question 4

Pluralist democracy

Answer 4

A system where multiple groups (e.g., political parties, pressure groups) compete for power, ensuring no single group dominates. It encourages diversity and debate.

Question 5

Democratic deficit

Answer 5

When democratic institutions do not fully represent the people’s interests, often due to low participation, lack of accountability, or limited choice in elections.

Question 6

Participation crisis

Answer 6

When too few people take part in politics (e.g., low voter turnout or disengagement), which can weaken democracy.

Question 7

Franchise/suffrage

Answer 7

The right to vote in elections. Over time, voting rights have expanded, such as giving women and younger people the right to vote.

Question 8

Think tanks

Answer 8

Organizations that research and develop policy ideas to influence governments and decision-makers. They are often linked to political parties or causes.

Question 9

Lobbyists

Answer 9

People or groups who try to influence politicians and government decisions, often representing businesses, unions, or interest groups.