Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

History > Democracy & Dictatotship > Flashcards

Democracy & Dictatotship Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards World History 101 flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards
1
Q

When did Kaiser Wilhelm II become Emperor?

A

1888

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When did Germany begin to expand its navy?

A

1898

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When did the Kaiser abdicate?

A

1918

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When did WW1 start?

A

1914

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When did the Spartacus League Revolt?

A

January 1919

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When was the TofV signed?

A

June 1919

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When was the Weimar Constitution established?

A

August 1919

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When did American Jazz music come to Germany?

A

January 1920

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When was the Nazi party founded?

A

February 1920

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When was the Kapp Putsch?

A

March 1920

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When did French and Belgian troops invade the Ruhr?

A

January 1923

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When did hyperinflation make money worthless?

A

January 1923

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When was the Munich Putsch?

A

November 1923

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When was the Dawes Plan?

A

August 1924

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When did Hindenburg become President?

A

February 1925

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When was Hitler Youth established?

A

March 1922

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When did Germany join the LofN?

A

January 1926

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When is the Young Plan proposed?

A

February 1929

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When was the Wall Street Crash?

A

October 1929

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When did the Depression hit Germany?

A

1930

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When was Hitler named Chancellor?

A

1933

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When did Hindenburg die and Hitler become Fuhrer?

A

1934

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Kristallnacht

When and what?

A

November 1938
Jewish businesses, homes and synagogues attacked
100 Jews killed
200,000 sent to concentration camps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Night of the Long Knives

When and what?

A

June 1934
SA and political opponents arrested and shot
Over 400

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Impact of the Night if the Long Knives

A

Many people close to Hitler who were a threat were dead
SS we’re now Hitlers security
They and Gestapo formed the ‘police state’
Hitler was open, he literally got away with murder
Army swore oath of loyalty, no longer suspicious of SA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Who was the leader of the SA?

A

Ernst Rohm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Who was the leader of the SS?

A

Heinrich Himmler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

When was the Volkswagen car company formed?

A

1937

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

When did Germany invade Poland?

A

September 1939

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Wannsee Conference

When and what?

A

January 1942
Plan created for the extermination of Europe’s Jews
‘Final Solution’
Death camps set up in German occupied areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

When did Hitler commit suicide?

A

April 1945

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

When did Germany surrender in WW2?

A

May 1945

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is Militarism?

A

Belief that a country should have strong armed forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Who were the SPD and what did they believe in?

A

Social Democratic Party
Socialism- power and wealth should be shared equally
Wanted Kaiser to allow Reichstag to make more social reforms to improve work
Some extremists wanted to rebel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

When were the new Naval Laws created?

A

1898-1913

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Protest against WW1

A

1915- 500 women gathered in front of parliament building and demanded their husbands back
1916- 10,000 workers assembled in Berlin to shout ‘Down with war, down with the government!’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Impact of WW1

A

Borrowed money from USA during war
Lent money to allies
60,000 widows and 2 million kids fatherless
Factories exhausted, were making weaponry not goods
Dived society- factory workers got rich and workers wages cut; women worked in factories and this ruined traditional family values
Had been a rich, stable nation and now there was mutiny and revolution
Many felt they could’ve won

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

When did German sailors refuse to follow orders because they no longer wanted to fight?

A

28th October 1918

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Who took the Kaisers place?

A

Friedrich Ebert leader of SPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What did the Spartacus League believe in?

A

Communism

Wanted Germany run by small councils of soldiers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

When did the Spartacists try to take Berlin?

A

January 1919

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

How did Ebert respond to the Spartacist revolt?

A

2000 Free Corps

After 3 days of brutal street attack Berlin buildings retaken and leaders murdered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

When was the first election of the New Democratic republic?

What was the result?

A

January 1919

SPD won and Ebert became President

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

When and why did politicians meet in Weimar to form the Weimar Republic?

A

February 1919

Recent violence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Who were the Free Corps?

A

Ex-soldiers from WW1
Hated communism
Blamed Spartacists for stirring up trouble at end of war and blamed them for losing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

2 communist uprisings in Germany

A

Bavaria May 1919

Ruhr March 1920

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is proportional representation?

A

Lots of parties could win seats
Difficult to make decisions and laws
Between 1919 and 1933 no party won more than 50% of votes
With no majority deals had to be made between parties that made things even slower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Structure of Weimar Constitution

A

President > Chancellor > Reichstag > German people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What groups opposed new democratic republic?

