democracy & non-democratic regimes Flashcards
what are the two dimensions of democracy?
- contestation 2. inclusiveness
who founded the two dimensions of democracy?
robert dahl
what does contestation in the two dimensions of democracy mean?
to what extent is the competition, and can the population express opinions
what does inclusiveness in the two dimensions of democracy mean?
the proportion of the population that’s entitled to participate.
democracies aren’t self-evident… (4)
- they vary in quality
- has democratic alternatives
- comes in waves
- has non-democratic alternatives
deliberative democracy
a consensus needs to be reached in order to make decisions
when was the first wave of democratization?
1828-1926
which countries were a part of the first wave of democratization?
britain, france, us
what characterizes the first wave of democratization?
slow and sequential character - based on gradual extension of principles into the political system.
when was the second wave of democratization?
1934-1964
which countries were a part of the second wave of democratization?
India, japan
what characterizes the second wave of democratization?
post war reconstruction, decolonization
political parties played a key role (leading instruments of democracy)
when did the third wave of democratization start?
1974
which countries were in the third wave of democratization?
countries in latin america, africa, eastern europe
what characterized the third wave of democratization?
- the fall of the berlin wall
- optimism about the prospect of democracy
3 characteristics of non-democratic regimes
- rulers aren’t selected in competitive processes
- rulers aren’t accountable to citizens
- ruler’s aren’t subject to rule of law and constitutional constraints
what are the differences between non-democratic regimes (by juan linz)? (3)
- degree of pluralism (means used to gain support)
- type of mobilization (military parades?)
- type of leadership (unpredictability, source of authority)
3 core characteristics of neo-patrimonial (sultanistic) regimes
- based on personalistic type of leadership
- no extensive mobilization
- some pluralism but subject to despotic intervention
2 examples to sultanistic regimes
- turkmenistan - nyazov
2. zaire- mobutu
2 core characteristics of hybrid regimes
- elections but no alteration in power
2. limited restraint on the exercise of power
mechanism of rule in hybrid regimes (3)
- patronage and clientelism: material incentives to support regime
- administrative manipulations: playing with the rules to harass opposition
- politicization of the state: using your power to appoints people to positions
hybrid regimes are distinctly a…
third wave phenomenon
there are discussions about hybrid regimes regarding their…
stability and dangerousness
3 stages of democratization +1
- liberalization
- transition
- consolidation
- deepening