A 
Older army generals
Judges
Upper-class
Rich factory owners
University professors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

President of Weimar Constitution

A

Elected every 7yrs
Controlled military
Could rule on his own during a crisis
Stayed out of day-to-day running

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Chancellor of Weimar Constitution

A

Chosen by President
Day-to-day running
Law and order, taxation, schooling, healthcare
Must have support of at least half MPs to introduce new laws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Reichstag of Weimar Constitution

A

Discussed and introduced laws
MPs elected every 4yrs
Voting system- proportional representation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

German people of Weimar Constitution

A

All men and women over 20
Guaranteed basic freedoms
Elected President and politicians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Communist Party:
Supporters
Attitude to Weimar Republic
Policies

A 
Working class
Anti-Republic country should be run by workers councils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

SPD:
Supporters
Attitude to Weimar Republic
Policies

A

Mostly working class
Pro-Republic
Every equal, wanted democracy and reforms to help workers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

German Democratic Party:
Supporters
Attitude to Weimar Republic
Policies

A

Middle class, eg lawyers
Pro-republic
Individual freedom, free of speech, right to hold peaceful meeting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Centre Party:
Supporters
Attitude to Weimar Republic
Policies

A

Catholics (mostly from south)
Pro-republic
Supported interests and beliefs of Catholic Church

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

People’s Party :
Supporters
Attitude to Weimar Republic
Policies

A

Middle class, mainly businessmen
Pro-republic, but would like a Kaiser in future
Supported policy that supported trade and industry to make money

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

National People’s Party:
Supporters
Attitude to Weimar Republic
Policies

A

Middle and upper, some ex-soldiers
Anti-republic
Wanted string government led by strong politician or Kaiser

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazis):
Supporters
Attitude to Weimar Republic
Policies

A

Unemployed, mainly ex-soldiers, some support form middle and upper class who feared communism
Anti-republic
Wanted Germany to be a great nation with a great military power again
Strong government ruled by one man
Hated communism because Nazis thought some races and nations were better than others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

3 mains reasons Germans hated TofV

A

1) Too harsh- took away large areas of land which mean losing people, factories, farms and mines
Pay large amount of money
Humiliated and angry
2) Diktat
3) felt they hadn’t lost war, betrayed by November Criminals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

When did Germany first fail to pay reparations and what did this lead to?

A

1922 the second instalment

Jam 1923 60,000 French and Belgian soldiers invaded the Ruhr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

How did Germany deal with the invasion of the Ruhr?

Why did this cause Hyperinflation?

A

Payed workers to strike
Printed lots of money
Already lost profits from Ruhr
Money became worthless as the more money printed the higher prices got

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

How much was a loaf of bread in 1918 and the in 1923?

A

0.6 marks

201 billion marks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Impact of hyperinflation

A

Savings were worthless
Elderly who lived on fixed pensions had too low an income
Small businesses collapsed
Debts paid easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Kapp Putsch

When and what?

A 
March 1920
Wolfgang Kapp led 5000 Free Corps
Took over Berlin
Politicians fled 
Workers striked and after 100hrs Kapp fled
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Red Rising in Ruhr

When and what?

A

March-April 1920
Left-wing workers stayed on strike
Government sent Free Corps
Over 1000 workers killed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

When was Matthias Erzberget shot?

A

August 1921

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

When was Karl Gereis murdered?

A

June 1921

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Key changes Hitler made to Nazi Party

A

Designed new flag and symbol
Set up private army- SA
Changed name to Nazis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Members of Nazi Party:
1920
1921

A

3000

5000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Munich Putsch

When and what?

A

8th November 1923
Interrupted meeting in beer hall where Gustav Von Kahr was speaking
Fired bullet into ceiling and announced he was taking over Bavaria and then Berlin
Locked Karhr and companions in room
Ludendorff negotiates with Kahr who went back on his word and called the police
Lundendorff and Hitler arrested
16 Nazis dead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

How long was Hitler’s sentence and what could he have been sentenced to?

A

5yrs in prison

Execution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

How long did Hitler actually spend in prison?

A

9 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Impact of Munich Putsch on Hitler

A

Valuable lesson
Changed tactics
Would have to win Germany democratically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

During what years was Streseman Foreign Minister?

A

1924-1929

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

What year was Streseman Chancellor?

A

1923

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Stresemann’s solution to hyperinflation Crisis

A

Stop printmaking
Replaced currency with temporary Rentenmark
In 1924 replaced by Reichsmark

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Stresemann’s solution to invasion of the Ruhr

A

Met with US Vice President and borrowed money for reparations ‘Dawes Plan’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

What was the Young Plan?

A

Streseman negotiated reparations from £6.6 billion to £1.8 billion and a longer time to pay it

81
Q

How did Stresemann improve Germany’s image abroad?

A

Improve relations
1925 Locarno Pact
1926 joined LofN
1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact

82
Q

How did Stresemann solve the issues of the industries, unemployment, poor schools, housing and hospitals?

A

Used some money from Dawes Plan to build new factories, roads, houses and schools
Meant more jobs

83
Q

When and how did Stresemann die?

A

1929 of a stroke

84
Q

Golden Age Nightlife

A

New plays, operas and theatre
The Threeoenny Opera has vulgar songs about politicians that would’ve been banned in the Kaisers day
Berlin famous for its Jazz clubs with transvestite evenings, naked women and live bands

85
Q

Golden Age literature

A

Became a big business
120 newspapers and magazines
Anti-war novel All Quiet on the Western Front sold half a million copies in 3 months

86
Q

Golden Age Art

A

Avant-Garde artists like Otto Dix and George Grosz believe art Shiism show the reality of every day life
Painted in a way that criticised current events

87
Q

Golden Age Design

A

New group Bahaus

Modern, simple and practical instead of elaborate designs of the past

88
Q

Why did some Germans, like Nazis, dislike the changes of the Golden Age?

A

Wanted media to celebrate older traditional values
Thought new nightclubs, shows and paintings were leading Germany into moral decline
Berlin viewed as corrupt and sex-obsessed

89
Q

Unemployment:
1928
1929
1932

A

1.4 million
Just under 2 million
5.5 million

90
Q

Why did people turn to extremist parties after the Depression?

A

Promised them radical solutions
Blamed the Weimar Government
Desperate
Hitler promised ‘Work and Bread’

91
Q

Seats for the Nazi Party

A

May 1928- 12
September 1930- 107
July 1932- 230
November 1932- 196

92
Q

Nazi Parties appeal- structure, tactics and methods

A

Nazi Party offices all over Germany
100,000 SA by 1931 > 400,000 SA by 1932
SA influenced elections through fear
Propaganda through new media- radio and cinema news reports
Bought newspapers and printed millions of leaflets and posters
Parades to show power- speeches and rallies
Hitler Youth

93
Q

When was Goebbels made chief Nazi propagandist?

A

1928

94
Q

Why did Farmers vote for the Nazis?

A

Hit hard by Depression as people were not buying as much food and their prices had to lower
Weimar government didn’t help
Nazis promised high prices and high status
Both hated communists who would seize land that families had farmed for generations

95
Q

Why did women vote for Nazis?

A

Said that family life, good morals and self-discipline were important
Some agreed when Hitler said youth had been exposed to muck and filth in the theatre and cinema

96
Q

Why did the middle-class vote for Nazis?

A 
Wages cut by government 
Large groups of unemployed youths
Feared law and order might break down or communists would destroy their way of life
Wanted Weimar Government to be strong 
Nazis showed order and discipline
97
Q

Why did young people vote for Nazis?

A

Old soldier who knows the value of a powerful military
Promised to destroy TofV
Wanted to be a part of Germany’s bright future

98
Q

Why did the upper classes and rich factory owners support the Nazis?

A

Promised strong leadership and to become a more powerful nation
Promised to allow them to run factories how they wanted
Nazis fought communists who would take away their businesses

99
Q

Order of Chancellors in ‘30s

A

1930-1932 Heinrich Bruning
July 1932- November Franz von Papen
Kurt von Schleicher
January 1933 Hitler

100
Q

Reichstag Fire

When and what?

A

27th February 1933
A week before voting day
Evidence unclear but blamed on communist Marinus Van der Lubbe

101
Q

When did Hindenburg agree to pass an emergency ‘Protection Law’ giving Hitler the power to deal with Germany’s problems?

A

28th February 1933

102
Q

When was the law banning communists from running in the Reichstag?

A

March 1933

103
Q

The Enabling Law

When and what?

A

23rd March 1933
Hitler had got majority by merging with Centre Party
Forced Reichstag to pass Enabling Law
Gave him power to make laws without Reichstag

104
Q

When were the Gestapo formed and the first concentration camp opens in Dachau?

A

April 1933

105
Q

When did Hitler ban trade unions?

A

2nd May 1933

106
Q

When did Hitler ban all political parties in Germany and what was it called?

A

14th July 1933

‘Law against formation of New Parties’

107
Q

When did Nazis order the creation of a new network of autobans?

A

June 1933

108
Q

How many people gained a job because of the new autobans?

A

Nearly 100,000

109
Q

How did the Nazis use invisible unemployment?

A

Women who gave up work to have a family did not count in official figures
Part time workers counted as full time
Sacked Jews and replaced them with non-Jews and the unemployed Jews were not counted in official figures

110
Q

What were the terms of Hitler’s conscription?

A

From 1935 all makes 18-25 we’re forced to join the army for two years

111
Q

How did conscription reduce unemployment?

A

The army grew from 100,000 to 1.4 million in 5 yrs

112
Q

Who did Hitler appoint as Minister of Economics when he came to power in 1935?

A

Hjalmar Schacht

113
Q

Who replaced Schacht as Minister of Economics?

What did he introduce?

A

Goering

The Four Year Plan

114
Q

The Four Year Plan

When and what?

A

1936
Prepare Germany for war
Increased military production, ordered huge amounts of weapons, equipment and uniforms which created lots of jobs in factories

115
Q

In order to make Germany self-sufficient alternatives did scientists develop?

A

Petrol> coal
Wool and cotton> pulped wood
Makeup> flour
Coffee> acorns

116
Q

What percent of Germans were involved in agriculture and forestry?

A

30%

117
Q

What was the German Labour Front? (DAF)

A

Replaced trade unions
Promised to protect the rights of workers and improve conditions
Ran 3 schemes

118
Q

What was the Beauty of Labour Scheme? (SDA)

A 
Improves working environment by:
installing better lighting
safety equipment
New wash rooms
Low-cost canteens
Sports facilities
119
Q

What was the Strength through Joy scheme? (KDF)

A

Organised leisure activities to encourage hard work
Reward scheme
Offered chelas holidays, theatre trips and tickets to football matches

120
Q

What was the DAF’s third scheme?

A

Hitler helped design a ‘People’s Car’, a Volkswagen that ordinary people could afford
Helped workers save up for a car

121
Q

Problems still around in Nazi Regime

A

Food cost more as Germany was trying to become self-sufficient
Workers lost rights because trade unions were banned, had to work as many hours as the Nazis required
Some KDF holidays were still too expensive

122
Q

When did Hitler’s armies attack the USSR?

A

1941

123
Q

Why did the German forces fail in USSR?

A

Freezing Russian winter
Guns wouldn’t fire properly
Poorly clothed

124
Q

How many Germans died at Stalingrad?

A

Over 800,000

125
Q

Alternative for soap during the war

A

Soggy, stewed pine needles

126
Q

From when were food and clothing rationed?

Give 2 examples

A

November 1939
Rationed to 1 egg a week
Hot water rationed to 2 days a week

127
Q

What does Total War mean? Give examples

A

Anything that didn’t contribute to the war effort was stopped.
Beer houses, dance halls and sweat shops closed.
Letterboxes boarded up

128
Q

By 1944 how many foreigners, including slaves, had been brought to work in German factories?

A

7 million

129
Q

Impact of Britain and American bombing

A 
No electricity, water or transport 
People left their homes 
Thousands of deaths and injuries
People had to be retrieved from their home by the medical services
Flooding and gas explosions
Danger of unexplored bombs
130
Q

Give examples of indoctrination

A

In History they learnt mainly about German victories and how badly Germany was treated after WW1
Geography outline areas German would soon conquer
Science concentrated on weapon making and chemical warfare
In Maths they would be asked to calculate how much money Germany would save if it got rid of all the disabled people
Eugenics were race studies, learnt how to improve race and taught Nazi belief of inferiority of black people, Eastern Europeans and Jews
Textbooks were written so Nazi belief was presented as fact
All teachers had to join Herman Teachers League

131
Q

Percentage of university professors/lecturers sacked between 1933-34

A

15%

1/3 for racial reasons and 1/2 for political reasons

132
Q

By 1939 how many university professors/lecturers had been sacked?

A

Over 3000

133
Q

Give examples of how University courses were altered during the Nazi Regime

A

Physics courses didn’t include Einstein’s Theory of Relativity because he was Jewish
All students had to train as a soldier for a month each year
Top professors hand-picked by Nazis

134
Q

What were children taught in Hitler Youth?

A

Boys- military skills, marching, knife fighting, how to fire a gun and keep fit
Girls- good wives and mothers, cook and keep fit

135
Q

When did Hitler ban youth groups?

A

1933

136
Q

Law for the Incorporation of German Youth

When and what?

A

1936

Gave Hitler Youth equal status to Home and school

137
Q

When was membership to Hitler’s Youth made compulsory?

A

1939

138
Q

What were children encouraged to do if they heard their parents or teachers criticising the Nazis?

A

Report them

139
Q

Name 3 rebel youth groups

A

Swing Youth
Edelweiss Pirates
Navajos

140
Q

How many births were there in

1900 and 1933

A

2 million and then under 1 million

141
Q

What were women banned from doing?

A

Smoking
Wearing trousers or high heels
Abortions
Contraception

142
Q

Why were loans given out to newlyweds?

A

To encourage them to have children

After each child they could keep a 1/4 of the money

143
Q

How many children were born because of the Lebensborn movement?

A

8000

144
Q

By March 1939 how many women had attended a motherhood training course put on by The Germans Women’s League?

A

1.7 million

145
Q

How many babies born in

1933 and 1939

A

970,000 and 1.4

146
Q

Religious split in Germany

A

1/3 Catholic - 20 million

2/3 Protestant - 40 million

147
Q

Why did some Christians support the Nazis?

A

Nazis said they believe in the importance of marriage, the family and moral values
Christine feared communism as it was anti-religious
Hitler promised to respect Catholic Church

148
Q

When did Hitler sign a Concordant with the Pope?

A

1933

149
Q

How did Hitler break the Concordant with the Pope?

A

Harassed priest and closed down Catholic youth clubs and schools

150
Q

When did the Pope Issue ‘With Burning Anxiety’ and what did it say?

A

1937
Said Nazis were ‘hostile to Christa bus his Church’
Had little effect

151
Q

Who was the German Christians’ leader and when did he become the first Reich Bishop?

A

Ludwig Muller

September 1933

152
Q

How many Jehovahs witnesses were killed in concentration camps and why?

A

1/3

Pacifists so refused to serve in the army

153
Q

When were all Jewish lawyers and judges sacked?

A

March 1933

154
Q

When were Jews banned from sports clubs and Jewish teachers sacked?

A

April 1933

155
Q

When were Eugenics introduced into German schools?

A

September 1933

156
Q

When were Jewish shops marked with a yellow Star of David and soldiers paid to stand outside to turn people away?

A

January 1934

157
Q

Nuremberg Laws

When and what?

A 
September 1935
Stripped of German citizenship
No rights
Not allowed to vote 
Couldn’t marry non-Jews
158
Q

When were Jews banned from owning electrical equipment, bicycles, typewriters or music records?

A

January 1936

159
Q

When were Jewish doctors sacked?

A

July 1938

160
Q

When were Jews made to add Israel or Sara to their first names?

A

August 1938

161
Q

When were Jewish children banned from German schools?

A

November 1938

162
Q

When were Jewish and non-Jewish children banned from playing together and Jews banned from using swimming pools?

A

December 1938

163
Q

When could Jews be evicted from their homes for no reason?

A

April 1939

164
Q

When were Jews no longer allowed outside their home between 8pm and 6am?

A

September 1939

165
Q

What is an ideal Aryan?

A

Strong, tall, blonde, blue-eyed and white

166
Q

Up to 1945 how many Gypsies and Jews died in death camps?

A

Over 1/2 million gypsies

Over 6 million Jews

167
Q

Examples of violent persecution of Jews

A

Execution squads would hunt down and murder Jews

168
Q

Who were undesirables?

A

1/2 million Tramps, beggars and alcoholics sent to camps
Thousands of prostitutes, homosexuals and problem families
Pacifists
350,000 physically and mentally disabled women were forcibly sterilised
200,000 people including 500 children murdered in specially built ‘nursing homes’

169
Q

Statistics from Kristallnacht

A

10,000 shops had windows broken
100 killed
20,000 sent to camps
200 synagogues burnt down

170
Q

Impact of war on Jews

A

Jews that left Germany to live in nearby countries like Holland or Belgium were again under Nazi rule
3 million in Poland
2.7 million in Western Russia
Over 1 million in France, Denmark, Norway and the Balkans

171
Q

How did Jews resist the persecution?

A

Some Jews escaped execution squads and formed resistance groups
Attack soldiers and blow up railway lines
Rare and hunted down

172
Q

When was the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and how long did it last?

A

1943

Lasted 43 days

173
Q

Details of Treblinka death camp rebellion

A 
One prisoner managed to get into weapons store
Handed out guns and grenades
Set camp on fire
150 escapes
15 guards killed 
All escapees killed
550 other prisoners killed in revenge
174
Q

How many Jews were killed?

A

Six million

175
Q

How did ordinary people helped with the Final Solution?

A

Railway workers loaded Jews into cattle trucks
Office clerks, typists, telephone operators, policemen and soldiers
159 German companies used Auschwitz prisoners as slaves to build their goods
Firms competed for the contract to design and build gas chambers and ovens

176
Q

Who did all the police forces report to?

A

Himmler

177
Q

Name and describe the 3 divisions of the SS

A

SD- security, arrest anyone, search homes and seize property. Spied and policed Nazi Party

Waffen SS- elite army unit

Death’s Heat Units ran concentration and death camps

178
Q

Why was the police and law courts unfair?

A

Ignored crimes committed by Nazis
All top jobs went to the Nazis
Death penalty given for anti-Hitler jokes, having sex with a Jew or listening to foreign radio

179
Q

What did the Gestapo do?

A 
Didn’t wear uniforms
Spied
Tapped cellphones
Opened mail
Imprison people without trial
Torture anyone 
Networks of informers
180
Q

How did Goebbels censor the newspapers?

A

Only stories that showed Nazis doing good things were printed
Negative stories about Jews
Newspapers that printed stories that weren’t approved by Goebbels were shut down

181
Q

How did Goebbels censor films?

A

All film plots showed to him before they were made

All films had to show the Nazis in a good way and their enemies in a bad way

182
Q

How did Goebbels use Mass rallies as propaganda?

A

Big parades celebrated Hitlers greatness
Special arenas built that could hold 1/2 million
Choirs, bands, speeches, fireworks and air shows to showcase how impressive and organised Nazis were

183
Q

How did Goebbels censor books, theatre and music

A 
Writers forced to write books, plays and songs that praised Hitler and the Nazis
Music had to be Austrian or German
Jewish and Jazz music banned
Bach, Beethoven etc was popular 
Cabaret clubs shut down
184
Q

How did Goebbels censor the radio?

A

Nazis controlled all stations
Put across Nazi ideas
Cheap radios produced so everyone could tune into Nazi-controlled stations
Loudspeakers place in streets, factories and cafes

185
Q

What was the Chamber of Culture?

A

Led by Goebbels
All musicians, writers and actors had to be members
Jews banned
Ruled that all cultural activities had to given the same message that Nazi beliefs and ideas were correct

186
Q

How did Goebbels censor literature?

A

List of banned books

187
Q

When did Hitler ban the Bauhaus movement?

A

1933

188
Q

When did Nazi publicly burn 5000 paintings they disapproved of?

A

1936

189
Q

When was the Olympic Games held in Berlin?

A

1936

190
Q

Examples of passive resistance to the Nazis

A

Refused to give Heil Hitler salute or give money to Hitler Youth members who went collecting from house to house

191
Q

What did the White Rose group do?

A

Urged Germans to get rid of Hitler

Anti-Nazi leaflets, poster and graffiti

192
Q

What did the Edelweiss Pirates and Navajos do in rebellion?

A

Beat up Nazi officials and helped army deserters
Sabotaged railway lines
Spied on military and wild secrets to other countries

193
Q

When did the Catholic Church criticise the killings of physically and mentally disabled people?

A

1941

194
Q

Who were the Kreisau Circle?

A

Army officers, professors and aristocrats who were appalled by the brutality of the Nazi Regime
Discussed removing Hitler but never took action

195
Q

What group was behind the July Bomb Plot and who were their leaders?

A

Beck-Goerdeler group

Led by former army general Ludwig Beck and Nazi official Karl Goerdeler

196
Q

When were the 3 attempts on Hitlers life by Beck-Goerdeler group?

A

March and November 1943

July 1944

197
Q

When was the July Bomb Plot?

A

July 1944

198
Q

How did they plan to kill Hitler in the July Bomb Plot?

What was the result?

A

Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg agreed to help detonate a bomb during a meeting
They then hoped to take over
Killed 4
Failed to kill Hitler

History (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions